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Botocudo tribe of Indians, which vegetate on the western coast, and in the vast Brazilian tracts of South America. The fashion among these people consists in cutting a large horizontal slit in the lower lip, parallel to the opening of the lips, and penetrating into the mouth, in which they wear ornaments of different kinds, but generally oval pieces of wood a little concave on the two surfaces, and grooved at the edge. The smallest of these additional mouths, seen by Vancouver, was 2 inches long; the largest 3 inches by 1. One of these lip ornaments, brought to this country by Captain Dixon, measured 37 inches by 2. It was inlaid with a small pearly shell, and surrounded by a rim of copper. The natives of the neighbouring Fox Islands unite all kinds of these personal embellishments. They make three incisions in the under lip, and place in the middle one a flat bone, or a small coloured stone, and in each of the side ones a long pointed piece of bone, which bends and reaches almost to the ears. They likewise make a hole through the gristle of the nose, into which they put a small piece of bone in such a manner as to keep their nostrils extended, and not unfrequently pierce holes in the ear, and wear in them any little ornaments which they can procure.

The arctic regions of the New World are represented by two fine Arctic white bears, one of them being the largest which has probably ever been seen, and was brought to this country by Captain Inglefield for the directors of the Crystal Palace, upon his return from his recent voyage in search of Sir John Franklin and his missing gallant crew. Near the bears are two Arctic silver foxes, the skins of which are worth an almost fabulous sum, when manufactured into cloaks for Russian noblemen. The skin of this particular fox is valued at forty guineas, and a cloak made of these skins, exhibited in the Russian department of the late Great Exhibition, was valued at no less a sum than 5,000Z. There are also four small curious-looking Esquimaux dogs, and near them a group of the natives of that desolate region. It is a curious fact that nearly 6,000,000 of skins and furs are imported into this country, a very large proportion of the more expensive of which are immediately re-exported. We import 50,000 red foxes' skins, 4,000 cross foxes, 1,000 of these silver foxes, 11,000 fisher skins, 17,500 otter skins, 15,000 wolf skins, 1,200 wolverines, 1,200 skunks, and 100 skins of the sea otter, not one of which is consumed at home.

THE CRYSTAL FOUNTAIN.

In the centre of the natural history collection, and in the ornamental basin, will be noticed the world-famed Crystal Fountain, now the property of the Directors of the People's Palace. The glass is of the purest and most brilliant crystal, weighing upwards of four tons. Its curving palm-like leaves are among the largest

of the kind ever manufactured, and the whole is a remarkable example of skilful manipulation associated with and guided by great good taste. The visitor who has not before gazed upon this beautiful work of art, will be able to realize something of those tales of enchantment which, in his earlier days, have been associated with crystal fountains. Thanks to the exertions and enterprise of Mr. Osler of Birmingham, these beauties of poetry have been embodied, and have been made tangible and visible to the admiring gaze of thousands. This fountain is the most appropriate orna ment that could be devised for a Crystal Palace, and standing beneath the noble roof of glass, one cannot but feel that the most glowing descriptions of the "stately dome" of Khubla Khan

"A miracle of rare device,

A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice"-

have been completely dwarfed by the great reality with which the visitor is surrounded.

The principal dish of the Crystal Fountain is eight feet in diameter, and, before cutting, it weighed upwards of one ton, while the shells around the base each weigh fifty pounds. The height of the fountain is 24 feet, and it is supported by metallic framing, the surfaces of which, however, being silvered over, are not visible. The difficulties to be overcome in the casting and construction of such a work as this can only be fully appreciated by those conversant with the critical nature of the annealing and moulding of large masses of glass. Many of these difficulties were overcome by Messrs. Osler and Co., by the experience which they had obtained in the manufacture, a few years since, of two colossal glass candelabra for the Pacha of Egypt-a country from the sands of which it was, according to great authorities, that the crystal metal first flowed.

THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND.

On the request of the Directors of the Crystal Palace, the Commissioners of Woods and Forests have consented to lend the company the principal portion of the models made by Mr. John Thomas, for the statues intended for the New Houses of Parliament; and these have been placed in the various niches of a screen, designed by Mr. Digby Wyatt, at the south end of the building. Over the large archway in the centre will be seen a fine statue of her Majesty, with an angel upon each side, bearing ribbons with various loyal mottos. The statue, of which this is the model, is now in the large tower of the New Palace at Westminster. The other niches in the screen are intended to receive all the models made for the statues for the central and St. Stephen's Hall of the New Palace-sixty in number-and

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representing the sovereigns who have occupied the English throne, from William the Conqueror to William IV. both inclusive. Up to the present time, however, only forty of the models have been completed, but the niches in the screen have been filled up with models of the Saxon kings, and the first and last king under the Heptarchy. At the ends of the screen will be seen figureseighteen in number-made for the Victoria Tower, which represent the House of Brunswick. Some time since it may be remembered the question was very warmly discussed whether Oliver Cromwell should have a statue among the sovereigns of England; it was finally decided in the negative, and the claims of the Protector of the Commonwealth to a niche among the sovereigns of England have not been recognized by the Royal Commissioners. Though Cromwell has no statue at Westminster, the admirers of the stern Puritan chief will have an opportunity of seeing that justice has been done at the Crystal Palace to the memory of one who, despite his failings and his faults, has been justly described by the greatest of living historians, Macaulay, as "the greatest prince that ever ruled England,"-one who, by his valour, genius, and patriotism, had done as much, or more than any crowned or anointed monarch, to make the name of England illustrious, and to cause its power to be feared and respected by every other nation, whether of haughty foes or commercial rivals. The figure of Oliver was designed and modelled by Mr. John Thomas, and presented by him to the Directors of the Crystal Palace, in order that the guiding spirit of one of the most memorable and important epochs of our history should not be unrepresented in this congress of English sovereigns.

THE TERRACES, FOUNTAINS, AND PARK.

THE visitor will now leave the building by the south transept, or by the wings, for the purpose of exploring the 200 acres of park, pleasure grounds, ornamental basins, and terraces, which Sir Joseph Paxton, ably assisted by Mr. Milner, has prepared for purposes of healthful recreation and instruction in botanical science. The princely patronage of such noblemen as the Duke of Devonshire, the Duke of Buccleuch, and others, has of late years contributed immensely to the improvement of the science of gardening, and more particularly to that of landscape gardening. The Italian style of gardening, in which the walks and streams were all stiff, straight, and formal, where

“each alley had a brother, And half the garden just reflects the other,"

was the only one which some years since could be recognized as correct either in taste or design. The gardens of Versailles were considered as the very perfection of excellence, and they were held up as objects of emulation to all who aspired to the possession of the luxury of a fine garden. According to this style, parterres and flower beds were required to "be embroidered" according to an old writer"in patterns like a petticoat ;" and in the celebrated garden of the great Marshal de Biron at Paris, every walk and flower bed was fancifully "buttoned" with two or more rows of red flowerpots. Under such a system the compass and square became of more importance than the gardener. The venerable oak, the romantic beech, the useful elm, the aspiring lime, the regular form of the chestnut, and the beautifully moulded orange tree, were tortured into all manner of fantastic and tasteless shapes, by admirers of a false system of symmetry; shady groves of trees, with their branching and luxuriant foliage, were changed into stiff and shapeless rows which appeared like huge green chests set upon bare poles. Seats of marble and summer houses terminated with the utmost geometrical exactness every vista, and the only semblance of life besides the powdered beau and hooped embroidered belle, who trod with stilted step these formal walks, was the splashing of some fountain, the spray from which served to refresh the panting promenaders. Sir Joseph Paxton has long since abandoned the path of tame servility, and at Chatsworth he has set all the cut and dried rules of his predecessors at most successful defiance, and in laying out the grounds at Sydenham he has shown not only how readily he can take advantage of the natural undulations of the surface to produce the pleasing and picturesque effects of an English landscape, but also with what ease he can produce all the magnificence of a terraced, and the choicest examples of an Italian style.

