As Brigadier-General Sir Wyndham Deedes is intimately connected with the Zionist movement, I would like to ask him if he could tell what was the attitude that would be taken towards those Jews who were still more truly Jews because they believed in the Messiahship of Jesus? To some of us that was the most acute problem in regard to the Mandate. Mr. SIDNEY COLLETT said: We are, I am sure, all very grateful to the lecturer for the illuminating and lucid way in which he has dealt with the subject of Great Britain and the Palestine Mandate, whereby it is hoped that the Jew, the Mohammedan and the Greek will agree to share the Holy City. But we have to remember that "the Jews" are God's people, and the land is God's land, and, therefore, the best plans that the British or any other Government can make with the best intentions for the settlement of the Jewish problem, if those plans are not based on the declarations of God's Word they must inevitably fail of their object. Under the British Mandate the City of Jerusalem at the present time is divided into three parts: The North-Eastern part, containing Mount Moriah, on which the Temple once stood, has been given to the Mohammedans; the South-Eastern part has been given to the Jews; while the Western part has been allocated to the so-called Christians-the Greeks. Now, seeing that Mount Moriah is to-day surmounted by a heathen mosque-the Mosque of Omar; and that that mountain, of hallowed memories and the surrounding district are now in the possession of the Mohammedans; and having regard to the many Scripture declarations concerning that land-that the Jew is to “have it in possession ” and “ to dwell there” (Ps. lxix, 35), "every bit of it" (Deut. xi, 24), I ask: Is it conceivable that the Jews will now really settle down contented while the most sacred spot to them in that land, and, indeed, in all the world, is thus desecrated? It would be interesting if the lecturer would give us some idea as to how the Government view this aspect of the matter. Mr. THEODORE ROBERTS contrasted the death-beds of two Jewish Prime Ministers. It is recorded of the one, Joseph, that he preferred, to the Pyramid in which he could have been buried in Egypt, that his bones should be carried to the promised land according to the faith which doubtless his parents had taught him in his childhood, for he left home at seventeen. As regards the other, Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, his physician, Dr. Joseph Kidd, relates that, when departing, he spoke rather of the redemptive work of Christ, which gave him a heavenly place. It was this contrast between the hope of the Christian Jew and that of the unpersuaded Israelite, who had each taken part in the present discussion, which would, he believed, prevent any difficulty arising in their respective confraternities living side by side in Palestine. The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews sought to detach the affections of his readers from the country of their race by pointing out that we Christians are seeking after a country of our own and desiring a better country, that is, a heavenly (Heb. xi, 14, 16, R.V.). The CHAIRMAN said: We recognize the unselfishness of the conduct of those Jews who have subscribed to enable other Jews to settle in Palestine, and the good work of the settlers. I am told that they have succeeded in rendering wholesome districts which were found to be too unhealthy for any Arab to work in. Also that they are raising fine crops on land which was reckoned hopelessly barren, and that they are introducing a good educational system and so providing helpers for Government offices. By these examples of success the Arabs ought to benefit greatly; but we all need to remember that the Zionists did not accomplish these things for the sake of the Arabs, and that few people like others to show them, unasked, how to do things. The Arab dislike of the Zionist may have no logical basis, but it has a psychological basis, and both Zionist and Britisher will do well to remember the fact the Zionist, that he may learn to be very conciliatory in all his dealings with the Arabs; the Britisher, that he may be ready to stop war between the two nations-an ugly possibility but who would venture to call it unthinkable? Great Britain is father of many pairs of children whose prejudices, and sometimes also whose interests, clash. The Mahometan and Hindu in India, the Arab and Jew in Palestine, the African and East Indian in Kenya. These are not fighting just now, because we won't let them but how if we disarm? Eli was blamed for not restraining his sons: is it really a Christian duty to render ourselves unable to keep the peace among our sons? Britain's justice is admired in the East: is it not well that there should be physical force at the back of our judges in the future as in the past? We wish prosperity to both Jew and Arab. It seems clear that