Pacific Salmon & their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options

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Springer Science & Business Media, 1997 - Всего страниц: 685
The symposium "Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options',' and this book resulted from initial efforts in 1992 by Robert J. Naiman and Deanna J. Stouder to examine the problem of declining Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Our primary goal was to determine informational gaps. As we explored different scientific sources, state, provincial, and federal agencies, as well as non-profit and fishing organizations, we found that the information existed but was not being communicated across institutional and organizational boundaries. At this juncture, we decided to create a steering committee and plan a symposium to bring together researchers, managers, and resource users. The steering committee consisted of members from state and federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and private industry (see Acknowledgments for names and affiliations). In February 1993, we met at the University of Washington in Seattle to begin planning the symposium. The steering committee spent the next four months developing the conceptual framework for the symposium and the subsequent book. Our objectives were to accomplish the following: (1) assess changes in anadromous Pacific Northwest salmonid populations, (2) examine factors responsible for those changes, and (3) identify options available to society to restore Pacific salmon in the Northwest. The symposium on Pacific Salmon was held in Seattle, Washington, January 10-12, 1994. Four hundred and thirty-five people listened to oral presentations and examined more than forty posters over two and a half days. We made a deliberate attempt to draw in speakers and attendees from outside the Pacific Northwest.

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Introduction to a Complex Problem
13
Old Traditions that Led to Abuses of Salmon and Their Ecosystems
17
The Origin and Speciation of Oncorhynchus Revisited
29
Pacific Salmon Status and TrendsA Coastwide Perspective
41
On the Nature of Data and Their Role in Salmon Conservation
53
Information Requirements for Salmon Management
61
The Importance of Performance Measures Temporal Scales and Production Cycles
69
Beyond The Crossroads
91
How Are Harvest Management Decisions Made?
353
Habitat Policy for Salmon in the Pacific Northwest
373
WaterManagement and WaterQuality Decision Making in the Range of Pacific Salmon Habitat
387
Changing the Measure of Salmon Management
409
Desired Future Conditions
445
Restoration of Riparian and Aquatic Systems for Improved Aquatic Habitats in the Upper Columbia River Basin
473
What Can Artificial Propagation Contribute?
491
Making The Best of a Bad Situation
511

Can We Count Every Last One?
113
Status of Wild Salmon and Steelhead Stocks in Washington State
127
The Status of Salmon and Steelhead in Oregon
145
Status of Alaska Salmon
179
Pacific Salmon Abundance Trends in the Fraser River Watershed Compared with Other British Columbia Systems
197
Genetic Factors Contributing to Declines of Anadromous Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest
221
The Role of Competition and Predation in the Decline of Pacific Salmon and Steelhead
243
Degradation and Loss of Anadromous Salmonid Habitat in the Pacific Northwest
275
Shaping Human Behavior to Enable the Persistence of Salmon
313
Salmon Production in Changing Ocean Domains
329
Is Ecological Risk Assessment Useful for Resolving Complex Ecological Problems?
523
An EcosystemBased Approach to Management of Salmon and Steelhead Habitat
539
Do We Need Institutional Change?
557
To Till the WaterA History of Ideas in Fisheries Conservation
567
Values in the Valuing of Salmon
597
Organizational Systems and the Burden of Proof
615
The Challenge of Integration
637
Where Do We Go From Here? An Outsiders View
655
Three Principles
663
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