Making Sense of HeritabilityCambridge University Press, 13 окт. 2005 г. - Всего страниц: 267 In this book, Neven Sesardic defends the view that it is both possible and useful to measure the separate contributions of heredity and environment to the explanation of human psychological differences. He critically examines the view - very widely accepted by scientists, social scientists and philosophers of science - that heritability estimates have no causal implications and are devoid of any interest. In a series of clearly written chapters he introduces the reader to the problems and subjects the arguments to close philosophical scrutiny. His conclusion is that anti-heritability arguments are based on conceptual confusions and misunderstandings of behavioural genetics. His book is a fresh and compelling intervention in a very contentious debate. |
Содержание
| 11 | |
| 16 | |
| 18 | |
| 28 | |
| 33 | |
A tangle of interactions separating genetic and environmental influences | 48 |
22 The rectangle analogy | 51 |
23 Lewontin against ANOVA | 56 |
44 Unfair to facts | 142 |
45 The hereditarian strikes back | 148 |
Genes and malleability | 153 |
52 PKU | 157 |
53 Local | 162 |
54 Comparing apples and oranges | 169 |
56 Limits to egalitarianism | 178 |
Science and sensitivity | 183 |
24 Nonadditivity | 60 |
25 Locality | 75 |
26 Causal irrelevance | 81 |
27 The second look at interactions | 86 |
Lost in correlations? Direct and indirect genetic causes | 89 |
a Pickwickian notion? | 90 |
tracing the paths of causality | 105 |
33 The sociologists fallacy | 121 |
From individuals to groups genetics and race | 127 |
41 The master argument | 128 |
42 VE theories | 138 |
43 Xfactor theories | 140 |
61 Mistaken because politically motivated | 184 |
62 Politically motivated because mistaken | 186 |
63 Consequential fallacy | 193 |
64 Double standards | 201 |
65 From is to ought nonfallaciously | 208 |
66 Looking into the abyss | 212 |
67 From groups to individuals | 217 |
68 Fair therefore biased? | 224 |
Conclusion | 229 |
References | 235 |
Index | 259 |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
100 percent accepted analysis argument behavior geneticists behavior genetics belief Bell Curve between-group heritability biological Block causal claim cognitive concept context critics of heritability debate discussion Dworkin E₁ Elliott Sober environmental differences environmental influences environmentalist example explain fact factors fallacy G-E correlation G₁ Galton genes and environments genetic and environmental genetic determinism genetic differences genetic effects genetic variance genetically caused genotype Gould Griffiths hereditarianism heredity heritability estimates heritability of IQ Herrnstein high heritability human behavior genetics hypothesis individual inference intelligence IQ differences IQ tests issue italics added Jencks Jensen Kitcher Lewontin 1976a Loehlin malleability mean measure methodological modifiable nature-nurture Ned Block norms of reaction nurture Oyama phenotypic differences phenotypic variance philosophers Philosophy of Science Plomin political population possible psychology question race racial racism reason relevant scientific scientists similar situation social statistical interaction studies theories tion trait twin studies twins variation Wahlsten X-factor
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Стр. 34 - Upon the whole, I am inclined to think that the far greater part, if not all, of those difficulties which have hitherto amused philosophers, and blocked up the way to knowledge, are entirely owing to ourselves — that we have first raised a dust and then complain we cannot see.
Стр. 9 - Newton, with some others of that strain, it is ambition enough to be employed as an underlabourer in clearing the ground a little, and removing some of the rubbish that lies in the way to knowledge...
Стр. xii - The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No.
Стр. 11 - It is difficult to understand why statisticians commonly limit their inquiries to Averages, and do not revel in more comprehensive views. Their souls seem as dull to the charm of variety as that of the native of one of our flat English counties, whose retrospect of Switzerland was that, if its mountains could be thrown into its lakes, two nuisances would be got rid of at once.
Стр. 196 - When any opinion leads to absurdities, it is certainly false; but it is not certain that an opinion is false, because it is of dangerous consequence.
Стр. 27 - Available scientific knowledge provides no basis for believing that the groups of mankind differ in their innate capacity for intellectual and emotional development.
Стр. 135 - Jensen concludes that: ... all we are left with are various lines of evidence, no one of which is definitive alone, but which, viewed altogether, make it a not unreasonable hypothesis that genetic factors are strongly implicated in the average Negro-white intelligence difference.
Стр. 181 - ... had a perfectly average intelligence, which meant she couldn't think about anything except in short bursts. And George, while his intelligence was way above normal, had a little mental handicap radio in his ear. He was required by law to wear it at all times. It was tuned to a government transmitter. Every twenty seconds or so, the transmitter would send out some sharp noise to keep people like George from taking unfair advantage of their brains.
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