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Up to a Star, and like Endymion dies1:
A Feather, shooting from another's head,
Extracts his brain; and Principle is fled;
Lost is his God, his Country, ev'ry thing;
And nothing left but Homage to a King"!
The vulgar herd turn off to roll with Hogs,
To run with Horses, or to hunt with Dogs;
But, sad example! never to escape
Their Infamy, still keep the human shape.
But she, good Goddess, sent to ev'ry child
Firm Impudence, or Stupefaction mild;
And straight succeeded, leaving shame no room,
Cibberian forehead, or Cimmerian gloom.

Kind Self-conceit to some her glass applies,
Which no one looks in with another's eyes:
But as the Flatt'rer or Dependant paint,
Beholds himself a Patriot, Chief, or Saint.

On others' Int'rest her gay liv'ry flings,
Int'rest that waves on Party-colour'd wings:
Turn'd to the Sun, she casts a thousand dyes,
And, as she turns, the colours fall or rise.

Others the Syren Sisters warble round,
And empty heads console with empty sound.
No more, alas! the voice of Fame they hear,
The balm of Dulness trickling in their ear3.
Great C**, H**, P**, R**, K*,

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Why all your Toils? your Sons have learn'd to sing.

How quick Ambition hastes to ridicule!

The Sire is made a Peer, the Son a Fool.

On some, a Priest succinct in amice white
Attends; all flesh is nothing in his sight!
Beeves, at his touch, at once to jelly turn,
And the huge Boar is shrunk into an Urn:
The board with specious miracles he loads 5,
Turns Hares to Larks, and Pigeons into Toads.
Another (for in all what one can shine?)
Explains the Sève and Verdeur of the Vine.

1 [i. e. is immersed in perpetual slumber.] 2 Lost is his God, his Country-And nothing left but Homage to a King.] So strange as this must seem to a mere English reader, the famous Mons. de la Bruyère declares it to be the character of every good Subject in a Monarchy: Where (says he) there is no such thing as Love of our Country, the Interest, the Glory, and Service of the Prince supply its place." De la République, chap. x. P.

3 The balm of Dulness] The true Balm of Dulness, called by the Greek Physicians KodaKela, is a Sovereign remedy against Inanity, and has its poetic name from the Goddess herself. Its ancient Dispensators were her Poets; and for that reason our Author, Book II. ver. 207, calls it, the Poet's healing balm: but now it is got into as many hands as Goddard's Drops or

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Daffy's Elixir. It is prepared by the Clergy, as appears from several places of this poem: And by ver. 534, 535, it seems as if the Nobility had it made up in their own houses. This, which Opera is here said to administer, is but a spurious sort. See my Dissertation on the Silphium of the Antients. 'BENTL.' Warburton.

4 [amice (amictus), a coat, is a word used by Spenser and Milton.]

5 This good Scholiast (Scriblerus), not being acquainted with modern Luxury, was ignorant that these were only the miracles of French Cookery. and that particularly Pigeons en crapeau were a common dish. P. and Warburton.

6 Sève and Verdeur] French Terms relating to Wines, which signify their flavour and poignancy. P.

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Wash Bladen white, and expiate Hays's stain 1.

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KNIGHT lifts the head, for what are crowds undone,

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Or issue Members of an Annual feast.
Nor past the meanest unregarded, one
Rose a Gregorian, one a Gormogon 4.
The last, not least in honour or applause,
Isis and Cam made DOCTORS of her LAWS 5.
Then, blessing all, Go, Children of my care!
To Practice now from Theory repair.
All my commands are easy, short, and full:
My Sons! be proud, be selfish, and be dull.
Guard my Prerogative, assert my Throne:
This Nod confirms each Privilege your own.

