MASTER OF ARTS.

BRANCH I.-Classics.

MONDAY, June 2.-Morning, 10 to 1.

GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION.

Examiner, Rev. Dr. JERRARD.

Translate into Greek Prose :

I know a maiden Aunt, of a great family, who is one of these antiquated Sibyls, that forbodes and prophesies from one end of the year to the other. She is always seeing apparitions, and hearing death-watches; and was the other day almost frighted out of her wits by the great house-dog, that howled in the stable at a time when she lay ill of the tooth-ache. Such an extravagant cast of mind engages multitudes of people, not only in impertinent terrors, but in supernumerary duties of life; and arises from that fear and ignorance which are natural to the soul of man. The horror with which we entertain the thoughts of death, and the uncertainty of the time of its approach, fill a melancholy mind with innumerable apprehensions and suspicions, and consequently dispose it to the observation of such groundless prodigies and predictions. I know but one way of fortifying my soul against these gloomy presages and terrors of mind, and that is, by securing to myself the friendship and protection of that Being who disposes of events, and governs futurity.

Translate into Latin Prose:

In the year 452, Attila resolved to attack the centre of the empire, and, marching into Italy, he wasted it with rage, inflamed by the sense of his late disgrace. What Italy suffered by the Huns exceeded all the calamities

which the preceding incursions of the barbarians had brought upon it. It is endless, it is shocking, to follow these destroyers of mankind through so many scenes of horror, and to contemplate the havoc which they made of the human species.

But the state in which Italy appears to have been during several ages after the barbarous nations settled in it, is the most decisive proof of the cruelty as well as extent of their devastations. Ancient Italy, which the Romans rendered the seat of elegance and luxury, was cultivated to the highest pitch. But so effectually did the devastations of the barbarians destroy all the effects of Roman industry and cultivation, that in the eighth century a considerable part of Italy appears to have been covered with forests and marshes of great extent. Muratori enters into a minute detail concerning the situation and limits of several of these; and proves, by the most authentic evidence, that great tracts of territory, in all the different provinces, were either over-run with wood, or laid under water.

MONDAY, June 2.-Afternoon, 3 to 6.

Examiner, Mr. BURCHAM.

Subject for English Essay.

The comparative merits and defects of the most distinguished historians of Greece and Rome.

TUESDAY, June 3.--Morning, 10 to 1,

GREEK PROSE.

Examiner, Rev. Dr. JERRARD.

Translate into English:

(A.) THUCYDIDES. Book II. chap. 53.

Πρωτόν τε ἦρξε καὶ ἐς τἆλλα τῇ πόλει ἐπὶ πλέον ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα. ῥᾷον γὰρ ἐτόλμα τις, ἃ πρότερον ἀπεκρύπτετο μὴ καθ ̓ ἡδονὴν ποιεῖν, ἀγχίστροφον τὴν μεταβολὴν ὁρῶντες τῶν τ' εὐδαιμόνων καὶ αἰφνιδίως θνησκόντων, καὶ τῶν οὐδὲν πρότερον κεκτημένων εὐθὺς δὲ τἀκείνων ἐχόντων. ὥστε ταχείας τὰς ἐπαυρέσεις καὶ πρὸς τὸ τερπνὸν ἠξίουν ποιεῖσθαι, ἐφήμερα τά τε σώματα καὶ τὰ χρήματα ὁμοίως ἡγούμενοι. καὶ τὸ μὲν προσταλαιπωρεῖν τῷ δόξαντι καλῷ οὐδεὶς πρόθυμος ἦν, ἄδηλον νομίζων εἰ πρὶν ἐπ' αὐτὸ ἐλθεῖν διαφθαρήσεται· ὅ τι δὲ ἤδη τε ἡδὺ καὶ πανταχόθεν τὸ ἐς αὐτὸ κερδαλέον, τοῦτο καὶ καλὸν καὶ χρήσιμον κατέστη. θεῶν δὲ φόβος ἢ ἀνθρώπων νόμος οὐδεὶς ἀπεῖργε, τὸ μὲν κρίνοντες ἐν ὁμοίῳ καὶ σέβειν καὶ μη, ἐκ τοῦ πάντας ὁρᾷν ἐν ἴσῳ ἀπολλυμένους, τῶν δὲ ἁμαρτημάτων οὐδεὶς ἐλπίζων μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι βιοὺς ἂν τὴν τιμωρίαν ἀντιδοῦναι, πολὺ δὲ μείζω τὴν ἤδη κατεψηφισμένην σφῶν ἐπικρεμασθῆναι, ἢν πρὶν ἐμπεσεῖν, εἰκὸς εἶναι τοῦ βίου τι ἀπολαῦσαι.