The series of terraces, which are constructed in the best Italian style, may for extent and magnificence successfully vie with any that exist in the present day, or which were probably ever constructed. The building communicates with the upper of these terraces by means of bold and magnificent flights of granite steps, one at each transept, and one at each wing. The front of the terrace is extended by ten bastions 24 feet square, occurring at intervals of 96 feet, the length of the terrace being 1,608 feet. There is a walk along this terrace of the breadth of 48 feet. The pillars which divide the balustrades of the terrace into compartments of 24 feet, are surmounted by statues and tazzas, a statue being placed at each angle of the bastions, and a tazza at intervals of 24 feet. A double flight of fifteen granite steps 96 feet in width, ornamented at each side with a pair of colossal sphynxes, 14 feet in length and 7 feet in height, leads up to the great central transept. At the north and south transepts and wings, the flight of steps is 48 feet in width, and upon each side is placed a single sphynx. The ground immediately in front of the building is

formed into a grassy slope rising from the walk up to the building.

The lower terrace is 344 feet wide, exclusive of the bastions; it extends along the whole frontage of the building, and is continued for a distance of 72 feet round each wing, the entire length being 1,896 feet, or one-third of a mile and 46 yards. In the centre of this terrace are four bastions, 48 feet by 96 feet each; the end bastion enclosing the wing is 72 feet by 192, and the balustrades are ornamented in the same manner as that of the upper terrace with statues and tazzas. This terrace communicates with the upper one by a central double flight of 18 and 16 steps, 96 feet in width, and two others of 48 feet wide at the ends. A larger portion of the front of the terrace is formed of masonry divided into compartments of 24 feet wide, in each of which are three alcoves, the basins of which will be kept constantly supplied with water from dolphins' heads placed in the upper part of the alcove. The water flowing over these basins is received in a basin or general reservoir which extends the whole distance between the bastions.

On each side of the central walk leading up to the building, there is a large parallelogram-shaped bed, with the farthest angle struck off by the quadrant of a circle. In the centre of this grass plot, is a regular formed basin 120 feet by 48 feet, having, in the centre of each of its four sides, a semicircular extension twelve feet in radius. Around the outer edging is formed a succession of small circular beds ornamented alternately with tazzas, flowers, and the graceful araucaria or Chilian pine, first introduced into this country by Sir Joseph Banks. Beyond these plots, and upon each side, is a regular-shaped sunken grass plot, having in its centre an octagonal basin 72 feet in diameter, with a semicircular extension of eight feet radius, springing from the centre of each of the eight sides. Along the twelve-foot margin of this sunk plot, a similar alternate arrangement of tazzas and flower beds is carried out, statues being placed at each of the angles. At each end of the terrace, we come to a third grass plot, having in the centre a square basin, the sides of which are 56 feet in length, the semicircular extensions on the sides being 12 feet radius. From each wing, a flight of steps, 32 feet wide, leads to the 48 feet gravel walk which runs along the whole front of this terrace.

Descending again a third flight of granite steps, we arrive at the level from which the surface falls gradually away, on each side of the central walk, with the natural landscape and surface formation of the grounds. Between the upper and lower terraces, there is a fall of fifteen feet, and from the foot of the third flight of steps, the entire fall from the base line of the building is 42 feet 6 inches. The visitor will now continue along this central 96 feet walk a distance of 288 feet, with handsome balustrades on each side, and statues and tazzas at frequent intervals, till he arrives at a circular basin 200 feet in diameter, surrounded entirely by a gravel walk of 48 feet in width. The whole of this circle, the

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