Bladen-Hays] Names of Gamesters. Bladen is a black man. ROBERT KNIGHT, Cashier of the South-sea Company, who fled from England in 1720 (afterwards pardoned in 1742)— These lived with the utmost magnificence at Paris, and kept open Tables frequented by persons of the first Quality of England, and even by Princes of the Blood of France. P. and War burton. Colonel Martin Bladen was a man of some literature and translated Cæsar's Comment aries. I never could learn that he had offended Pope. He was uncle to Wm. Collins, the poet, whom he left an estate. Warton.

2 Her Children first of more distinguish'd sort, Who study Shakespeare at the Inns of Court.] Mr THOMAS EDWARDS, a Gentleman, as he is pleased to call himself, of Lincoln's Inn; but, in reality, a Gentleman only of the Dunciad; or, to speak him better, in the plain language of our honest Ancestors to such Mushrooms, A Gentleman of the last Edition: who, nobly eluding the solicitude of his careful Father, very early retained himself in the cause of Dulness against Shakespear, and with the wit and learning of his Ancestor Tom Thimble in the Rehearsal, and with the air of good nature and politeness of Caliban in the Tempest, hath now happily finished the Dunce's progress in personal abuse. SCRIBL. [Part om.] P. This attack

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on Mr Edwards is not of weight sufficient to weaken the effects of his excellent Canons of Criticism. Warton.

3 A line taken from Bramston's Men of Taste. Warton.

4a Gregorian, one a Gormogon.] A sort of Lay-brothers, Slips from the Root of the FreeMasons. P. and Warburton. [Gregorians' are mentioned as 'a convivial sect,' and 'a kind of Masons, but without their sign,' in Crabbe's Borough, Letter x.]

5 Pope refused this degree when offered to him on a visit undertaken to Oxford with Warburton, because the University would not confer the degree of D.D. upon Warburton, to whom some of its members had proposed it. Roscoe.

6 each Privilege your own, &c.] This speech of Dulness to her Sons at parting may possibly fall short of the Reader's expectation; who may imagine the Goddess might give them a charge of more consequence, and, from such a Theory as is before delivered, incite them to the practice of something more extraordinary, than to personate Running-Footmen, Jockeys, Stage Coachmen, &c.

But if it be well considered, that whatever inclination they might have to do mischief, her sons are generally rendered harmless by their Inability; and that it is the common effect of Dulness (even in her greatest efforts) to defeat

The Cap and Switch be sacred to his Grace;
With Staff and Pumps the Marquis lead the Race;
From Stage to Stage the licens'd Earl may run,
Pair'd with his Fellow-Charioteer the Sun;
The learned Baron Butterflies design,

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Or draw to silk Arachne's subtile line1;

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The Judge to dance his brother Sergeant call2;
The Senator at Cricket urge the Ball;
The Bishop stow (Pontific Luxury!)

An hundred Souls of Turkeys in a pie;
The sturdy Squire to Gallic masters stoop,
And drown his Lands and Manors in a Soupe.
Others import yet nobler arts from France,

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Teach Kings to fiddle3, and make Senates dance.
Perhaps more high some daring son may soar,
Proud to my list to add one Monarch more!
And nobly conscious, Princes are but things
Born for First Ministers, as Slaves for Kings,
Tyrant supreme! shall three Estates command,

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And MAKE ONE MIGHTY DUNCIAD OF THE LAND!"
More she had spoke, but yawn'd-All Nature nods:
What Mortal can resist the Yawn of Gods 4?
Churches and Chapels instantly it reach'd;
(St James's first, for leaden G-

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preach'd) 5

Lost was the Nation's Sense, nor could be found,
While the long solemn Unison went round:

Then catch'd the Schools; the Hall scarce kept awake; The Convocation gap'd, but could not speak:

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Wide, and more wide, it spread o'er all the realm;
Ev'n Palinurus nodded at the Helm 6:

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The Vapour mild o'er each Committee crept;
Unfinish'd Treaties in each Office slept;
And Chiefless Armies doz'd out the Campaign;
And Navies yawn'd for Orders on the Main7.

her own design; the Poet, I am persuaded, will be justified, and it will be allowed that these worthy persons, in their several ranks, do as much as can be expected from them. P. and Warburton.