(B.) PLATO. TIMEUS, 9.

Translate into Latin:

Εστιν οὖν δὴ κατ' ἐμὴν δόξαν πρῶτον διαιρετέον τάδε. τι τὸ ὂν ἀεί, γένεσιν δὲ οὐκ ἔχον, καὶ τί τὸ γιγνόμενον μὲν ἀεί, ὃν δὲ οὐδέποτε; τὸ μὲν δή νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτὸν ἀεὶ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ὄν, τὸ δ' αὖ δόξῃ μετ' αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου δοξαστὸν

γιγνόμενον καὶ ἀπολλύμενον, ὄντως δὲ οὐδέποτε ὄν. πᾶν δὲ αὖ τὸ γιγνόμενον ὑπ ̓ αἰτίου τινὸς ἐξ ἀνάγκης γίγνεσθαι· παντὶ γὰρ ἀδύνατον χωρὶς αἰτίου γένεσιν σχεῖν. ὅτου μὲν οὖν ἂν ὁ δημιουργὸς πρὸς τὸ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἔχον βλέπων ἀεί, τοιούτῳ τινὶ προσχρώμενος παραδείγματι, τὴν ἰδέαν αὐτοῦ καὶ δύναμιν ἀπεργάζηται, καλὸν ἐξ ἀνάγκης οὕτως ἀποτελεῖσθαι πᾶν οὗ δ ̓ ἂν εἰς τὸ γεγονός, γεννητῷ παραδείγματι προσχρώμενος, οὐ καλόν. ὁ δὴ πᾶς οὐρανὸς ἢ κόσμος ἢ καὶ ἄλλο ὅ τί ποτε ὀνομαζόμενος μάλιστ ̓ ἂν δέχοιτο, τοῦθ ̓ ἡμῖν ὡνομάσθω, σκεπτέον δ ̓ οὖν περὶ αὐτου πρῶτον, ὅ περ ὑπόκειται περὶ παντὸς ἐν ἀρχῇ δεῖν σκοπεῖν, πότερον ἦν ἀεί, γενέσεως ἀρχὴν ἔχων οὐδεμίαν, ἢ γέγονεν, ἀπ ̓ ἀρχῆς τινὸς ἀρξάμενος. γέγονεν· ὁρατὸς γὰρ ἁπτός τέ ἐστι καὶ σῶμα ἔχων, πάντα δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα αἰσθητά, τὰ δὲ αἰσθητά, δόξῃ περιληπτὰ μετὰ αἰσθήσεως, γιγνόμενα καὶ γεννητὰ ἐφάνη. τῷ δ' αὖ γενομένῳ φαμὲν ὑπ ̓ αἰτίου τινὸς ἀνάγκην εἶναι γενέσθαι. τὸν μὲν οὖν ποιητὴν καὶ πατέρα τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς εὑρεῖν τε ἔργον καὶ εὑρόντα εἰς πάντας αδύνατον λέγειν· τόδε δ ̓ οὖν πάλιν ἐπισκεπτέον περὶ αὐτοῦ, πρὸς πότερον τῶν παραδειγμάτων ὁ τεκταινόμενος αὐτὸν ἀπειργάζετο, πότερον πρὸς τὸ κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ ὡσαύτως ἔχον ἢ πρὸς τὸ γεγονός. εἰ μὲν δὴ καλός ἐστ τιν ὅδε ὁ κόσμος ὅ τε δημιουργὸς ἀγαθός, δῆλον ὡς πρὸς τὸ ἀΐδιον ἔβλεπεν· εἰ δέ, ὃ μηδ ̓ εἰπεῖν τινὶ θέμις, πρὸς τὸ γεγονός.

