The Meaning of Evolution: The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwin's TheoryUniversity of Chicago Press, 2 февр. 2009 г. - Всего страниц: 222 Did Darwin see evolution as progressive, directed toward producing ever more advanced forms of life? Most contemporary scholars say no. In this challenge to prevailing views, Robert J. Richards says yes—and argues that current perspectives on Darwin and his theory are both ideologically motivated and scientifically unsound. This provocative new reading of Darwin goes directly to the origins of evolutionary theory. Unlike most contemporary biologists or historians and philosophers of science, Richards holds that Darwin did concern himself with the idea of progress, or telos, as he constructed his theory. Richards maintains that Darwin drew on the traditional embryological meanings of the terms "evolution" and "descent with modification." In the 1600s and 1700s, "evolution" referred to the embryological theory of preformation, the idea that the embryo exists as a miniature adult of its own species that simply grows, or evolves, during gestation. By the early 1800s, however, the idea of preformation had become the concept of evolutionary recapitulation, the idea that during its development an embryo passes through a series of stages, each the adult form of an ancestor species. Richards demonstrates that, for Darwin, embryological recapitulation provided a graphic model of how species evolve. If an embryo could be seen as successively taking the structures and forms of its ancestral species, then one could see the evolution of life itself as a succession of species, each transformed from its ancestor. Richards works with the Origin and other published and archival material to show that these embryological models were much on Darwin's mind as he considered the evidence for descent with modification. Why do so many modern researchers find these embryological roots of Darwin's theory so problematic? Richards argues that the current tendency to see evolution as a process that is not progressive and not teleological imposes perspectives on Darwin that incorrectly deny the clearly progressive heart of his embryological models and his evolutionary theory. |
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Стр. x
... 110 20 Illustrations of homocercal and heterocercal fish tails , from Darwin's copy of William Carpenter , Principles of Comparative 21 Physiology , courtesy of Cambridge University Library Salmon embryo X ILLUSTRATIONS.
... 110 20 Illustrations of homocercal and heterocercal fish tails , from Darwin's copy of William Carpenter , Principles of Comparative 21 Physiology , courtesy of Cambridge University Library Salmon embryo X ILLUSTRATIONS.
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... embryo , from Louis Agassiz and Carl Vogt , Histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce 117 118 22 Fossil fish ... embryos , from Charles Darwin , Descent of Man 162 31 Ernst Haeckel . Photograph courtesy of Haeckel- Haus , Jena 173 32 ...
... embryo , from Louis Agassiz and Carl Vogt , Histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce 117 118 22 Fossil fish ... embryos , from Charles Darwin , Descent of Man 162 31 Ernst Haeckel . Photograph courtesy of Haeckel- Haus , Jena 173 32 ...
Стр. xiii
... embryo from the very be- ginning existed as a miniature adult that simply unfolded or " evolved " during gestation . The second meaning , assumed to have been given currency by Herbert Spencer in the 1850s , referred to species descent ...
... embryo from the very be- ginning existed as a miniature adult that simply unfolded or " evolved " during gestation . The second meaning , assumed to have been given currency by Herbert Spencer in the 1850s , referred to species descent ...
Стр. 3
... embryo of a higher organ- ism passes through the adult forms of lower organisms ; and its new life as a term for species change . In chapter 4 I will describe the early British discussions of embryological re- capitulation and species ...
... embryo of a higher organ- ism passes through the adult forms of lower organisms ; and its new life as a term for species change . In chapter 4 I will describe the early British discussions of embryological re- capitulation and species ...
Стр. 7
... embryo carries a seed containing another embryo , which in turn carries a seed containing yet an- other embryo , so that all descendants of the original progenitor preexist in a cascading series of encasements . See , for instance ...
... embryo carries a seed containing another embryo , which in turn carries a seed containing yet an- other embryo , so that all descendants of the original progenitor preexist in a cascading series of encasements . See , for instance ...
Содержание
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The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwins Theory 3 The Theory of Evolutionary Recapitulation in the Context of ... | 17 |
The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwins Theory 4 Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Species Change | 63 |
The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwins Theory 5 Darwins Embryological Theory of Progressive Evolution | 91 |
The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwins Theory 6 The Meaning of Evolution and the Ideological Uses of History | 167 |
The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwins Theory Bibliography | 181 |
The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwins Theory Index | 191 |
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The Meaning of Evolution: The Morphological Construction and Ideological ... Robert J. Richards Ограниченный просмотр - 2009 |
The Meaning of Evolution: The Morphological Construction and Ideological ... Robert J. Richards Недоступно для просмотра - 1993 |
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adaptation adult forms Anatomie ancestor animal kingdom argued Baer's Baer's law barnacle Barrett biological capitulation Carpenter Carus century Charles Darwin Chicago Comparative Physiology conception creatures crustaceans Darwin's theory Darwinian descent developmental doctrine edition embryo embryogenesis embryological Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere Ernst Haeckel Essay evidence evolutionary theory fetus fish fossil Francis Darwin Georges Cuvier German Goethe Goethe's Gould gradual Haller higher historians human Hunterian Lectures Huxley's Ibid ideas individual Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck Joseph Henry Green Kant Lamarck larvae London Louis Agassiz Lyell mammals Meckel ment natural selection naturalists naturelle Naturphilosophie Notebook notion Oken organs Origin of Species Owen's Philosophie principle of recapitulation progenitors progressive recapitulation theory Richard Owen Schelling Schriften zur Naturwissenschaft scientific Serres species change species evolution stages structure Swammerdam tail term evolution theory of evolution theory of species Thomas Henry Huxley Tiedemann tion traits transmutation Treviranus unity University Press vols Wellcome Institute Library Zootomie