Arachne's subtile line;] This is one of the most ingenious employments assigned, and therefore recommended only to Peers of Learning. Of weaving Stockings of the Webs of Spiders, see the Philosophical Transactions. P. and Warburton.

2 The Judge to dance his brother Sergeant call;] Alluding perhaps to that ancient and solemn Dance, intituled, A Call of Sergeants. P. and Warburton.

3 Teach Kings to fiddle] An ancient amusement of Sovereign Princes, (viz.) Achilles, Alexander, Nero; tho' despised by Themistocles, who was a Republican-Make Senates dance, either after their Prince, or to Pontoise, or Siberia. P. and Warburton. [The Parliament of Paris

was in 1720 relegated en masse to Pontoise, for having resisted the last desperate financial measures of Law, the author of the Mississippi scheme, and then director of the Bank of France.]

4 What Mortal can resist the Yawn of Gods?] This verse is truly Homerical; as is the conclusion of the Action, where the great Mother composes all, in the same manner as Minerva at the period of the Odyssey. P. [Part om.]

5 Dr Gilbert Archbishop of York, who had attacked Dr King of Oxford whom Pope much respected. Warton. [Bowles was informed that this prelate was a most eloquent preacher.] 6 Young's Sat. vII. v. 215:

'What felt thy Walpole, pilot of the realm? Our Palinurus slept not at the helm.-' Wakefield.

7 These verses were written many years ago, and may be found in the State Poems of that time. P. and Warburton. V. 616 is from a poem by Halifax. Wakefield.

O Muse! relate (for you can tell alone,
Wits have short Memories1, and Dunces none),
Relate, who first, who last resign'd to rest;
Whose Heads she partly, whose completely, blest;
What Charms could Faction, what Ambition lull,
The Venal quiet, and entrance the Dull;

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'Till drown'd was Sense, and Shame, and Right, and WrongO sing, and hush the Nations with thy Song!

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She comes! she comes! the sable Throne behold 2

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Of Night primæval and of Chaos old!
Before her, Fancy's gilded clouds decay,
And all its varying Rain-bows die away.
Wit shoots in vain its momentary fires,
The meteor drops, and in a flash expires.
As one by one, at dread Medea's strain 3,
The sick'ning stars fade off th' ethereal plain;
As Argus' eyes by Hermes' wand opprest,
Clos'd one by one to everlasting rest;
Thus at her felt approach, and secret might,
Art after: Art goes out, and all is Night.
See skulking Truth to her old cavern fled,
Mountains of Casuistry heap'd o'er her head!
Philosophy, that lean'd on Heav'n before,
Shrinks to her second cause, and is no more.
Physic of Metaphysic begs defence,

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And Metaphysic calls for aid on Sense!
See Mystery to Mathematics fly!

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1 Wits have short Memories,] This seems to be the reason why the Poets, whenever they give us a Catalogue, constantly call for help on the Muses, who, as the Daughters of Memory, are obliged not to forget any thing. So Homer, Iliad II. vv. 788 ff. And Virgil, E. VII. [vv. 645-6.] SCRIBL. P.

2 She comes! she comes! &c.] Here the Muse, like Jove's Eagle, after a sudden stoop at ignoble game, soareth again to the skies. As Prophecy hath ever been one of the chief provinces of Poesy, our Poet here foretels from what we feel, what we are to fear; and, in the style of other prophets, hath used the future tense for the preterite since what he says shall be, is already

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to be seen, in the writings of some even of our most adored authors, in Divinity, Philosophy, Physics, Metaphysics, &c. who are too good indeed to be named in such company. P.

3 [Cf. Ov. Met. VII. v. 209.]

4 Truth to her old Cavern fled,] Alluding to the saying of Democritus, That Truth lay at the bottom of a deep well, from whence he had drawn her: Though Butler says, He first put her in, before he drew her out. Warburton.

