should continue to be maintained for another ten years, and thereafter under the same conditions for successive periods of ten years each. The period of notification expired on July 14, 1899, without any of the members having given the necessary notice of withdrawal, and the maintenance of the bureau was therefore assured for another ten years. The Proceedings and Minutes of the International American Conference were published at Washington in five volumes. The reports of the conference may elsewhere be found as follows: (1) The report of the intercontinental railway commission, under the presi- President Harrison, in his annual message of December 3, 1889, referred 66 along the course mapped out. Three surveying parties are now in the field under the direction of the Commission. Nearly 1,000 miles of the proposed road have been surveyed, including the most difficult part, that through Ecuador and the southern part of Colombia. The reports of the engineers are very satisfactory and show that no insurmountable obstacles have been met with." (For. Rel. 1891, xi.) As to the Bureau of American Republics, see President McKinley's annual message, Dec. 5, 1899; also his annual message of Dec. 3, 1900. In the summer of 1896 an attempt was made to hold an international American congress in the City of Mexico. The congress was convoked for the 10th of August. On that day there appeared the representatives of only seven of the American states, including one from Mexico, one from Venezuela, and five from the Central American states. The American minister was instructed by telegraph, on the 12th of August, to attend the congress, but, owing to its evident failure, he did not attend. It was stated in an article in the Mexican Herald, August 16, 1896, that one of the principal objects in calling the congress was to discuss the scope and meaning of the Monroe Doc trine. Mr. Ransom, min. to Mexico, to Mr. Olney, Sec. of State, No. 186, Aug. 18, 1896, MS. Desp. from Mexico. President McKinley, in his annual message of December 5, 1899, after referring to the numerous questions of general interest which were considered by the First International American Conference but not finally settled and to others which had since grown in importance, observed that it seemed to be expedient "that the various republics constituting the International Union of American Republics should be invited to hold at an early date another conference in the capital of one of the countries other than the United States, which has already enjoyed this honor." A circular embodying this passage was sent out by the Department of State, with an expression of the hope that the President's recommendation might meet with approval. Mr. Hay, Sec. of State, to Mr. Bridgman, min. to Bolivia, circular, Feb. 8, 1900, MS. Inst. Bolivia, II. 138. As the result of this initiative, a Second International Conference of American States was held at the City of Mexico, from October 22, 1901, to January 22, 1902. All the American republics were represented. The invitation to the conference was sent out by the Government of Mexico.. The conference formulated a protocol of adhesion of the American republics to the convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes signed at The Hague, July 22, 1899; a treaty of compulsory arbitration, signed by ten delegations, and a treaty for the arbitration of pecuniary claims. Resolutions were adopted in relation to the construction of the Pan-American Railway, and in relation to customs duties, international commerce, and quarantine and sanitation. A resolution was adopted for the reorganization of the International Bureau of the American Republics, and for the collection and publication of fuller information regarding the sources of information and statistics of the American republics. Resolutions were also adopted on various subjects. 66 Report of the Delegates of the United States to the Second International For message of the President, April 16, 1900, recommending an appro- The acts and proceedings of the conference were published in the City of Mexico in 1902, in two folio volumes. Referring to the unsigned and undated memorandum you left with me about the first of May last, in relation to the questions which have been mooted between Chile on the one hand and Peru and Bolivia on the other, growing out of the occupation of Tacna and Arica, and in deference to your expressed wish that the impartial and friendly attitude of the Government of the United States, in that regard, which has been heretofore orally expressed to you on several appropriate occasions, should be restated in more permanent form, especially with respect to the views of this Government should the suggestions, which have been put forth touching a possible resort to arbitration of the question, take tangible shape, I have the pleasure to confirm what I have previously said to you. "As respects controversies between the states of this hemisphere, the attitude of the United States has been repeatedly made clear. We wish to maintain equally friendly and close relations with all. We deplore any dissidences among them which may embarrass their common advancement. Our precept and example are before them to induce harmony and good will in all their mutual relations, but always in the line of the most absolute impartiality. While our good offices are at any time cheerfully at the disposal of our fellow republies to aid in composing their disputes, we hold that it is not our province to interfere in the adjustment of any questions involving their sovereign rights in their relations to one another. Although we may and do deeply regret whatever causes of division may arise between them, we abstain from forming a judgment on the merits of the difference, or espousing the cause of any one state against another, for to do so would impair the frank impartiality with which we stand ready to lend our friendly assistance toward a settlement whenever we have assurance that our counsels or our services will be acceptable to the parties concerned. "The Government of the United States has on many occasions expressed its strong desire that peace and harmony shall prevail among the countries with which it holds friendly relations, and especially among the republics of the American continents whose systems of government rest upon a common basis, and whose material interests are intimate and interdependent. It has taken several favorable opportunities to advocate the resort to arbitration in settlement of difficulties not adjustable in the ordinary channels of intercourse, and has itself set an example by recurring to this humane and intelligent international forum. In one notable instance its counsels and offices were lent to bring about the arbitration of a boundary dispute between a Spanish-American state and a European power, doing so in furtherance of the national policy announced nearly eighty years ago." Mr. Hay, Sec. of State, to Mr. Vicuna, Chilean min., No. 40, Jan. 3, 1901, See, to the same effect, Mr. Hay, Sec. of State, to Mr. Guachalla, Bolivian § 975. (1) Objections based on public policy. § 974. III. CONDITIONS OF INTERVENTION. 1. Citizenship, as a rule, essential. § 979. 2. Declaration of intention insufficient. § 980. 3. Naturalization not retroactive. § 981. 4. Right of interposition not assignable. § 982. § 978. 5. Nor derivable from partnership association. § 983. (1) Titles exclusively determinable by lex rei sitæ. $993. 7. Contract claims. (1) Not as a rule officially presented. § 995. (2) Exception where diplomacy is the only method of redress. 996. (3) Confiscatory breaches of contract. § 997. § 998. § 1001. 605 |