(C.) ARISTOTLE. ETHICA MAGNA, II. 6. Translate into English:

̓Ακρατὴς οὖν ἐστὶν ὁ ἔχων τὴν ἐπιστήμην τῶν καλῶν, οὐκ ἐνεργῶν δὲ αὐτῇ. Οταν οὖν μὴ ἐνεργῇ τῇ ἐπιστήμῃ ταύτῃ, οὐδὲν ἄτοπον αὐτόν ἐστι πράττειν τὰ φαῦλα ἔχοντα τὴν ἐπιστήμην. "Ομοιον γάρ ἐστιν ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῶν καθευδόντων οὗτοι γὰρ ἔχοντες τὴν ἐπιστήμην ὅμως ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ πολλὰ δυσχερῆ καὶ πράττουσι καὶ πάσχουσιν· οὐ γὰρ ἐνεργεῖ ἐν αὐτ τοῖς ἡ ἐπιστήμη. Ωσαύτως δ ̓ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀκρατους· ὥσπερ γὰρ

καθεύδοιτι ἔοικε, καὶ τῇ ἐπιστήμη οὐκ ἐνεργεῖ. Λύεται δ' ή ἀπορία οὕτως. Μπορεῖτο γὰρ πότερον ὁ ἀκρατὴς ἐκβάλλε τότε τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἢ μεταπίπτει· ἄτοπον γὰρ ἀμφότερα δι κεῖ εἶναι. ̓Αλλὰ πάλιν ἐντεῦθεν ἂν γένοιτο φανερόν, ὥσπερ ἔφαμεν ἐν τοῖς ἀναλυτικοῖς ἐκ δύο προτάσεων γίνεσθαι τὸν συλλογισμόν, καὶ τούτων εἶναι τὴν μὲν πρώτην καθόλου, τὴν δὲ δευτέραν ὑπὸ ταύτην τε καὶ ἐπὶ μέρους, οἷον ἐπίσταμαι πάντ' ἄνθρωπον πυρέττοντα ὑγιῆ ποιῆσαι, οὑτοσὶ δὲ πυρέττει· ἐπίσταμαι ἄρα καὶ τοῦτον ὑγιῆ ποιῆσαι. Εστιν οὖν ὃ τῇ μὲν καθόλου ἐπιστήμῃ ἐπίσταμαι, τῇ δ ̓ ἐπὶ μέρους οὔ. Γίνεται οὖν ἁμαρτία τῷ τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἔχοντι καὶ ἐνταῦθ ̓, οἷον ἅπαντα μὲν τὸν πυρέττοντα ὑγιῆ ποιῆσαι, εἰ μέντοι οὗτος πυρέττει, οὐκ οἶδεν. Ὡσαύτως τοίνυν ἐπὶ του ἀκρατοῦς τοῦ τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἔχοντος ἡ αὐτὴ ἁμαρτία συμβήσεται. Ἐνδέχεται γὰρ τὸν ἀκρατῆ τὴν μὲν καθόλου ἐπιστήμην ἔχειν, ὅτι τὰ τοιαῦτα φαῦλα καὶ βλαβερά, μὴ μέντοι γε ὅτι ἐστὶ ταῦτα φαῦλα ἐπὶ μέρους εἰδέναι, ὥστε οὕτως ἔχων τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἁμαρτήσεται· ἔχει γὰρ τὴν καθόλου, τὴν δ ̓ ἐπὶ μέσ ρους οὔ.

1. Enumerate, in chronological order, the principal Greek and Latin Historians (any of whose works are extant) that flourished before the fall of the Western Empire, briefly noticing the subjects of their several writings. Down to what period does nearly the whole of European history continue to be written in Greek or Latin ?

2. What are the chief points of difference between Hellenistic Greek, and the language of the Attic writers ?

3. Give a short account of the Politia of Aristotle ; and show wherein the great value of that work consists. When did this philosopher begin to acquire his ascendancy in the schools of Europe? Mention instances in which his meaning was misunderstood by those who supposed that they were following his guidance.