$710,790 and total value of products $1,356,017. Number of manufacturing establishments 75, capital $297,876, wages paid $40,195, cost of materials $143,854 and total value of products $277,465. The population in 1900 consisted of whites 13,297, colored 8,659, total 21,956, increase over the year 1890, 1,916; estimated population in 1906, was 25,000. Manufactures, especially in the city of Tupelo, have increased at a rapid rate, and in the city alone there has been invested at least $500,000 in manufacturing industries in the last five years. The total assessed valuation of real and personal property in the county in 1905 was $3,308,452 and in 1906 it was $4,776,623, showing an increase during the year of $1,268,171. Under a special drainage act by the Legislature, Lee county was empowered to drain about 25,000 acres of swamp and overflow lands along Town, Mud, Twenty Mile, Coonewah and Chiwappah creeks. Over 60 miles of ditches were excavated and the lands brought into cultivation have become the most fertile in the county. These lands were thereby increased in value from $2 to $50 and $60 per acre. Land values in Lee county have rapidly advanced in the last five years and realty that could have been bought for $2 to $5 per acre, is now readily sold at $10 to $30 an acre. Artesian water is found in various parts of the county and flowing wells are to be seen in almost every locality. Within the last six years the banks in Lee county have increased from two to seven in number.

Lee, Stephen Dill, was born at Charleston, S. C., Sept. 22, 1833, of patriotic lineage. His great-grandfather, William Lee, was one of 40 leading citizens of Charleston whose devotion to the Continental cause was punished by imprisonment on a prison ship and transportation to St. Augustine, Fla. His grandfather, Thomas Lee, was appointed United States district judge by President Monroe, and was a supporter of President Jackson during the Calhoun nullification period. Stephen D. Lee was graduated at West Point in the class of 1854, and was a first-lieutenant and regimental quartermaster of the 4th U. S. artillery when he resigned in 1861, because of the secession of his State. He was one of the two officers of South Carolina troops sent by Gen. Beauregard to demand the surrender of Fort Sumter, and upon the refusal of this demand he ordered the nearest battery to fire upon the fort. He served as captain of a battery in the Hampton Legion. until November, 1861, when he was made a major of artillery. In the spring of 1862 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and after gaining distinction at Seven Pines and in the Seven Days battles against McClellan, he was given command of the 4th Virginia cavalry. At the opening of the campaign against Pope he was promoted to colonel, and his conduct was such at Second Manassas that President Davis said: "I have reason to believe he served to turn the tide of battle and consummate the victory." At Sharpsburg, with the same command, he was again distinguished. Then it became necessary to reinforce the army in Mississippi with skillful commanders as well as troops for the defense of Vicks

burg, and Gen. R. E. Lee, being asked to select his most efficient artillery officer for transfer, designated Col. S. D. Lee, who was promoted to brigadier-general, Nov. 6, 1862, and assigned to duty in the west. (See Vicksburg, Second campaign; Vicksburg campaign of 1863; Vicksburg, siege of; War of 1861-65; and Army of Tennessee.) He was paroled at Vicksburg, and when exchanged, was promoted August 3, 1863, to major-general and put in command of cavalry; June 23, 1864, was promoted to lieutenant-general and given command of the department of Mississippi, Alabama, East Louisiana and West Tennessee, and after Gen. John B. Hood was put at the head of the army in Georgia, he was called to take command of Hood's corps. He fought the battles of Ezra Church and Jonesboro, near Atlanta, and was in corps command during the subsequent flank movement in north Georgia and the Nashville campaign. In the battle of Nashville he held Overton hill against the enemy's assaults until after the left and center of the army were driven back and, on the next day, his corps, the only one with organizations intact, covered the retreat, repulsing every effort of Wilson's cavalry from dawn till late at night. During this day's fighting Gen. Lee was severely wounded. His last campaign was in North Carolina, where he was paroled with Johnston's army. In February, 1865, he married Regina Harrison, of Columbus, Miss., where he made his home. He was a member of the State senate of 1878, from Lowndes, and a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1890. As president of the Agricultural and Mechanical college, he was of great service to the South, from 1880 until he resigned in 1899 to accept appointment as a member of the Vicksburg National park association. After several years as commander of the Mississippi division United Confederate Veterans, he was made lieutenant-general commanding the department east of the Mississippi, and upon the death of Gen. John B. Gordon he was chosen head of this patriotic order in the United States. He is president of the Mississippi Historical society, and of the board of trustees of the Department of Archives and History. He is the author of "The South Since the War," in the Confederate Military History; a series of papers on the A. & M. college; and a series published in the Historical Society publications, covering the Vicksburg campaigns and siege, and other military subjects.

