competent authority, without hesitation or delay. For this purpose drill of some kind is very valuable. and in the present conditions, where our country's manhood is likely to be called upon to defend our country's life as well as her honor, military drill seems to be clearly indicated. The man who has not learned how to submit himself can hardly be said truly to possess himself.

In the third place, I think it needful and highly probable that a greater sense of reality is coming into all the religious service of our educational institutions. This, of course, should always be entirely voluntary. And if we can succeed in making it real,

it will become practically universal. When war comes men cannot be satisfied with any religion which is formal or superficial. They must have a faith which goes down to the bottom of things, and reaches up to the top of things, and stands the wear and tear of every-day danger, hardship and sacrifice.

If the war helps our educational institutions to make some substantial advance along these lines, it will bring great compensations for the sorrows and trials which are its inevitable accompaniment.

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the workman to toil not more than eight hours daily for six days in the week, and carrying this injunction to the extent that no man shall labor more than forty-eight hours a week. The laborer is allowed to work more than eight hours in a single day, but the sum total of his weekly toil, must be kept within the forty-eight hours, assuring a rest day. As a Uruguayan expressed it "we believe in a rhythmic round of toil which makes it possible to have five-sixths of the population working every day in the week, and one-sixth resting."

We found the independence of this nation asserting itself in the new improvement works relative to the docks at which the numerous vessels discharge their cargo. Because of the lack of wharfage it has been customary for boats to discharge their cargoes by means of lighters, and the lighterage company for many years has been doing a large and lucrative business with a four million dollar investment in this excellent port. The Government with one brave stroke has spent recently twenty-five million dollars for the construction of new dockage which will accommodate fifteen vessels at one time. A severe fight was brought on thereby with the lighterage company and the contest was carried as far as London, a kind of boycott being installed against this port for a time with the hope that the Government would yield to the powerful arguments of the rich lighterage company.

During our interview with DR. VIERA, the Republic's President, we learned of a unique arrangement in this country by which a student can pass from the kindergarten stage to the last moment of graduate work in

the best technical school or University, without paying one penny for his tuition, text-books even being provided by the State. On this question of education PRESIDENT VIERA revealed much enthusiasm being justly proud of the nation's schools for adults founded in 1907 and placed under the public school administration, also gratuitous and open both day and night, the school for backward children and the school for the professional training of working girls, directed by teachers educated for the purpose in Europe and North America. The national school of arts and trades carried directly in line with the national industries. the department of secondary and preparatory instruction exclusively for women, the Dean of which department is a woman, and all of the professors are likewise women the departmental lyceum in the eighteen departments of the Republic, and the special public lecturer, which resembles the public lecture plan in connection with the public schools in the States, in addition to the regular educational features. tention was also called to the national orchestra, consisting of sixty musicians who during the months of April and May give daily concerts in one of the principle theatres of the capitol and in addition visit cities of the interior for concert work. The original value of this orchestra is aimed at the development of creative activity on the part of national composers, whose works are especially used by these musicians. An experimental school of dramatic art founded by the Italian actress, JACINTA PEZZANA renders four performances a week, each of which is free, the expenses being borne entirely by the State.

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There are other things interesting to the foreigner concerning the President of the Republic of Uruguay in addition to his loyalty to education.

One's first impression of this gentleman is to the effect that he is one of the stoutest gentleman he has ever seen in his life. In fact he is often compared with EX-PRESIDENT TAFT in this regard, though we doubt much whether PROFESSOR TAFT even before his successful activities in reduction, equalled PRESIDENT VIERA'S physical proportions.

