ABBEYS, Barons founders of, to have
custody of, when vacant, 115. 'Abhorrers' and 'Petitioners,' 623. Act of Settlement, 224, 668; text of, 670-75.
Acts (private) of Parliament, how they originated, 182, n. I.
Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, passed 1559, 446; 1662, 638. Addled Parl., 1614, dissolved, 514. Administration, system of, under Nor- man and Plantagenet kings, 146; right of Commons to enquire into abuses of, 271, 277. Advowsons, suits as to, 93. Ager publicus, analogy of Folkland to,
Agricultural labourers, discontent of, with landowners, 398.
Agriculture, means proposed for resto- ration of, at Peace of Wallingford, 87. Aids, contributions from the tenant to his lord, 61; provision as to, made in Magna Charta, 112; not to be made except by common counsel of the nation, 127.
Alcred, deposition of, 33.
Alford (Mr., M.P.), speech of, on Petition of Right, 547. ALFRED (the Great), styled only King of the West Saxons in his will, II; his character, II, n. I; light thrown on the Land laws by his will, 15, n. ; elected king to the exclusion of his elder brother's children, 34; as a legislator, 44.
Aliens, their disabilities, denization, and naturalisation, &c., 673, n. 3, (cf. 135).
Allen (Cardinal), founds Seminary at Douay, 454. 2. I.
Altham (Baron) on the legality of Proclamations, 509.
Amercements, 116, 164, n. 4; deriva- tion of the term, 117.
Ancient English Laws, 43. Ancient German polity, 5. Anderson's case (writ of Habeas Corpus
issued into Upper Canada), 633. Angevin or Plantagenet dynasty, the, 88.
Annates, Act restraining the payment of, to the Pope, 426, 431, n, I. Anne (Queen), her dislike of party government, 682, and #. 2. Annual Indemnity Acts, t. Geo. II. in favour of Dissenters, 758. Annual Parliaments, 270.
Appeal, = Accusation, origin of this private process, 125.
'Appello Caesarem' (Dr. Montague's), 557.
Appropriation of Supplies, first instance of, 274.
Arbitrary imprisonment, Stat. Pet. of Right, 3 Car. I., against, 551. Archbishops, rank as high as members of King's family, 27; to be nomi- nated by King's congé d'élire, 430. Armada, Spanish, 460, 468. Arms, Protestants allowed to carry, for their defence, by Bill of Rights, 663.
Army, standing, supersedes militia, 193; used by Charles to overawe parliament, 595; increased by Jac. II., 646; sketch of military force in England, 646, n. 1, seq.; made illegal by Bill of Rights, without consent of parliament, 648, n. Arrest, freedom from, a privilege of parliament, 327; vindicated by Com- mons, 497, and ib. n. I.
Arthur (of Brittany), 202; his sister Eleanor, 203.
'Articles of Reform,' 268; annulled by 15 Edw. II., ib. n. 1; their purport, 269, n. I.
Articles of Religion made Thirty-nine in number, 448.
Arundel (Earl of) committed to Tower, 1626, 542.
Ashby v. White, 1702, right to vote, 341.
Ashford v. Thornton, 127. Assassination practised by English on Normans, 69; law of Englishry,' against, ib.
Assemblies, rebellious and unlawful, 2 & 3 Edw. VI. against, 399. Assize, judges of, 159.
Assize of Arms, national militia revived by, 92; requirements of the, regard- ing military service, 191; renewed and remodelled by Edw. I., ib. Assize of Clarendon, 96, 159, 166. Assize of Northampton, III. Assizes, provision made by Magna Charta for, 115, 165, 166.
'Association of Christian Brothers,' 416; Luther's writings circulated by, 418.
Athelings, sons or brothers of king,
30; word originally denoted noble birth, ib.; ranked above nobility, 31; penalty for violation of their rights, ib.
ATHELSTAN, King, 12. Attainder, Bills of, 322, 384; difference from Impeachment, 384, n. 4. Attainder and forfeiture for treason or felony abolished, 397, n.
Attaint, Writ of, jurymen liable to, 170; abolished t. Geo. IV., 171; object effected by new trial, ib.
Atwyll's case (17 Edw. IV.), freedom of speech, 329.
Audit of public accounts enacted by Parl., 274.
Aurum reginae, payment of, 30. Aylesbury men, case of the, 342. Aylmer's Harborowe of True and Faithful Subjects,' 488, and 489, n. I. Azo, his 'Summa' used by Bracton, 4,
BACON (Sir Nicholas, Lord Keeper), 475- Bacon (Francis, Lord Chancellor), 488; advice to Jac. I. for managing Commons, 512; impeached, pun- ished, and imprisoned, 525; sen. tence remitted by James, ib. n. 2. Ballot Act, 1872, 739; Universities exempted from, ib. n. 2.
