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CHAPTER XI.
ISLANDS.
The Sandwich Islands.-Geological and Volcanic Features.
-The Sugar Cane-Its History.-History of the Ha-
waiian Group.-The Cotton Plant-Its History.-Prin-
cipal Islands in the Group.-Volcanic Mountain of
Mauna Loa.-The Burning Lake of Kilauea.-Island
Formation.-Islands, Pacific Coast of South America.-—
Guano Islands.-Easter Island.....
CHAPTER XII.
ISLAND PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES.
Pearls and Pearl Fishing.-Habits of the Pearl Oyster.-
Pearl Dredging.-Pearl Diving.-Noted Fisheries and
Gems.-Propogation of the Pearl Oyster.-Whale Fish-
eries. The Turtle and its Habits.-The Tortoise.-
Sponge Fisheries........
CHAPTER XIII.
The Robber Crab.-The Crab as a Gourmand-As a Lover
of Cocoanuts.-Their Strength and Tenacity. - The
Plantain and Banana.-Beche-de-mer Fishing.-Method
of Fishing.-Contracts with the Natives.-The Cocoa-
nut.-Trade in, and Value of, the Nut.-Coral, and
Coral Fishing....
PAGE.
171
173
188
CHAPTER XIV.
Paper-Its History.-Cinnamon.-Indigo.-Teak Wood.-
Rice. Silk. Pineapple.-Manila Hemp.- Pepper.-
Gutta Percha.-Screw Pine.-Resinous Gum Trees.-
General Remarks.........
CHAPTER XV.
OCEANIC ETHNOGRAPHY.
-
Oceanic Races.-Climate.-The Malays.-The Polynesians. -The Micronesians. - The Melanesians. General
Characteristics.-The Australians.-Their Intellectual
Capacity. Influence of Ocean Currents.-Asiatic Influ-
ences in Peopling America.-Island Races.-The Equa-
torial Currents.-Taboo.-A Small Tribute to Religious
Missions and Missionaries........
201
213
CHAPTER XVI.
THE BIRTH, GROWTH AND DEATH OF ISLANDS.
Volcanic and Earthquake Lore.-Volcanic Fire-belt of the
Western Hemisphere.-Its Flow through South Amer-
ica. Through Central America and Mexico, and the
Pacific Coast.-Through the Islands.-Theory of Vol-
canoes and Earthquakes.....
CHAPTER XVII
COMMERCE, AND INTEROCEANIC CANALS.
The Panama Canal.—Memorandum Statement of Panama
Canal. Nicaragua Canal.-The Eads Tehuantepec
Ship Railway.-Commercial Results Anticipated.-Po-
litical Considerations of the Canal Question.....
CHAPTER XVIII.
243
255
CURRENTS, WINDS, RAINS AND STORMS OF THE PACIFIC.
Velocity and Force of Wind.-Monsoons.-Effect of Mon-
soons. Typhoons-Their Explanation.- Rainfall of
the Pacific Islands.-List of (with Latitude and Longi-
tude) the Principal Harbors in the Island World......... 270
CHAPTER XIX.
HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.
The Merchants of the Olden Time.-The Phoenicians.—
Their Commerce.-Their Inventions and Manufactures.
As Navigators.-The Compass.- Properties of the
Magnetic Needle.-By Whom Invented.- Homer's
Knowledge of Ship Building.-Early Navigators of
the Pacific (Anson.--Balboa.- Beechey.-Banks.—
Bougainville.--Behring.-Byron.-Carteret.-Cook.—
Cavendish. Dampier. -- Dana. — Darwin.— Drake.—
Cortez. Fernandez.-Fitzroy.-Franklin.-Humboldt.
Kotzebue.- Krusenstern.-Magellan.- Perry.-Pizar-
ro.- La Perouse. - Polo.-Quiros.-Rogers.—Saave-
dra. — Schouten, W. C.-Schouten, G. -Tasman.-
Vancouver. Wilkes.)........
CHAPTER XX.
ISLAND MISCELLANY, AND DEPTHS OF THE SEA.
Norfolk Island.-The Chatam Group.-Ponape or Ascension
Island.-Strong_Island.-Ocean Island.-The Depths
of the Ocean.-Bottom of the Sea........
290
328