Living Prototypes: The Key to New TechnologyDirectorate of Advanced Systems Technology, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command, U.S. Air Force, 1961 - Всего страниц: 499 |
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Стр. 15
... cells ( some ten billion ) would not fit into the Empire State Building , and would require the entire output of Niagara Falls to supply the power and the Niagara River to cool it . Moreover , such a computer could operate but a ...
... cells ( some ten billion ) would not fit into the Empire State Building , and would require the entire output of Niagara Falls to supply the power and the Niagara River to cool it . Moreover , such a computer could operate but a ...
Стр. 16
... cells is undoubtedly too low . However , on the horizon are techniques involving the use of evaporated films where the details of the machine would not be visible under an optical microscope [ 12 ] . seems reasonable to expect that it ...
... cells is undoubtedly too low . However , on the horizon are techniques involving the use of evaporated films where the details of the machine would not be visible under an optical microscope [ 12 ] . seems reasonable to expect that it ...
Стр. 44
... cells , yet it covers the frequency range of the bat . And incidentally , by far the best microphone for picking up bat cries can be made by attaching elec- trodes to the nerve leading from this moth's ear . The story on sensory ...
... cells , yet it covers the frequency range of the bat . And incidentally , by far the best microphone for picking up bat cries can be made by attaching elec- trodes to the nerve leading from this moth's ear . The story on sensory ...
Стр. 45
... cell is stored the pattern on which an additional copy of the organism can be built . We know nothing about the code by ... cells . It stands as another aspect of the great challenge of the biological sciences . Its implications are so ...
... cell is stored the pattern on which an additional copy of the organism can be built . We know nothing about the code by ... cells . It stands as another aspect of the great challenge of the biological sciences . Its implications are so ...
Стр. 51
... cell with its branches . Signals come to it from various sources . They may end on and excite the cell body or they may end on or among the dendrites , in which case they inhibit . This cell has a threshold . It may be that this ...
... cell with its branches . Signals come to it from various sources . They may end on and excite the cell body or they may end on or among the dendrites , in which case they inhibit . This cell has a threshold . It may be that this ...
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automata basilar membrane behavior binary biological Bionics Boolian brain cells F circuit coding complex components consider contains a jot corresponding curve device discussed dual spaces electronic elements equation example experiment experimental fibers Figure filter formal neuron frequency gain human Information Theory input configuration input lines Integral Geometry intelligence lattice learning light intensity linear logical function loop machine many-valued logical mathematical matrix McCulloch measure mechanism modules nerve nets noise Nyquist stability criterion obtained open-loop organ oscillations output panel parameters pattern recognition Perceptron performed photocell polypheck possible Probabilistic Logics probability vector problem properties pupil area pupil system pupil unrest random redundancy reliability represented response retina scheme servomechanism Sheffer stroke shown signal simple space stability map Symposium theorem theory threshold operator tion transfer function triplet network V₁ variables vector Venn diagram
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Стр. 83 - This work was supported in part by the US Army (Signal Corps), the US Air Force (Office of Scientific Research, Air Research and Development Command), and the US Navy (Office of Naval Research); and in part by the National Science Foundation.
Стр. 13 - -to quote his own words " against the ultimate development of mechanical consciousness, in the fact of machines possessing little consciousness now. A mollusc has not much consciousness. Reflect upon the extraordinary advance which machines have made during the last few hundred years, and note how slowly the animal and vegetable kingdoms are advancing. The more highly organized machines are creatures not so much of yesterday, as of the last five...
Стр. 13 - A bird is an instrument working according to mathematical law, which instrument it is within the capacity of man to reproduce with all its movements, but not with a corresponding degree of strength, though it is deficient only in the power of maintaining equilibrium. We may therefore say that such an instrument constructed by man is lacking in nothing except the life of the bird, and this life must needs be supplied from that of man.
Стр. 15 - The human memory is a filing system that has a far greater capacity than that of the largest thinking machine built. A mechanical brain that had as many tubes or relays as the human brain has nerve cells (some ten billion) would not fit into the Empire State Building, and would require the entire output of Niagara Falls to supply the power and the Niagara River to cool it.
Стр. 16 - Instead, observe that thinking is a continuum, an n-dimensional continuum. This notion is certainly not new, for it has existed since man first compared his mental abilities with another man's, and it is implicit in all of the positive arguments on machine intelligence. Psychologists long ago developed "intelligence quotient...
Стр. 14 - A computer is not a giant brain, in spite of what some of the Sunday supplements and science fiction writers would have you believe. It is a remarkably fast and phenomenally accurate moron" (Andree, 1958). 5, The Argument by False Attribution Typical of this type of argument is the following: The Manchester machine which was set to solve chess problems presumably proceeded by this method, namely by reviewing all the possible consequences of all possible moves. This, incidentally, reveals...
Стр. 33 - Before closing, a comment on the question "when?" It is one thing to say it is possible to push machine capabilities way out in the continuum of intelligence, but it is another thing to say when. It was over four hundred years from da Vinci to the Wright brothers. But the sands of time in the scientific world have been flowing much more rapidly of late. Advances now made in a decade compare with earlier steps which took a century. Few would have believed in 1950 that man would hit the moon with a...
Стр. 21 - ... sins of the positivists." Exaggerated claims of accomplishments, particularly from the publicity departments of computer manufacturers, have resulted in such a strong reaction within the scientific community that many swing too far in the opposite direction. Da Vinci and Flying At this point allow me to paraphrase the quotation of da Vinci's, with which this paper was begun, and also, with the benefit of hindsight, expand on it somewhat. Thus, he might have said: When men understood the natural...
Стр. 38 - The Next Advance in Operations Research, Journal of the Operations Research Society of America, Vol 6, no.
Стр. 461 - The MIT systems of automatic coding: Comprehensive, summer session, and algebraic,