Since it is a law in Uruguay that the Executive power of the Republic cannot succeed himself without an intervening four years, the visitor will be told that the former President of Rooseveltian energy and tendencies, JOSE BATTLE Y ORDONEZ, searched among his friends for a man sufficiently adaptable to carry out his plans and hold his seat until he could again be elected as President. In DOCTOR VIERA he fixed upon a man who proved capable, not only of fully occupying the large chair of state in the Government palace, but who also has shown signs of individual independence which it is said is not altogether pleasing to the former Executive. DR. VIERA's present popularity with the people has led those politicians who seemed to desire him simply as a figure head, to become somewhat nervous. During our visit to Montevideo we were invited to attend in one of the large theatres a meeting of appreciation arranged in honor of the President at which hundreds of Uruguayans gathered to hear speeches and unite in vast applause on behalf of the Republic's present leader.

The discrimination of DR. VIERA

came out when we asked concerning his attitude towards immigration and the labor problems of his country.

"To be sure we want immigration here, but we want additional population of the right kind. Uruguay does not possess facilities and resources for manufacturing because of her lack of coal, wood and iron. The Republic has on the other hand tremendous resources for the raising of live stock and also for agricultural development. It is necessary to have our recruits chosen with a view to the kind of work which the nation needs. We do not require the vast influx of laboring population which Argentine and the United States, for example, have been receiving, since the time is not ripe for them and furthermore they would find little congenial to their abilities in Uruguay.'

As we had been impressed with the lack of horses or horse raising in Uruguay which we had somehow connected with this Republic, we inquired as to why Uruguay did not devote herself to the horse raising industry. It was brought out in reply that in the time of revolutions of which Uruguay had had her share in former days, but which were now things of the past, the revolutionists who were successful had a disagreeable habit of seizing the horses as a legitimate prey, which was naturally a discouragement to the farmer along this line of industry.

A somewhat unique feature of government is brought to the attention of the investigator in Uruguay in the collegiate Presidency. This plan which was strongly promulgated by DR. VIERA's predecessor called for seven presidents instead of one.

"What," we inquired, "was the advantage which was expected to accrue from such an arrangement?"

"The idea was to prevent the usurpation of power by one man whose views and procedure were practically unknown to the electorate previous to his occupation of the Presidency. For example, the incoming President of Argentine is somewhat of an experiment, the people hardly knowing just what is going to happen when the untried man of a new party comes into power. This creates an uncertainty in business and it is thought that if several men occupied the Executive leadership of the country, the plan would make for stability and national certainty."

The first consideration of such a plan impresses one with considerable doubt as to any gain accruing to a Republic in the way of unity or certainty by having seven men trying to run things rather than one, and the generally accepted belief that DR. VIERA is a far less firm adherent to this policy than was his predecessor increases our confidence in his judgment.

We were interested furthermore to ask the President the question which we have been placing before other chief Executives and business men of these South American states.

"What is your opinion concerning trade with the United States? Will the present business which the Uruguayans are carrying on with America largely because it is impossible at present to trade with Europe, continue after the war?"

"We like the Americans" responded the President, "and we should like to trade with you, but the traditions and customs of doing business

here are similar to those in other South American Republics and the manufacturers of the United States do not seem to understand these conditions, or at least they have not shown signs of adapting themselves to our modes of buying and receiving goods from abroad. There are many complaints at present from our people regarding shipments, packing, and manner of payment. It will depend largely upon the United States whether the bulk of the trade now being carried on with you is continued after the war. It is my private opinion that unless some radical changes are made, this trade will return to Europe. Our people are by language and sentiment sympathetically united especially with the French, where the Uruguayans go for their holidays, and the easy adjustments which the Germans and the English have made in our favor in the past have formed traditions and associations of long standing. The Latin-American is Deculiarly susceptible to traditions and his conservatism and loyalty to people with whom he has been accustomed to trade are strong forces."

The President of Uruguay impresses one as being like most fat men, exceedingly agreeable and human. We were received in a most unpretentious manner and his kindliness was revealed in his desire to do everything in his power to acquaint us with the real conditions and facts making for a more thoro and friendly understanding between Uruguay and the United States. One receives the impression that like the President of the United States he enjoys the pleasures of private life untrammeled with the cares of office. One is told that among the diversions is that of joining a