our duty as a Power recognizing the Government of Almighty God, is rather to see that justice is done all round, than to try to force the fulfilment of prophecy. HELD IN COMMITTEE ROOM B, THE CENTRAL HALL, E. WALTER MAUNDER, ESQ., F.R.A.S., IN THE CHAIR. The Minutes of the previous Meeting were read, confirmed and signed, and the Honorary Secretary announced the election of the Rev. Henry W. Bromley, D.D., as a Member, and of Mrs. Ida Case as an Associate. In introducing the Lecturer, the CHAIRMAN said :— Ladies and Gentlemen,-There have been many great and terrible earthquakes throughout the entire length of human history, and unhappily there have often been observers of them. But it is only within the last few years—practically within the present century-that earthquakes have been studied scientifically. There are still but very few mathematicians and physicists who have given systematic attention to earthquake phenomena, but prominent among these is Dr. Dorothy Wrinch, of University College, London, and Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge, whom I have much pleasure in introducing to you. I will now ask Dr. Wrinch to read her paper on Seismic Phenomena." TH 66 SEISMIC PHENOMENA. BY DR. DOROTHY M. WRINCH. HE modern science of Seismology has developed very rapidly since its beginnings about the year 1880. The sharp earthquake of February 22nd, 1880, which did a considerable amount of damage in Yokohama and Tokyo, had one important scientific consequence. It led to the formation of the Seismological Society of Japan, which had, for its object, the study of earthquake phenomena. The indefatigable labours of Milne, Knott, Ewing and other European scientists resident in Japan, and the cordial support of a number of prominent Japanese, were indeed responsible during the next few years for the foundation of the science of Seismology. It became in this short span a branch of natural philosophy, and the foundations were well and truly laid. The fertility of the applications of the science and the rapid progress in knowledge which the last few years has seen bears eloquent testimony to this fact. The development of Seismology as a branch of science is due, in the first place, to an important experimental discovery made by Milne. It was found that by means of a delicate pendulum an earthquake could be registered at places at a great distance away from the scene of its occurrence. This discovery at once opened the way to the collection of seismic data, for, evidently, records of an earthquake from observers at different places could be used comparatively and might reasonably be expected to give important information with respect to the incidence of earthquakes in various parts of the earth. It has long been realized that certain regions of the earth's surface are specially subject to earthquakes, and it is owing to this grim privilege that Japan in the East and Italy in the West led the way originally in the production of seismological observations. Milne catalogued 8,331 earthquakes which happened in Japan between the years 1885 and 1892. The frequency of earthquakes in Japan, however, varies very much from one district to another, and these 8,331 quakes apparently belong to fifteen distinct districts, outside which there are practically no earthquakes at all. Even, in fact, in Tokyo the number of earthquakes varies very much with locality. Yearly catalogues of earthquakes were prepared by Mallet, Perry and others, and in recent years M. de Montessus de Ballore, in his work Les Tremblements de Terre, has given a detailed account of all the earthquake regions of our globe. When he returned to this country in 1895, Milne set up his observatory at Shide in the Isle of Wight, and by the installation of his instruments at a number of stations all over the earth he inaugurated the first seismological service. The comparative data thus obtained were of the greatest importance, and led rapidly to an increased knowledge of the properties of the earth. This work has been carried on under the auspices of the British Association, and the Committee is still doing yeoman service to Seismology in collecting data in all the five continents. Owing to the splendid lead given by Milne, and the inspiration, skill and devotion of Professor Turner, the seismological service has had the tremendous advantage of a central clearing station, of recent years at the Oxford University Observatory, where year by year the observations of all the stations are collated and examined, and published in annual reports to the Seismological Committee of the British Association. The present flourishing state of Seismology is entirely due to the splendid way in which observations of seismic phenomena have been contributed by large numbers of people in different parts of the world. As early as 1877, for example, detailed descriptions of seismic phenomena at sea were made by captains |