The Background of Ecology: Concept and TheoryCambridge University Press, 26 сент. 1986 г. - Всего страниц: 383 The Background of Ecology is a critical and up-to-date review of the origins and development of ecology, with emphasis on the major concepts and theories shared in the ecological traditions of plant and animal ecology, limnology, and oceanography. The work traces developments in each of these somewhat isolated areas and identifies, where possible, parallels or convergences among them. Dr McIntosh describes how ecology emerged as a science in the context of nineteenth-century natural histor |
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Содержание
Antecedents of ecology | 1 |
A transformed natural history | 4 |
What is ecology? | 6 |
Sources of ecology seen by biologists | 9 |
Sources of ecology seen by historians | 11 |
Who founded ecology? | 19 |
Selfconscious ecology | 21 |
The crystallization of ecology | 28 |
Physiological ecology and population ecology | 147 |
Definition and antecedents of population ecology | 150 |
Population census and survey | 153 |
Theoretical population ecology | 171 |
Theoretical ecology competition and equilibrium | 178 |
Ecosystem ecology systems ecology and big biology | 193 |
Ecosystem ecology | 203 |
Systems ecology | 209 |
Nuclei for ecology | 34 |
Plant ecology physiology and plant geography | 39 |
Marine ecology | 49 |
Limnology | 57 |
Terrestrial animal ecology | 61 |
The institutionalization of ecology | 66 |
Dynamic ecology | 69 |
Early community and equilibrium concepts | 71 |
Dynamic plant ecology | 76 |
Animal community dynamics | 85 |
Aquatic communities | 93 |
Paleoecology | 98 |
Equilibrium | 104 |
Quantitative community ecology | 107 |
Marine biology | 110 |
Limnology | 120 |
Terrestrial plant ecology | 127 |
Problems of quantitative community ecology | 138 |
Population ecology | 146 |
The International Biological Program | 213 |
Systems analysis | 221 |
Recent ecosystem ecology | 234 |
Theoretical approaches to ecology | 242 |
The revolution in theoretical ecology | 243 |
Ecologists as philosophers | 247 |
Ecological theory and evolution | 256 |
Community theory | 263 |
Ecological laws and principles | 267 |
Theoretical mathematical ecology | 276 |
Ecology and environment | 289 |
Ecology and the conservation movement | 292 |
Nature preserves and surveys | 298 |
Human ecology | 301 |
Ecology and the environmental movement | 308 |
324 | |
Name index | 373 |
378 | |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
19th century Allee American animal communities animal ecology approach aquatic aspects asserted attributes biology biotic Birge Botanical botanists British Clements's climax commented commonly community ecology competition concept concern Darwin described distribution dynamic E. P. Odum ecol Ecological Society ecological theory ecologists ecosys ecosystem ecology Egerton Elton emphasis environment environmental equilibrium evolution evolutionary experimental factors fisheries forest Gause genetics gists habitat Haeckel Hensen history of ecology holistic human ecology Hutchinson ideas laboratory lake laws limnologists limnology Lindeman Lotka major mathematical models methods natural history niche number of individuals number of species organisms philosophical physical physiology plankton plant and animal plant community plant ecology population ecology principles problems productivity quantitative recognized relation reviewed S. A. Forbes sampling scientific Shelford Slobodkin Society of America studies succession surveys systems analysis systems ecology Tansley terrestrial animal terrestrial plant theoretical ecology tion Tobey tradition trophic vegetation wrote zoologists