REMARKS ON THE ST. MARTIN, ISLE JESUS, METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER

Rain fell on 8 days, amounting to 1.132 inches; it was raining 18 hours and 15 minutes, and was accompanied by thunder on 2 days.

Most prevalent wind, S.W.

Least prevalent wind, E.

Most windy day, the 22nd day; mean miles per hour, 9.62.

Least windy day, the 2nd day; Calm.

The Eclipse of the Moon was visible.

The Electrical state of the Atmosphere has indicated high intensity.

Fire flies (Lampyris Corusca) 1st seen 11th day.

REMARKS ON THE ST. MARTIN, ISLE JESUS, METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER

Rain fell on 12 days, amounting to 3.767 inches; it was raining 35 hours and 6 minutes, and was accompanied by thunder on 5 days.

Most prevalent wind, the S. W.

Least prevalent wind, the S.

Most windy day, the 6th; mean miles per hour, 11.81.

Least windy day, the 31st; mean miles per hour, 0.37.

The Electrical state of the Atmosphere has indicated moderate intensity.

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL

NEW SERIES.

No. XLII.-NOVEMBER, 1862.

NOTES ON PASSAGES IN THE PLATONIC DIALOGUES.

BY THE REV. GEORGE PAXTON YOUNG, M.A.,
PROFESSOR OF LOGIC AND METAPHYSICS IN KNOX COLLEGE, TORONTO.

NOTE I.

Αλλα μεν δη διοτι φιλειται ύπο θεων, φιλουμενον ἐστι και θεοφιλες [το fcopiles].-(Euthryphro. § 12. Bekker).

The last two words, which I have enclosed within brackets, have been added on pure conjecture-" de sola Bastii conjectura," as Stallbaum writes. They have been received by Bekker into his text; and Stallbaum, in a long note, endeavours to prove, that, without the addition, the passage has no tolerable meaning. I venture to think, however, that the emendators of the text are here in the wrong; and that the proposed addition, instead of being necessary, mars the sense of the passage.

To shew this, it will be sufficient to indicate the line of thought in that part of the dialogue where the sentence under consideration occurs. Euthyphro has given a definition of holiness as "that which is loved by the gods;" in other words, the doctrine has been laid down, that, to be God-loved (copies), and to be holy (dotov), are interchangeable expressions. Against this view Socrates directs a battery of argument, as follows:

A. 1. An object of love is not loved, because it is a loved thing (ουχ ότι φιλουμενον ἐστι, φιλειται).

2. But it is a loved thing, because it is loved (óti piλeitai, φιλουμενον).

B. 1. With reference to holiness in particular, it is loved by the Gods because it is holy (διοτι ἀρα ὅσιον ἐστι, φιλειται). 2. Its being loved by the Gods is not what makes it holy (ουχ ότι φιλειται, δια τουτο όσιον ἐστιν).—The circumstance of its being loved by the Gods makes it merely (A. 2) a God-loved thing ('Αλλα μεν δη διοτι φιλειται υπο θεων, φιλουμενον ἐστι και θεοφιλες).-This is the sentence which is supposed to need emendation. But, taking it, as I have done, without Bast's supplement, its effect is to throw a fuller light upon the negative statement, that the circumstance of holiness being loved by the Gods is not what makes it holy, by shewing positively that this circumstance makes holiness God-loved (@copies), and nothing

more.

C. Hence it follows that the holy and the God-loved are not (as Euthryphro's definition implied) the same. For, on supposition of their being the same (è ye tåvtov ýv), a twofold contradiction arises.

First, it has been granted (B. 1) that the holy is loved because it is holy. But, by hypothesis, the holy and the God-loved are the same. Substitute, therefore, God-loved for holy in the proposition (B. 1) just quoted; and the proposition will become-the God-loved is loved because it is God-loved: which is at variance with A. 1. (Ει γε ταὐτὸν ἦν, ω φιλε Ευθύφρον, το θεοφιλές και το όσιον, ἐι μεν δια το όσιον ειναι ἐφιλειτο το όσιον, και δια το θεοφιλες ειναι ἐφιλεῖτο ἀν το θεόφιλες).

Again, it has been granted (A. 2) that the Godloved is God-loved because it is loved by the Gods. This proposition, by the substitution of holy for Godloved, according to the hypothesis of the identity of To ὅσιον with το θεοφιλες, becomes the holy is holy because it is loved by the Gods: which is at variance with B. 2. (Ει δε δια το φιλεισθαι ὑπο θεων το θεοφιλες θεοφιλες ἦν και το όσιον ἂν δια το φιλεισθαι όσιον ήν).