First attempts to negotiate; Shufeldt treaty. 1882; treaty rights of XIII. Denmark. § 817. XIV. Dominican Republic. § 818. 388 XXVII. Muscat. § 864. XXVIII. Netherlands. § 865. XXIX. Ottoman Porte. 1. Treaty of 1830. § 866. 2. Treaty of 1862. § 867. 3. Real-estate protocol, 1874. § 868. 4. Extradition treaty. $869. 5. Educational, eleemosynary, and religious institutions. § 870. 6. Schools. § 871. 7. Sale of books. § 872. 8. Freedom of worship. $873. 9. Armenian difficulties. 874. 10. Various topics. § 875. XXX. Paraguay. § 876. XXXI. Persia. § 877. XXXII. Peru. § 878. XXXIII. Portugal. $879. XXXV. Samoan Islands. § 881. 1. Treaty of Oct. 27, 1795. § 883. 3. Convention of Feb. 17, 1834. § 885. XXXVIII. Sweden and Norway. § 889. A history of the diplomatic relations of the United States with Buenos Ayres and the Argentine Republic is given in instructions from Mr. Marcy, Secretary of State, to Mr. Peden, June 29, 1854. MS. Inst. Arg. Rep. XV. 68. See the following matters: Discussion of proposed tariff legislation in 1894, For. Rel. 1894, 3–18. "The claim of Thomas Jefferson Page against Argentina, which has The sum was expressed in Argentine paper currency and was paid in 6 per cent internal debt bonds. (For. Rel. 1898, 4.) As to the boundary dispute with Chile and the appointment of Mr. Buchanan, American minister, as a member of the limits commission, see For. Rel. 1898, 1, 4, 179. II. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. $782. In the diplomatic correspondence between the United States and Austria-Hungary the following matters, not elsewhere noticed, may here be mentioned: Information as to capital punishment in the United States. (Mr. Foster, Adoption of the metric system by Austria-Hungary, under laws of 1871 Restrictions on the importation of American fruit. (For. Rel. 1898, 32.) For correspondence as to the duty exacted in Austria on salt in which (For. Rel. 1899, 51-52.) See, as to the assassination of the Empress of Austria, at Geneva, and As to the treaties between the United States and Austria-Hungary, see As to the military cases of Janowitz and Kranz, under Article II. of the 26-28. For further correspondence concerning the treaty of September 20, 1870, see the chapter on Nationality, supra. III. BARBARY POWERS. 1. EARLY RELATIONS. § 783. "Before the war of Independence, about one-sixth of the wheat and flour exported from the United States, and about one-fourth in value of their dried and pickled fish, and some rice, found their best markets in the Mediterranean.' "This trade then employed about 12,000 men and 20,000 tons of shipping, and was protected by British passes. "The war of the Revolution having abrogated this protection, Congress early took into consideration plans for substituting another in its place. "In a sketch for a treaty which that body, on the 17th of September, 1776, agreed that their commissioners should endeavor to conclude with the French King, an article was inserted to the effect that France should protect, defend, and secure, as far as in its power, the subjects, people, and inhabitants of the United States and their vessels and effects against all attacks, assaults, violences, injuries, depredations, or plunderings, by or from the King or Emperor of Morocco, or Fez, and the states of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, and any of them, and every other prince, state, and power on the coast of Barbary, and the commissioners were instructed that this article. ought to be obtained, if possible; but should be waived rather than that the treaty should be interrupted by insisting upon it.' The commissioners did not obtain such protection. Instead of it, the King of France, in the treaty of 1778, agreed to and interposition with those powers, in order to provide as fully and efficaciously as possible for the benefit, conveniency, and safety of the said United States, and each of them, their subjects, people, and inhabitants, and their vessels and effects, against all violence, insults, attacks, or depredations on the part of the said princes and states of Barbary, or their subjects.' employ his good offices "The recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain found no steps taken in this direction, for reasons which appear in the official correspondence. Mr. Adams, therefore, wrote to the President of Congress on the 10th September, 1783: 'There are other powers with whom it is more necessary to have treaties than it ought to be; I mean Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli. If Congress can find funds to treat with the Barbary Powers, the ministers here are the best situated. Ministers here may carry on this negotiation by letters, or may be empowered to send an agent, if necessary.' . "Congress authorized a commission to be issued to Mr. Adams, Dr. Franklin, and Mr. Jefferson, which was done on the 12th of May, 1784, empowering them, or a majority of them, to treat with Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis, as well as with the several powers of Europe. "On the 28th of March, 1785, these commissioners addressed a joint note to Count de Vergennes, asking his advice upon the conduct of their negotiations, and requesting that the good offices of the French King should be interposed with the Emperor of Morocco, according to the tenor of the eighth article of the treaty of 1778. "Franklin left Paris for America on the 12th of July, 1785, and Adams and Jefferson, finding themselves engaged in the negotiation of treaties with European powers, and having received authority to empower substitutes to negotiate with the Barbary states, in October of that year commissioned Thomas Barclay to negotiate with Morocco, and John Lamb to negotiate with Algiers, and they reported their proceedings to Jay, who referred them to Congress, with a recommendation that they should be approved. "In the spring of the next year Jefferson was induced to go to London to meet Abdrahaman, the Tripoline embassador, who expressed a |