The consideration of types has often fallen into dis-esteem, from the excess and the vagaries of those who have advocated their study. When we say excess, we do not mean that the principle has been carried farther than it extends, but that it has been carried out into details which had no previous warrant to authorize them. As has been said above, we shall probably find that the principle really pervades the Old Testament Scripture from beginning to end. We are not to limit the perfection of God's appointments by our own power of appreciating them. We find throughout nature that the laws imposed upon creation produce their beautiful results quite irrespectively of the presence and capacity of man to contemplate them. We sometimes, indeed, satisfied as we are that things are made only for our advantage, treat such unseen displays of power and excellence as so much waste, and it is, therefore, but natural that we should decline to acknowledge any excellencies in Holy Scripture which transcend the purposes of our own immediate study. But we cannot tell what may be all the purposes which Holy Scripture is intended to fulfil; and if we find a principle influencing its construction, it is only philosophical, and accordant with what we find in nature to anticipate that its influence is unlimited, which, indeed, the early fathers did practically believe, for they strove in every place to trace its operation. Excess, however, there may be in our investigations of this subject, if we allow our fancy to wander on in minute investigations, which are not based upon some generally established law of interpretation. Excess also there may be if we lay too much stress upon what we have discovered, as convincing in argument, instead of being, what is its practical value, instructive to piety. Excess again there may be, if we seek to use the types for the establishment of doctrines which are not taught elsewhere in plain language. This leads many into vagaries. Amongst such we may place those tracts called the Teaching of the Types, in which it is sought to erect, by supposed typical analogies, a system of doctrine at variance with the plain language of the Church, and even in contradiction to the interpretation of those same types, as given by S. Paul. Whether people may aim at interpreting types, or deducing philosophical systems from Scripture, we would earnestly impress upon all Biblical students the great importance of reverent and humble piety whilst so engaged. All these devotional exercises which we have seen to be connected with the study of the Old Testament, must depend for their value more upon the humble faith of the reader than upon his critical knowledge or wide reading, whilst at the same time all the powers of the mind may be brought to bear upon the subject.

We consider it a matter of great importance that the Bible student should not be behind-hand with the discoveries which modern science has made illustrative of the times contemporaneous

with the Old Testament writers. Whilst we would have the literal truth of Scripture statements strictly maintained, and the spiritual relation of that history continually regarded as the paramount object of the study, we would have critical learning receive its full share of attention, and the just claims of physical science duly appreciated. It is necessary that we should do so for the sake of ourselves, and for the sake of others. If we refuse to receive such new ideas as science suggests, and flinch from hearing what may militate against some of our preconceived notions, we put our cause at a disadvantage before those who, perhaps, on their side, are equally accustomed to overstate the certainty of physical proof and profane history. But, what is of more consequence, if we neglect any of the means at hand for realizing the truer import of the sacred text, we are neglecting to listen to one of the interpreters whom God has given for our assistance. We must not blame our ancestors if in some points they misread the statements of Scripture upon matters not immediately connected with the analogy of the faith. But all the means of knowledge which GOD puts within our reach He expects us to use. And as one fact after another is established upon the grounds of profane learning, how does it make the simple ancient teaching of Scripture to shine out in glorious contrast. Every discovery tends only to make the accurate truth of Scripture more apparent. Few things can give a simple-minded Christian greater pleasure than to see the way in which words which, as a child, he spake unthinkingly, are found out to have reference to great and splendid events, indicating revolutions of empire of which he never had formed an imagination.

We would desire to have the natural truth of the Old Testament as clearly realised as circumstances will allow. But we would also have its supernatural objects steadfastly remembered, otherwise we shall be doing dishonour to its supernatural origin. The fault we find with Mr. Maurice is not because of his trying to form a philosophical picture of the subjects discussed, but because he exalts the natural into the place of the supernatural. The sentiments and cravings of our nature are indeed Divine gifts, but they are fallen through our sin, and we must not confound them with the new gifts which come to us from GoD as a result of the mediation of CHRIST. This is the paramount principle of religion which the Old Testament as well as the New is intended to illustrate and enforce, viz., that GOD has established a covenant with man at the hands of a mediator, and that mediator is His only begotten SoN. The Old Testament is indeed a treasure-house of ancient history, and of moral philosophy, and of political science, and of sublime poetry, but its chief office, and that which all classes of readers must strive to make use of it for, is simply what S. Paul himself has told us; "The law was" and is "our schoolmaster to bring us to CHRIST."

REVIEWS AND NOTICES.

Education: Speech of the Right Honourable J. W. Henley, M.P., in the House of Commons, on Wednesday, May the 3rd, on moving that the Bill for the better promoting National Education be read this day six months. Masters.

THIS is one of the most sensible statements on the subject of education that we ever remember to have met with. It well deserves separate publication, as we understand that it produced a very powerful effect upon the House of Commons. No subject has been so much the victim of statistics and theory as this of education. The truth is, that the Church aided by its parasite, Dissent, is really quite able to educate, and is now almost educating, the people of this country, in so far as its social condition will permit the children of the lower classes to be educated. If schools do not now actually exist, they are in the way speedily to exist, sufficient in number and efficiency for the purpose. At all events, a

little further encouragement from the State would supply all that is wanting. The chief difficulty is, to make the children attend. But the difficulty is not (as many imagine or represent,) arising from theological differences, but from the social condition of the poor. They are too poor, or too careless, to send their children to school. It is to removing this difficulty that legislation should be directed. Boards of Guardians might do much. They might pay for the education of the children of all such parents as receive parish relief. The Legislature might do more. First, it might make it a statutable offence upon the parent, when children between the age of seven and ten are not at school and we believe that nothing short of this will meet the necessities of the case. And secondly, it might instruct Her Majesty's Inspectors to furnish a list of all such places as have failed to furnish necessary instruction for the children of their poor inhabitants: and then, if after a full twelvemonth's notice given, the requisite steps are not taken, it might authorize and require the Court of Quarter Sessions to assess and levy a rate upon the owners and holders of property, both for building and maintaining a school or schools; the appointment of the master or mistress being given to the Inspector of the district. This would be a really efficient measure. It would also leave all existing schools intact, and create as little new machinery as possible. We trust that the Speech will obtain a wide circulation.