Bank of England established, 1694, 625, 11.
Barons, unsuccessful insurrections of, t. Will. II., 78; new ones created by Hen. I., 82; power curtailed by Hen. II., 90; and by institution of Scutage, 91; obtain Magna Charta for people, 102; refuse to follow John on foreign service, 104, 107; confederacy of, at St. Edmund's, 108; offer crown to Louis of France, 140; revolt of, t. Edw. II., 267. Barrow (Henry) executed for writing seditious books, 465.
Bastwick (Dr.), his trial with Prynne and Burton, and sentence for pub- lishing Elenchus Papismi, &c.' 565 ; further sentence by Star Chamber, 566; popular sympathy for, ib.; liberated by Long Parliament, 585.
Bates (John), case against, in the Court of Exchequer, 1606, 503, 505, 554, n. I; decision of judges subversive of liberty, 503.
Battle, wager of, 69; trial by, super-
seded by trial by jury, 91; demand for, Thornton's case, 127; abolished, ib.
Beard, William-with-the, or Fitz Os- bert, rising under, 97.
'Bedchamber Question,' 1839, 711. Bede's history of English conquest of Britain, 5, n. I.
Belesme (Robert de), Earl of Shrews- bury and Arundel, forfeiture and expulsion from kingdom, 81.
Bell (Mr., M.P.), on monopolies in 1571, 480.
Benefices, John concedes to Pope right of nominating to, 405; greatly abused, ib.; Stat. of Provisors, 25 Edw. III., forbidding Pope's nomi- nation to, 407. Benefit of clergy, 416.
Benevolence, Jac. I. calls for general, 515; protests against, 516. Benevolences extorted from the richer classes by Edw. IV., 364; declared illegal by Ric. III.'s parliament, ib. ; again introduced by Hen. VII., 377 ; Bishop Morton's Fork,' ib.; had recourse to by Hen. VIII., 381; op- pressive treatment of those refusing to contribute, 382.
Bennet (Sir John), impeached, 1621, 525. Berkeley, J., his judgment in the Ship- money case of Hampden, 574; im- prisoned, 588, n. 1.
Bible, English translation of, 1538, 442.
Bigod (Roger, Earl of Norfolk),
Edw. I.'s altercation with, 252, n. 5. Bill of Rights, 1689, 220, 11. 3, 'De- claration of Right' embodied and confirmed in, 660; text, 660-667. Billeting of Soldiers and Mariners, 552, and n.
Bills of Attainder, 322, 384, and n. Bills, petitions to Parliament assume form of statutes under name of, 314; Money Bills originate in Commons, 313; Peerage Bills in Lords, 316. Bilson (Bp.), 519.
Births, Marriages, and Deaths, Civil registration of, 1836, 764. Bishops: prominent members of the
Witan, 9; arrest of the three, by Stephen, 86; petition of Commons for scrutiny into ecclesiastical abuses referred to, 420; their answer and Hen. VIII.'s, criticism, ib.; to be nominated by congé d'élire, 430; Oath of Supremacy refused by, 450, and ib. n. 2; Bishops' Act, 1566, 453; deprived of temporal jurisdiction by Long Parl., 591, 592, n. 1; bills in- troduced in Commons for, 599, n. I (cf. 591); attempt to exclude from House of Lords, 722, n. I.
Bishops, the Seven, trial of, 1688, 172, 652; their names, 652, n. 2; Ma. caulay on, ib.
Blair (Sir Adam), impeached, 1689, 530, n.
Bland, case of, 1585, 487.
Blount (Sir Thomas), Steward, Edw. II., 207.
Bocland, 14, 15, nn. ib.
Bohun (Earl of Hereford) resists illegal exactions of Edw. I., 253. Boleyn (Anne) married, 419; Elizabeth born, ib.
Bolingbroke (Henry St. John, Visct.), case of impeachment of, 1715, 531, n.
Boniface VIII., Bull Clericis laicos,
251, 255; claims to be feudal lord of Scotland, and commands Edw. I. to withdraw his troops, 405; answer of the English parliament, ib. Boniface IX., struggle of Crown with, 409.
Bonner (Bp.), 399; indicted by Horne, Bp. of Winchester, for refusing oath of Supremacy, 453; pleads Horne not lawful bishop, ib.
Book of Common Prayer, Acts for Uniformity of Service, &c., Edw. VI., 442, and 443, n. 2; Elizabeth, 447 ; penal clauses for using any other form, re-enacted in Act of Uniformity, 1662, 638.
'Book of Rates,' 1608, 504.
Books containing heresy and treason, importation forbidden by Mary, 397; possessors to be executed, 398; ex- cuse for, ib. n. I.
Borough Elections, qualification of members at, 349; electors in, ib. seq.; wholesale bribery at, 729. Borough-English, a variety of tenure in burgage, 67.