Leeke, a postoffice of Covington county.

Leesburg, a post-hamlet in the northeastern part of Rankin county, about 15 miles northeast of Brandon, the county seat, and 8 miles north of Pelahatchie, the nearest railroad station and banking town. Population in 1900, 50.

Leeville, a hamlet in the northwestern corner of Lauderdale county, 2 miles east of Battlefield station at the terminus of the Tallahatta Railway spur. It has rural free delivery from Battlefield.

Leflore. An old village in Carroll county which flourished during the 30's. It was a prosperous place when the present city of Green

wood was only known as Williams Landing. It was located about. midway between Carrollton and Greenwood, upon land belonging to Col. Greenwood Leflore. Its first merchant is reputed to have been Uriah Tison. It once supported several stores and a church. When the village of Point Leflore sprang up in the present county of Leflore, only a few miles to the west, Leflore gradually dwindled and died.

Leflore, a postoffice in the southwestern part of Grenada county, on the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley R. R., 17 miles southwest of Grenada, the county seat. It has three stores, a good hotel, a public cotton gin, and a population of 50.

Leflore County was formerly a part of Sunflower, Tallahatchie and Carroll counties (q. v.), and was established March 15, 1871, during the administration of Governor Alcorn, It was directed by the act creating the county, that the county records, together with the buildings and grounds at McNutt, now in Leflore county, should be retained by Leflore (see Sunflower county), and that the county seat should be located at Greenwood. It was named in honor of Greenwood Leflore, the last and most powerful chief of the Choctaws in Mississippi. Located in the northwestern part of the State, it constitutes a long, irregularly shaped district on the eastern side of the fertile Yazoo delta, and has a land surface of 578 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Tallahatchie county, the Yazoo river forming part of the boundary line, on the east by Grenada and Carroll counties, on the south by Holmes county, the Yazoo river again forming part of the boundary line, and on the west by Sunflower county. No section in the State is possessed of greater natural resources and the county ranks among the first in the value of its products. The white population is small, being outnumbered by the colored in the proportion of eight to one. On account of the low, level topography of the region and its moist, warm climate, malarial fevers prevail to some extent. In common, however, with the rest of the Delta region, it is underlaid by an artesian basin, and plenty of pure, cold water can be obtained by drilling wells from 160 to 1,500 feet in depth. This has tended of late years to minimize the dangers from bilious and intermittent fevers. Greenwood, the county seat, was also named in honor of Greenwood Leflore. Greenwood was first called Williams Landing, and was incorporated in 1845 and called Greenwood. It is a place of 6,000 inhabitants, situated in the eastern part of the county on the Yazoo river, 3 miles below where the Tallahatchie and Yalobusha rivers unite to form the Yazoo river. It is on the Southern Ry., and at the junction of two branches of the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley R. R's. It is a manufacturing and shipping point of importance, and two large oil mills, several saw mills and stave mills, a brick factory, machine shops, etc., are located here. Other towns, most of them on the railroad, are Sunnyside, Ittabena, Sidon, Shellmound, Schlater and Philipp. The railroads are the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley, and the Southern, a branch of the latter road running north from Ittabena to Webb, in Tallahatchie

county. Besides the excellent railroad shipping facilities, the Yazoo and Tallahatchie rivers pursue a tortuous course through the center of the county, and are navigable the entire year. Other streams and waters are Howling Wolf Bayou, Turkey Bayou, Bear creek, Lake Henry, and Blue, McIntyre, Mossy and McNutt lakes. The soil is alluvial and extremely fertile and will produce from one to two bales of cotton to the acre and from 30 to 60 bushels of corn. It produces abundantly all the crops common to the Delta region. The timber is large and of great variety, consisting of red-gum, white-oak, black-oak, red-oak and cow-oak, ash, elm, pecan, hickory, tupelo gum, walnut, cypress and many others. The twelfth United States census for 1900, gives the following statistics for the county: Number of farms 4,266, acreage in farms 192,108, acres improved 117,013, value of land exclusive of buildings $3,430,180, value of buildings $658,020, value of live stock $622,761, total value of products $2,032,187. The number of manufacturing establishments was 97, capital $630,005, wages paid $94,817, cost of materials $574,956, total value of products $933,799. The population in 1900 consisted of whites 2,796, colored 21,038, total 23,834, increase of 6,965 over the year 1890. Total population in 1906 is estimated at about 30,000. The total assessed valuation of real and personal property in the county in 1905 was $4,802,540 and in 1906 it was $5,837,563, which shows an increase during the year of $1,035,023. There are 25 white schools and 8 colored schools in the county. There has been a general gain in the development of every phase of business, and in the clearing of farms of at least 333 per cent. since 1900.

