are entering on a new phase of community life. May we have the constructive imagination to do consciously and collectively the things that must be done!

The vision of constructive co-operation implies the moral ideal which Mr. Bryce missed in us thirty years ago. Back of this change is the conviction that the State is more than a business corporation. It is an ethical force. It seeks justice, tolerance, mutual understanding, respect and goodwill. It cannot rest content with a technical or administrative efficiency which neglects the moral development of its citizens. It seeks their spontaneous, intelligent, self-directing loyalty. Through the conflicts and turmoil of our times, through the policies that are urged and the devices proposed, there is struggling for expression a quickened "sense of the state" as a moral purpose. For, after all, moral life is a collective co-operation, not an isolated individual thing. Most of us live under the control of group standards. These are raised to higher levels by the vision and leadership of men and women who have new moral insight. Yet we all share in the ethical achievements of these prophets. The State is one of the vehicles of moral power. In its laws and their administration it helps to give effect to the ethical energy of the people whom it serves.

Moral earnestness is fostered by the idealism which has religious fervor. Church and State are separate in America, but this does not mean that we Americans are irreligious. Quite apart from theological differences is a unifying spiritual power which kindles our enthusiasm for common tasks. No thoughtful student of our national life can doubt that immense spiritual energy is finding expression in many forms of public and social service. There is a faint glimpse at least of an ideal which makes the State an object of inspiring idealism. Only a few perhaps have yet caught this vision, but these men and women are the prophets and leaders of our times. Sir Thomas More in his Utopia describes a national religion which, without in any way interfering with the various sects, united all citizens in the

worship of what they accepted as a common object of faith: "The Divine Essence."

Such are several typical "senses of the state" in American minds. These different attitudes have grown out of changing conditions. All of these views have had-most of them still have-value. They vary in insight and in inspiring power. They arrange themselves roughly in a progressive series, each larger conception including and perpetuating what is best in that which it supersedes. No education can be called liberal which does not arouse men and women to a truer patriotism, to a "sense of the state" which shall blend in a noble vision, a chastened chauvinism, a love of the land itself, a thrill of future greatness, a faith in Divine purposes, a submission to just control, a demand for technical efficiency, a deepened feeling of comradeship, a loyalty to common tasks, an enduring moral earnestness, and fidelity to an ideal national purpose.

We face new times. We must prepare for an industrial and commercial struggle in the world's markets, and for a readjustment of our own social order. We shall become a moral force, not by assertion, but by showing our capacity for self-discipline and sacrifice. We shall wield an influence for world welfare only if we are ready to assume our international responsibilities. In these new times our colleges and universities will be tested as never before. If they fail to furnish intelligent, fearless, loyal leadership, they will lose their greatest opportunity and forfeit public confidence. Upon State Universities will fall a double burden. They must furnish a practical, technical training more and more exacting. They must respond with well considered plans to every authentic social demand. At the same time, they must foster in their students a consciousness of the community and its purposes, must liberalize practical pursuits by giving these social significances and dignity. This idealizing function is of increasing importance. There is very real danger of a recrudescence of materialism under the guise of a demand for national efficiency. The "new

humanities"-the social sciences-must be cultivated with a new energy and in a new spirit. There must be a steady and high-minded appeal to the imagination, to social sympathy, to common purposes. The shibboleth of service must be translated into concrete, constructive social tasks.

May you men and women of the University of California, on this day of memory and high resolve, dedicate yourselves anew to the service of truth, justice and the common life! May you organize your personal careers into the community and the nation. May you repay what you have received here in no carefully calculating fashion, but gladly, freely, generously may you spend yourselves for others who are a part of your larger selves. May you see in your Alma Mater, not a fond, indulgent mother, but a stern parent mindful of public duty and scornful of sons and daughters who seek only their own success! May you gain an ever nobler "sense of the state," for "without a vision the people perish."

CEREMONIES AT THE LAYING OF THE CORNERSTONE OF BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER HALL, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,

MARCH 23, 1916, 3 P.M.

Presiding Officer, Regent JOHN A. BRITTON

1. Song by UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA GLEE CLUB, "Hail to California."

2. Address-JOHN A. BRITTON, representing the Regents of the University of California.

3. Address-OSCAR SUTRO, President of the Alumni Association. 4. Address-Professor A. O. LEUSCHNER, representing the Faculty of the University.

5. Response-President BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER.

6. Laying of the Cornerstone-Regent JOHN A. BRITTON.

7. University Hymn, led by UNIVERSITY GLEE CLUB and UNIVERSITY BAND, "All Hail!''

ADDRESS BY REGENT JOHN A. BRITTON

Charter Days have come and gone, and Charter Days will come and go, but as there never has been in the history of our beloved University a Charter Day such as this, so in my judgment will there never be. On this day we are met to give recognition and reward to one who has served the University faithfully and well. We are giving this

recognition not in mere words of adulation, nor by pro forma resolutions of esteem, but in a more responsive way through the material things represented in this wonderful structure by masses of steel and granite, which are going to live to remind continually those who come and go of the recognition and reward due to one who has builded in the past seventeen years so well.

Coming to us a comparatively young man, to take charge of a University small in numbers but great in purpose, Benjamin Ide Wheeler has created a solidarity of interest not only in the student body and the faculty, but in the minds of the people of the State of California, which has resulted in the lifting up of this University to a rank second in the United States in attendance of students, and first in the love and affection of the people of this State. To our President we of the Regent body owe much, because he has been our staff, and a guide to us in our deliberations, and personally, I cannot recall anything in my varied experience that has given me more pleasure than to have kept through fifteen years of association with a man of such high attainments and such marvelous executive ability, his friendship, love, and esteem.

Within the boundaries of the campus of this University there have been many buildings erected, following the plan evolved by that most wonderful of all women, Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst, but there will be no building around which more pleasant memories of association could cluster than this building that we today are honoring by conferring upon it the title of Benjamin Ide Wheeler Hall.

The Alumni of the University of California represents its bone and sinew. Twelve thousand loyal members of that body attest the effect and influence of the University, and it affords me pleasure to introduce to you, as representing that splendid body of men and women, Mr. Oscar Sutro, the President of the Alumni Association.