Boroughs, Charters to, by Hen. I., 82 ; extensively sold by Ric. I., 99; growth of representation of, 237-9; great creation of Rotten Boroughs by Edw. VI., Mary, and Eliz., 401; great majority of, venal, until after Geo. III., 729.
Bosworth, battle of, 214.
Bot, compensation for injury, 29, 42. Bracton, extensive borrowings from Roman law in, 4, n.
Brétigni, treaty of, 1360, 283. Bretwaldas, the, 10; Egbert, eighth king who was Bretwalda, ib. ; ety- mology, ib. n. I.
Breviarium, the, 4.
Bribery at Elections, attempt to pre- vent by Stat. of Anne, excluding all but landowners from Commons, 348; rep. 1838, 349; earliest precedent for punishment of, Long's case, 1571, 487; prices at which seats were openly sold, 729, 730; measures for suppression of, ib.
Bridges, no town or man to be dis- trained to make, 137.
Brihtric, king, poisoned by his wife, 30. Bristol (John Digby, Earl of), refusal of Car. I. to grant him a writ of sum- mons, 543; complains to Peers, ib. ; charged with high treason, ib.; re- taliates by impeaching Bucking- ham, ib.
Britons (The) driven to western parts of the island, I; hypothesis as to inter- marrying with English, 2, and n. Bromley (Sir Henry, M.P.), brings forward Succession Question, 479; committed to prison, ib.
'Brownists,' the, 499, and n. Buckingham (George Villiers, Duke o1), case of impeachment of, 1626, 526, n.; opposition to, 540; speech of Sir R. Cotton against, ib.; King's message on impeachment of, 541; impeached by Earl of Bristol, 543; assassinated by Felton, 526, n.
Burdett (Sir Francis), adjudged guilty of contempt of House of Commons, and committed to Tower, 748. Burgage, tenure in, 66.
Burgh, the, and its organisation, 19. Burleigh (Sir William Cecil, Lord), administration of, 472.
Burton (Henry), his pamphlet "News from Ipswich," 565; tried and sen- tenced with Prynne and Bastwick, ib.; popular sympathy with, ib.; liberated by Long Parl., 585. Bury, impeached, 1376, 280. Bushell's case, 1670, immunity of juries established in, 172.
Bute (Lord), his administration, 1762, 701; fall, 702; continued influence with King, ib. ; dismissal, ib. Byron (Sir John), appointed Governor of Tower, vice Lunsford, 603.
CABAL MINISTRY, THE, 1671, 678.
Cabinet, the, its growth, 675, seq. ; final establishment of system under first two Georges, 683; Ministry and Cabinet not synonymous, 685; se- crecy of, 687; the Premier, 687-8, n.; relations of Cabinet to Crown and Parliament, 688, n.; to Houses of Lords and Commons, ib. n.; three- fold capacity of Cabinet Minister, iv. ; internal relations of Cabinet, ib. Calvert (Mr. Secretary), 524, 533. Calvin (Richd.), Post-nati case, 7 Jac. I., 502, 1. 2; 519, 674, n. Cambridge (Vice-Chancellor of), de- prived by Jac. II., 650. Campbell (Lord), Libel Act of, 1843, 774.
Campion (Edmund), despatched by Gregory XIII. to re-convert Eng- land, 456; imprisoned in the Tower, 458; executed, ib.
Canons, new, promulgated by Con- vocation, 1640, 582. Canterbury, double election to See of,
106; both set aside by Pope, ib. Carleton (Sir Dudley), 542. Carr's case (1680), 768, n. 3.
Cartwright (Thomas) leader of attacks on Episcopacy, 463; publishes 'Ad- monition to Parliament,' ib. Carucage, Danegeld under form of, t. Ric. I., 97.
Case of Commendams, 1616, 519. Castle-guard, 113.
Catherine (Queen), Hen. VIII.'s di- vorce suit against, 418. 'Catholic Association,' the, 762. Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829, 761. Cecil (Mr. Secretary Robert), 481. Celtic element in English nation, 2. Ceorls, the, 23, 25; their depression prior to Norman Conquest, ib. n., 293.
Cerdic, ancient line of, supplanted for a time, regains throne, 12. Chamberlain of London v. Allen Evans, 759, n. 1; Lord Mansfield's judg- ment, ib.
Chancellor, the office of, subordinate to that of Justiciar, 74; introduction of title, T. R. E., 149: derivation of, 150, n. 1; growth of power, ib. ; rise of jurisdiction, 175; equitable jurisdiction of, 176, n. 5, 181; en- croachments of, on jurisdiction of Common law, 177; statutes in re- straint of, ib. et seq.; office of, re- garded with distrust by Commons, 178-9.
Chancery, Court of, extension of juris- diction t. Edw. II., 176; equitable jurisdiction much extended t. Ric. II., 180.