LeFlore, Greenwood, was born June 3, 1800, at LeFleur's bluff, near the site of Jackson, Miss., son of Louis LeFleur, a French trader, who came to Mobile in 1792, and in the course of his operations established a station at the bluff on Pearl river that afterward bore his name, and married an Indian girl named Rebecca Cravat. When Greenwood, who got his name in honor of an English sea-captain, once a partner of Louis, was twelve years old, the family moved to a spot now included in Choctaw county, on the Natchez trail northward, where the senior LeFleur kept tav

The place is yet known as French Camp. Maj. John Donly, mail carrier between Nashville and Natchez, took a liking to young Le Flore and carried him to Nashville for schooling. He there fell in love with Donly's daughter and married her. Meanwhile, in 1813, Louis LeFleur had aided in holding the Choctaws for the United States during the war with England, and had served as a major under Chief Pushamataha, who held the rank of colonel. (Mrs. N. D. Deupree, M. H. S. Publ., VII, 141.) Young LeFlore returned home in 1817, a shrewd, ambitious, educated man, with the ability to take an important part in the affairs of the State.

After making the treaty of Doak's Stand in 1820, Gen. Jackson reported: "The application of Greenwood LeFlore to become a citizen of the United States and have his section of land, to in

clude his improvement, secured to him in fee, is believed to be just and reasonable, and ought to be granted. It will, it is presumed, have a good effect, and in a short time induce all those who remain on this side of the Mississippi to petition for the same. privilege." He was granted this privilege by the treaty of Washington, 1825. About the time of the treaty of 1826, (q. v.) which failed in its object, he and David Folsom were elected chiefs, in place of others whom the nation suspected of being friendly to a cession of land.

Subsequently the rights of the nation under the laws of congress were invaded by State laws. He was the regular law maker of his part of the nation, there being three mingoes of the Choctaws, in all, and he endeavored to preserve and restore the ancient virtues of the people by rigorous laws. (See Claiborne, Mississippi, 515.)

A great council of the Choctaw nation met on March 15, 1830, and Greenwood Leflore was unanimously elected chief of the western district, after which he was carried in triumph through the captains and warriors of the other districts, who on the second day, resigned their offices and elected Leflore chief of the whole nation. A discussion of the question of removal followed, and among the speakers were warriors who had fought under Andrew Jackson and Anthony Wayne. The vote was in favor of emigration, and a treaty to that effect was prepared and signed, and sent to Washington by David W. Hailey. Leflore instructed the captains to "execute faithfully the laws of the nation, not in opposition to Mississippi, but in the belief that Mississippi would not interfere when she discovered the Choctaws were endeavoring to get out of her way." (Natchez Galaxy, April 8, 1830.) He was a prominent figure in the treaty of 1830, at Dancing Rabbit Creek and probably saved that conference from failure. He petitioned the convention of 1832 that the new constitution should provide for the citizenship of such Choctaws as chose to remain in the State, "it being the intention . . not to remove to their country beyond the Mississippi, but to remain and demean. themselves as faithful citizens of the State." Le Flore was elected to the legislature of 1835 by Carroll county, and the legislature broke up on the question of admitting him and the other representatives of new counties. In 1841-44 he was a member of the State senate. Through the operations of the treaties and consequent speculations he acquired 15,000 acres of land, much of it the finest in the State, and became a wealthy planter, owning 400 slaves. For his plantation convenience he founded the town of Point LeFlore, at the junction of the Tallahatchie and Yalobusha rivers, established a steam sawmill, opened a road with bridges, that cost him $75,000, and owned a steamer which plied the rivers. His splendid mansion, Malmaison, nine miles east of the city of Greenwood named in his honor, was built in 1854, succeeding an older home built in 1835. He was also head of a syndicate owning large areas of land in Texas. In 1861 he exerted all his influence