Life on the Earth: Its Origin and SuccessionMacmillan and Company, 1860 - Всего страниц: 224 |
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... continual loss and restora- tion of parts in its organic fabric . One great part in this process is maintained by the atmosphere , from which all plants and all animals draw supplies of gaseous elements suited to their constitution ...
... continual loss and restora- tion of parts in its organic fabric . One great part in this process is maintained by the atmosphere , from which all plants and all animals draw supplies of gaseous elements suited to their constitution ...
Стр. 45
... continual loss and restoration of parts , suffering death in every individual , and renewed by birth of other individuals ; adapted to the ele- ments of water , land , and air ; limited by tempera- ture and physical conditions ; called ...
... continual loss and restoration of parts , suffering death in every individual , and renewed by birth of other individuals ; adapted to the ele- ments of water , land , and air ; limited by tempera- ture and physical conditions ; called ...
Стр. 83
... continual progress upward in the organization of animals . In proportion to the elapsed time the changes make progress , but these changes are not always in the sense of uninterrupted advance from inferior to superior forms . For ...
... continual progress upward in the organization of animals . In proportion to the elapsed time the changes make progress , but these changes are not always in the sense of uninterrupted advance from inferior to superior forms . For ...
Стр. 174
... continual descent , but sprung from separate contemporaneous branches of one stem of life , arriving at a given standard of excellence at such enormously different epochs , how should it happen that Plants and Quadrupeds on land ...
... continual descent , but sprung from separate contemporaneous branches of one stem of life , arriving at a given standard of excellence at such enormously different epochs , how should it happen that Plants and Quadrupeds on land ...
Стр. 188
... continual expansion of the general funda- mental form , with a continual tendency to higher and higher development , can be placed in evidence as a matter of history . It is important to keep this distinction in mind . DEVELOPMENT . The ...
... continual expansion of the general funda- mental form , with a continual tendency to higher and higher development , can be placed in evidence as a matter of history . It is important to keep this distinction in mind . DEVELOPMENT . The ...
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abundance affinity ages Ammonites Amorphozoa ancient Annelida antiquity appear atmosphere beds Brachiopoda British Carbon Carboniferous Cenozoic Cenozoic Strata Cephalopoda Cetacea Chalk character classes climate Coal creation Cretaceous Crocodilia Crustacea deposits Devonian Dimyaria distribution earlier earliest earth Echinodermata effect Eocene epoch equal examples existing favourable Fishes forms fossil freshwater Gasteropoda genera genus geological geological periods globe Goniatites groups heat hypothesis idea Insects Invertebrata land Lias limestone limited Lingula living Llandeilo Lower Palæozoic Mammalia marine mean temperature Mesozoic Mesozoic Period modern Oceans Mollusca Monomyaria naturalists nature number of species occur Oolitic organic origin Palæontology Paleozoic Strata perhaps Permian phenomena plants and animals Pleiocene Polyzoa prevalent races radiation recent regard remarkable represented Reptiles rivers rocks sediments shale shells shew Silurian Stonesfield structure succession suppose surface Teleosaurus Tertiary Strata thickness tion traced Uniformitarian Upper variations variety vegetable Vertebrata whole zone Zoophyta دو
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Стр. 194 - As all the living forms of life are the lineal descendants of those which lived long before the Cambrian epoch, we may feel certain that the ordinary succession by generation has never once been broken, and that no cataclysm has desolated the whole world.
Стр. 195 - There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.
Стр. 194 - Therefore I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth, have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed.
Стр. 193 - I formerly entertained, namely, that each species has been independently created, is erroneous. I am fully convinced that species are not immutable; but that those belonging to what are called the same genera are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species, in the same manner as the acknowledged varieties of any one species are the descendants of that species. Furthermore, I am convinced that Natural Selection has been the main, but not exclusive, means of modification.
Стр. 193 - I cannot doubt that the theory of descent with modification embraces all the members of the same great class or kingdom. I believe that animals are descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.
Стр. 195 - It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth...
Стр. 194 - Nevertheless all living things have much in common, in their chemical composition, their cellular structure, their laws of growth, and their liability to injurious influences.
Стр. 178 - The intermixture of distinct species is guarded against by the aversion of the individuals composing them to sexual union, or by the sterility of the mule offspring. It does not appear that true hybrid races have ever been perpetuated for several generations, even by the assistance of man; for the cases usually cited relate to the crossing of mules with individuals of pure species, and not to the intermixture of hybrid with hybrid.
Стр. 195 - Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life...
Стр. 192 - I can entertain no doubt, after the most deliberate study and dispassionate judgment of which I am capable, that the view which most naturalists until recently entertained, and which I formerly entertained, namely, that each species has been independently created, is erroneous. I am fully convinced that species are not immutable...