CHARLES I., 1625-49; accession, 538; political character, ib.; first parl., 539; message to Commons on im- peachment of Buckingham, 541; ex- pedients to raise money without parl., 540, 543; enforces a general loan, ib.; third parl., 1627, 545; opening Speech, ib.; gives assent to Petition of Right, 551; violates it, 554; calls another parl., 1628-9, ib.; dissolved, 559; intimates determination to govern without parl., 560; the ag- gressor in conflict with parl., 561; ship-money, 566, et seq.; attempts to change ecclesiastical constitution of Scotland, 575; fourth parl., 1640, 578; offers to give up ship-money for twelve subsidies, 580; dissolves fourth parl., 581; resumes despotic courses, ib.; failure of his military operations against Scots, 582; sum- mons fifth (Long) Parl., 583; his view as to invalidity of statutes [with-
out internal assent], 592; goes to Edinburgh, 593; object of journey, ib.; offers office to Popular leaders, ib.; attempts to arrest the 'Five Members,' 602; his speech to Com- mons, 609; end of Constitutional struggle with parl., 612; his dupli- city, 614, n.; illegal trial and execu- tion, 616.
CHARLES II., 1660-1685; chief Consti- tutional statutes of, 620; first year of reign by legal fiction the twelfth, ib. 12. I; enters into conspiracy with Louis XIV. against National Church and Civil liberty, 635; despotic during last years of reign, 643. Charlton, J., dismissed from his office by Jac. II., 649, n. 3.
Charter of Liberties of Hen. I., 78; importance, 80.
Charters to Boroughs extensively sold by Ric. I., 99.
Chatham (William Pitt, Lord) advo- cated parl. reform, 1766, 733. Chester, Co. Pal., admitted to repre- sentation, 1543, 389.
Chester, Court of Co. Pal., jurisdiction
abolished, except in matters touching King's private estate, 589, and n. 2.j Christianity, conversion of English to, 9; influence of, ib.
Church, English, close alliance of, with
State, 9; deference to Rome, but marked national character of, ib.; various ecclesiastical organisations reduced to one National Church by Abp. Theodore, ib.; Ecclesiastical unity precedes Civil, ib.; enjoyed independence before Conquest, 71; afterwards brought into closer con- nexion with Rome, ib.; identical with State before Conquest, 72; separation of spiritual from temporal courts by William the Conqueror, ib.; but supremacy of Crown main- tained, ib.; promises made by Hen. I. to, 79; regains spiritual freedom, 84; concessions to, by Stephen, 85; supremacy of State over, maintained by Hen. II., 92; relations with State defined by Const. of Clarendon, ib. ; of the Middle Ages, though despotic, also democratic, 95; liberties of, pre- served by Magna Charta, 110; sepa- ration of, from Church of Rome, political and legal rather than reli- gious, 403; always possessed marked National character, ib.; reformation
of, by Hen. VIII., 418; influence of Luther's writings on doctrines of, ib.; King enacted to be the Supreme Head of,' 434; dissolution of mo- nasteries, 435, 437; distribution of the property of, 440; peculiar cha- racter of Reformed national, 448; its relation to Crown, ib. ; distasteful to more zealous Protestants, 461; go- vernment of, entrusted to seven com- missioners, by Jac. II., 650, and n. Church of Scotland, interference of Car. I. with, 575; consequent re- bellion, ib.
Chute, Sir Walter, sent to Tower, 1614, 514.
Circuits of Justices commence towards end of Hen. I., 83; regularly formed, 1176, 158.
Citations to Court of Rome forbidden by 27 Edw. III., 408.
Civil equality of all ranks below peer- age, 266.
'Civil List,' account of changes in amount of, 714.
Civitas or populus, the, 6.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 92-95. Clarendon, Assize of, 96, 159, 166. Clarendon (Edward Hyde, Earl of), Case of Impeachment of, 1667, 527, n.; death of, 528, n.
Clark, B., judgment in Bates' Case, 503-4.
Classical writings, influence of, in the direction of liberty, 494, n. 2. Clement VII., vacillation and dupli- city, in Hen. VIII.'s divorce suit, 418.
Clergy (the), high political and social status of, 27; had their own Synods for Church matters, 28; contest of, with Hen. I., 84; concessions to, by Stephen, 85; alienated from Stephen, 86; customs of, regulated by Consti- tutions of Clarendon, 92; contest with Hen. II., ib. ; not to quit realm without permission, 95; Constitutional opposition of, to Ric. I., 97; repre- sented in Parl., 248; but averse from interfering in secular legislation, 249; prefer their own assembly or Con- vocation, ib.; cease to attend Parl. in 14th century, 250; laws enacted by advice of, alone, ib., and . 2; retained self-taxation till 1664, ib.; since then have right of voting, ib.; not now separate estate of realm, 251; taxation of, by Edw. I., 251;
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