far without destroying all confidence in Hebrew genealogy. I prefer to retain a chronology consistent with the Bible, and not sacrifice it to support theories without foundation in truth and offensive to reason, instinct, and common sense.

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CHAPTER XIV.

CHRISTIANITY AND THE NON-ADAMITE: EVIDENCE

OF THE BIBLE.

THE BIBLE DEALS ONLY WITH THE ADAMIC RACE.-INTIMATIONS OF PREHISTORIC RACES.-ADAM ALONE CREATED IN THE IMAGE OF GOD.-INFERIOR RACES EXCLUDED FROM THE COVENANT OF GRACE.

HE Word of God, when clearly expressed, silences argument amongst Christians. If that Word plainly declared that all mankind are descended from an original pair, there could be no further controversy amongst those who believe in the inspiration of Holy Scripture. But many who accept fully and emphatically the doctrine of the plenary inspiration of the Bible deny that it teaches any such thing, or that such a dogma can be fairly deduced from it. It is maintained that the theory of a plurality of races is consistent with the Bible; that it explains some difficulties, and harmonizes Scripture with history, experience, and the conclusions of science; that the Bible contains intimations of the existence of pre-Adamic races; and that the unity theory is damaging to the sacred record, because, on this theory, science upsets its chronology and history, makes it impossible to trace with any degree of confidence the genealogy of our Lord, de

prives us of the only history we have of the origin and progress of our race, and undermines the whole fabric of revelation, besides being offensive to our common sense and natural instincts.

The Bible deals only with the race of Adam; none other ever had a history. It is not questioned by Christian scholars that the Adamic race was destroyed by the flood, with the exception of Noah and his sons. From Adam came, through Noah, Ham, Shem and Japheth, the three sources of the three main streams of humanity. These are all the Bible mentions; but it does not exclude the inference that there were races of men, in a zoological classification, when Adam was created, and that he was the progenitor of the white races. No intelligent individual doubts that Noah's family were white people.

The Hebrew genealogical tables trace their race back through Noah to Adam, "the son of God." Adam is without lineage, and, according to the Bible, he and Eve are, beyond all question, the parents of a new race created in the image of God. The pure and holy nature God gave them at their creation was corrupted by sin, and so heinously wicked did their posterity become that God destroyed them by the deluge, leaving only Noah's family to perpetuate the race. History traces the families of the three sons of Noah down to the present time. In a general way, it may be briefly stated that the Japhetites spread from the centre of dispersion east, north and

northwest. We find them in Armenia, after the separation from the families of Ham and Shem, whence they moved eastward into India and northward, and then westward into Europe. The Shemites, the main family of whom was the Hebrews, who are now scattered over the world, spread, after the dispersion, into Central Syria, Mesopotamia, Western and Northern Arabia. The Hamites settled a large part of Arabia, nearly all the region between the valley of the Nile and the "great river, the Euphrates," the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, including the Holy Land and all Northern Africa, and are by some supposed to have crossed over into Europe and to have founded the Pelasgian races. They were the founders of the great empires of Babylon, Assyria, Egypt and Carthage. Noah's grandson (Mizraim) settled in Egypt; but it is now admitted that there is no connection between the Egyptians and negroes, and certainly there is just as little relationship between the negroes and the Carthagenians and Moors, and other Hamites who settled in North Africa.

Only illiterate people imagine that the people of Northern Africa were negroes. Another son of Ham (Phut) settled in Africa, from whom the ancient Libyans are supposed to be descended, and who are represented on Egyptian monuments with white skins and blue eyes. The Kabyles, a white race of Northern Africa, are supposed to be their descendants.

All of Ham's descendants, like those of Shem and Japheth, have always retained the characteristics of the white races, while the inferior races have retained theirs also, without material change; and this striking fact has suggested the doctrine of permanency of types.

Egypt is spoken of in the Psalms of David as “the land of Ham." The name "Ham" signifies "hot," "sunburnt," and hence "swarthy," "dark"; but it is now generally admitted to refer to the color of the soil. The Egyptians, Carthagenians and Moors were powerful and civilized nations, and exterminated or enslaved the negro population of their respective territories. They were all Caucasians; and to suppose that Hannibal, Cleopatra, Saladin, St. Augustine, Cyprian, Tertullian, and others of distinguished fame, were negroes because born in Africa, is as absurd as to suppose that the descendants of modern Europeans settled in America are Indians.

The popular superstition is that the Hamites are black, or negroes, and that in some unknown way they became so from the effects of the curse pronounced on Canaan, but without a word in the Bible to support such a conclusion, as there is not a word. in the Sacred Volume to show that there is any racial connection between the other Noachic families

and any of the inferior races. The tenth chapter of Genesis traces Noah's posterity to the regions they severally settled, but makes no mention of other