Spiritual Progress. Four Sermons, preached in Exeter College Chapel Oxford: by G. H. CURTEIS, M.A., Fellow and Catechist. J. H.

Parker.

THESE Sermons possess very considerable merit. The title that the author has chosen, however, is an entire misnomer. They have nothing at all to do with "Spiritual Progress." What they really are intended

to show, and do very satisfactorily show, is, that Revelation is based upon, coincides with, and is the perfecting both of natural religion, and of true ethical philosophy. This is not very high ground perhaps, to take. But when it is the fashion with not a few to put these forward as substitutes for religion, having first decked them out with beauties stolen from Revelation, it can scarcely be deemed a work of supererogation to define the relations which exist between these several guides of moral conduct.

One exception we must make to our entire approval of these sermons. We cannot admit that "the earnest appreciation and unflinching pursuit of truth, is the characteristic of our age and country." In matters of religion, prejudice and bigotry are as rife as ever. And, what appears to us specially humiliating, the investigations into Nature, so far from being what our author calls them, and what with Bacon really they were, "an almost sacred impulse," are now ordinarily pursued on the lowest and most selfish motives; either i. e. as fostering the pride of man's intellect, or as so much pecuniary capital to the discoverer. With this single salvo we recommend Mr. Curteis' little volume unhesitatingly.

A Brief History of Sherburn Hospital, in the county of Durham, with Observations on the Scheme proposed by the Charity Commissioners for the application and management of that Charity, and the estates and possessions thereof. J. H. Parker.

THIS pamphlet is of more than mere local interest, inasmuch as it vindicates the right principle of dealing with all sacred and eleemosynary foundations, Cathedrals, Colleges, and the like. There is a tendency, it appears, in all Commissioners, and Chancellors, and such State-created functionaries, to regard themselves in the light of founders; and they proceed, accordingly, to draw up a "Scheme," in which they deal with the foundations that fall into their hands, as so much property which they are free to dispose of according to any theory which they may chance to adopt.

In the present instance, they propose to carve out of an institution intended for the spiritual care of sick and infirm persons two very good objects, but objects not contemplated by the founder. First, they create an endowment for the Durham Infirmary; next, a kind of Medical Dispensary is to be maintained on the spot; and thirdly, the surplus is to go for educational or other charitable purposes. In conformity. with this new end proposed by the Commissioners, the Master is no longer to be a Priest, but a medical man; and the appointment to the office is taken from the Bishop of the Diocese, and transferred to certain' newly-created Governors.

Against all this, the author of these observations very justly and temperately protests; showing how all the objects contemplated by Bishop Pudsey, the founder of the hospital, may be still attained, to the great benefit of the locality in which it is situated.

A Lecture on Symbolism: by CHARLES BROWNE, Esq., M.A. Masters. THIS Lecture, delivered to the members of the Stoke Newington Church Association, without any ulterior view to publication, is worthy of commendation, from the excellent spirit in which it is written. It is a resumé, in clear and simple language, of the information which has been more elaborately given to us by other authors, such as Didron, Neale, Webb, and Mrs. Jameson, who has done much by her admirable works in awakening the attention of the public to this interesting subject. Mr. Browne's lecture will be found very valuable by those who have not time to study larger works; and we thankfully welcome any effort towards making persons acquainted with this wonderful expression of the Catholic faith in early times.

We are glad to note a decided improvement in the tone of the Fast Day Sermons that have been published this year. There is much more real humiliation expressed in them than before. Two that we have met with are really admirable, viz., the Bishop of SALISBURY'S, and one preached by the Rev. J. EDWARDS, Vicar of Newtown, Montgomeryshire. In these we have a recognition of our chief national sins, as schism, self-reliance, impurity, intemperance. Without this recognition, there can be no real humiliation.

A Day in Nismes, a sketch: by B. E. MACAULAY, is a somewhat vague and fragmentary account of a visit to one of the most interesting places in Europe. It is rather unsatisfactory to find that the smallest portion of a very small volume is alone devoted to any actual description of Nismes, while the remainder is filled up by little tales and anecdotes which, though gracefully told, seem to have no particular relation to the subject in question, but the few pages on Nismes itself are well written and interesting.

Mr. FRASER has published a new and correct edition of a book which was once much used in the Church of England, and for the most part, probably, has been superseded by worse manuals, The Old Week's Preparation towards a worthy Receiving of the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. (J. H. Parker.) Better manuals, however, now exist: and therefore we cannot recommend it.

National Daily Prayer, (J. H. Parker,) is a rechauffé from the Daily Office, Litany, Collects, &c. We have on several occasions protested against this treatment of the Church's Public Services, and can only now repeat our protest.

Thrift; or, Hints for Cottage Housekeepers, (Masters,) is by a rather remarkable writer,-the author of "A Trap to Catch a Sunbeam." The hints are useful, though not very numerous.

Leonard and Dennis proceeds with great spirit. We recognize in

the author, we think, the incumbent of Harrow Weald.

Messrs. Longmans have published a Glossary of Military Terms, which in these days cannot but be useful.