This, in a few words, is the tale of the misery of AustriaHungary's peoples. I am not here to make forecasts as to the future, but I may be justified in telling you what I think will be the tendency of the peoples of Austria-Hungary if, as a result of this war, they should be asked to express their wishes. This war has turned into one of democracy against autocracy, into a war for liberty all over the world. The demand continually grows louder that dynastic claims shall give way to the wishes of peoples; the government of peoples must rest upon their consent. There is no reason to uphold the autocracy of the Hapsburgs any more than that of the Holstein-Gottorps (Romanovs) or of the Hohenzollerns. I want to call your attention to the following tendencies which so far have become marked. Galicia, which was conquered by Austria by pure force in the eighteenth century, will desire a union with the other parts of Poland; she wishes to be a part of that "united, independent and autonomous" Poland to which President Wilson referred in his speech to the Senate, two or three months ago. Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia will demand freedom as a united and independent Bohemian state. The southern Slavs will demand a union with Serbia. The Italian parts of Tyrol, and the adjoining districts will demand a union with Italy. The Rumanian parts of Austria and of Hungary will request a union with Rumania. Whether the Austro-Germans will desire a union with Germany, whether the Hungarians will desire to become a republic as they wished in 1848-49 remains to be seen.

I have said enough to make you realize the very serious problems that are awaiting solution as a result of the present war. I cannot describe to you the sufferings of all those subject races both before and since 1914. Take the situation which exists now. At their home the Poles, the Bohemians, the southern Slavs are compelled to serve in the army of their conquerors, side by side with their German and Turkish oppressors, for ends and aims which are foreign and detestable to them. They have to witness, for

instance in the case of Galicia, an unparalleled devastation of the country, calamities of hunger and distress, unspeakable misdeeds on the part of the conquering armies. And yet at the same time, if they have taken refuge abroad, members of the same oppressed races are legally regarded as subjects of the very same Austrian and Hungarian governments which they hate and despise. It is true that this position has been grasped, for example in France and England, and the subject races of Austria-Hungary, such as Poles, Italians, Bohemians, southern Slavs have been treated as friends despite their legally hostile "allegiance." But all this can be thoroughly remedied only by a reconstruction of the governmental conditions throughout central and eastern Europe. This work should be undertaken by all those interested in the progress of civilization. There will be no end to militarism and to war as long as there are subject races kept in bondage against their will by pure force. To help them will be more charitable for you than to go as missionaries among the primitive tribes of Asia or Africa. It is only by freeing those subject races that you can hope to establish a brotherhood of free nations. Let me express the hope that it is this kind of help which we may expect from England, France, Italy, and now America. Let me hope that you will understand in this sense the words of President Wilson which I quoted at the beginning of this lecture, and which I take the liberty of quoting again: "We are glad, now that we see the facts with no veil of false pretense about them, to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the ultimate liberation of its peoples for the rights of nations, great and small, and the privilege of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty."

AMERICA TO ENGLAND: 1917

CHARLES MILLS GAYLEY

I

That day our fathers cried:

"Ours the blood and ours the liberties,

"Ours the Cross upon the breeze,

The faith, the law, the custom.-God decide!
Not our freeborn brothers, but a despot wars on these:

Let him send his Hessians overseas!

British blood is ours, "" they cried,

"The charters and the ancient liberties.''

When our fathers said that word, pledged their lives and drew the sword, It was for these.

That day your best replied,

Your naked British hearts,

Your commons and your nobles, your councillors of state-
Grafton, Camden, Burke and Fox, Richmond, Barré, Pitt;
And Barré sweetly reasoned, but Chatham thundered it:

"By Heaven, they vindicate

Our native right!

The quarrel theirs, but ours the fate-
The farmers fight our fight,

And God the grace imparts!"'

Then Yorktown! And the people then:

"Then win. But have we won? Your wisdom was too late.

They win a world of Englishmen;

We lose a world of hearts!''

A still voice testified

"Their skies they change but not their hearts who far from England

roam,

Their fealty but not their faith who once called England home: The faith is consecrate;

The victory, theirs and ours-eternal planned.

Lo, yet the day when Hell's afoam
And deluging the world with hate,
That day at Heaven's gate

We twain shall kneel, sons of a larger home,
Shall knit a nobler kin, and as one band
Shall stand

To conquer Fate!"

II

The day has come your fathers prophesied,
Who knew our fathers in that distant year:
The dragon holds your world in his embrace;
Belgium and France, all Europe long had died,
And all the stars we hold most dear-
Your kinsmen of the western hemisphere-
Were drawn from out our skies had you denied
The faith, O English vanguard of the common race!
Yea, all in vain the price our fathers paid,
Had you delayed

The sacrifice austere.

The price our fathers paid!

What was that price, that glory, of the former day?
Of mortal span, of narrow place,

But for themselves and of a breath,

A light that flickered and then died away?—

The wings of Freedom are not plumed with death;
The stars are tranquil, and they conquer time and space;
The blood of selfsame fathers ebbs not with a day:
The right, the faith, the duty-no ages can efface.

For times and half a time

The nether powers prevail:

The woman clothed with the sun has sought the wilderness. For times and yet a time

The stars in heaven pale

But the mother of immortal hope is no more comfortless: God has found a place for her in one young western clime, A remnant of her children for the night of her duressShe has sworn them of the morning of martyrdom sublime.

Lo, now they spread the sail,

They ride upon the gale,

They battle in the trenches where the slaves of evil press;
They pour their youth and treasure

For the fullness of the measure

Of the Light that shall endure, of the law that shall be sure,
Of the equity of freedom-that all peoples may possess !
Republished by courtesy of The Argonaut, San Francisco.

SHAKESPEARE-HEART OF THE RACE

CHARLES MILLS GAYLEY

Not in marble or bronze, the sum of thy lineaments; Not in colour or line that painter or graver may trace. Out of the kingdom of vision, gleaming, transcendent, immortal,

Issue thy creatures and step into vesture of time and placeEach with passion and pulse of thy heart; but, passing the portal, Each in likeness of us. And listening, wondering,

Lo, from the lips of each we gather a thought of thy Face!

Nature walleth her womb with wreckage of history: Touch, O Poet, thy lyre, and heart-beats frozen in stone Tremble to life once more-to the towers of pain and of pityBuild themselves into thee, thy ramparts of rapture and moan, Cry with a human voice from the passioning walls of thy cityHamlets, Richards, Cordelias, prisoned, oblivious, Dateless minions of death, till summoned by thee alone.

Fortune maketh of men pipes for her fingering;

Thou hast made of thine England music of nobler employ: Men whose souls are their own; whose breastplate, honour untainted; Of promise precise, God-fearing, abhorring the dreams that destroyThe Moloch of Force ensky 'd, the ape of Necessity sainted;To country and freedom true; merciful, generous, Valiant to merit in Fate the heart's-ease mortals enjoy.

Shaper, thou, of the tongue! Under the Pleiades, Under the Southern Cross, under the Boreal Crown,

Where there's a mother's lap and a little one seeking a story, Where there's a teacher or preacher, or player come to the townMage of the opaline phrase, meteoric, dissolving in glory,

Splendid lord of the word predestined, immutable

Children are learning thy English and handing the heritage down.