5 Ver 643, in the former Edd. stood thus, Philosophy, that reach'd the Heav'ns before, Shrinks to her hidden cause, and is no more. And this was intended as a censure of the Newtonian philosophy. Warburton.

IMITATIONS.

Book. I.

Ver. 140. in the former Edd. The page ad

Ver. 1. Say, great Patricians! since your mires new beauties not it's own.] selves inspire These wondrous works]

'Dii cœptis (nam vos mutastis et illas).' Ovid, Met. 1. [v. 2.]

Ver. 6. Alluding o a verse of Mr Dryden, not in MacFleckno (as is said ignorantly in the Key to the Dunciad, p. 1), but in his verses to Mr Congreve,

"And Tom the second reigns like Tom the first.' [Epistle XII. v. 48.] Ver. 41, 42. Hence hymning Tyburn'sHence, &c.]

'Genus unde Latinum, Albanique patres, atque altæ monia Romæ.' Virg. Æn. 1. [vv. 6, 7.]

Ver. 45. In clouded Majesty]

'the Moon

Rising in clouded Majesty'

Milton [Par. Lost], Book 1v. [vv. 606, 7.] Ver. 48. that knows no fears Of hisses, blows, or want, or loss of ears:]

'Miraturque novas frondes et non sua poma.' Virg. Geor. II. [v. 82.] Ver. 166. With whom my Muse began, with whom shall end.]

'A te principium, tibi desinet.'

Virg. Ecl. vIII. [v. 11.]

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'Quem neque pauperies, neque mors, neque hand my God.] vincula terrent.'

Hor. [Lib. 11. Sat. vII. v. 84.] Ver. 55. Here she beholds the Chaos dark and deep, Where nameless Somethings, &c.] That is to say, unformed things, which are either made into Poems or Plays, as the Booksellers or the Players bid most. These lines allude to the following in Garth's Dispensary, Cant. vi. 'Within the chambers of the globe they spy The beds where sleeping vegetables lie, 'Till the glad summons of a genial ray Unbinds the glebe, and calls them out to day.' Ver. 64. And ductile Dulness, &c.] A parody on a verse in Garth, Cant. I.

'How ductile matter new meanders takes.' Ver. 79. The cloud-compelling Queen] From Homer's Epithet of Jupiter, vedeλnyepéta Zeús. Var. He rolled his eyes that witness'd huge dismay.

'round he throws his [baleful] eyes, That witness'd huge affliction and dismay.' Milt. [Par. Lost], Bk. 1. [vv. 56, 7.] The progress of a bad poet in his thoughts, being (like the progress of the Devil in Milton) through a Chaos, might probably suggest this imitation.

Virg. ibid. [vv. 291, 2.] This Box my Thunder, this right!

'Dextra mihi Deus, et telum quod missile libro.'
Virgil, of the Gods of Mezentius.
[Æn. x. v. 773.]

Var. And visit Alehouse,] Waller [to the
King] on his Navy,
'Those tow'rs of Oak o'er fertile plains might go,
And visit mountains where they once did grow.'
Ver. 229. Unstain'd, untouch'd, &c.]
'Felix Priamëia virgo!
Jussa mori: quæ sortitus non pertulit ullos,
Nec victoris heri tetigit captiva cubile!
Nos, patria incensa, diversa per æquora vectæ, &c.'
Virg. Æn. III. [v. 320 ff.]

Ver. 245. And thrice he lifted high the Birthday brand,] Ovid, of Althea on a like occasion, burning her offspring:

'Tum conata quater flammis imponere torrem, Cœpta quater tenuit.'

[Metam. VIII. VV. 462, 3.] Ver. 250. Now flames the Cid, &c.] 'Jam Deïphobi dedit ampla ruinam, Vulcano superante domus; jam proximus ardet Ucalegon.'En. 11. [vv. 310-2.] Ver. 263. Great in her charms! as when on Shrieves and May'rs She looks and breathes herself into their airs.]

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