An interrogative sentence may contain a declarative statement or a command.

(1) Did the officer shout "Let go the anchor"?

(2) Did you say "I have lost my pen"?

When a declarative or imperative sentence ends with an inserted interrogative or exclamatory sentence, the usual period is omitted, and the sentence ends with the mark of punctuation appropriate to the inserted sentence. EXERCISES.

1. Increase the following sentences in length as fully as you can without changing their kind:

(1) He arrived this morning.

(2) Who is that man?

(3) How high that tree is!

(4) There is not a cloud to be seen.

(5) Not a sound was heard.

(6) Come over to our house.

(7) Judge not.

(8) What a day that was!

(9) Listen!

(10) The earth is round.

(11) Let us go and see.

(12) Where is the city?

(13) "Fear not,” he said.

(14) We asked the way to the city.

2. State the kind of sentence to which each of the following sentences belongs:

(1) We are going to the country to-morrow.

(2) Which do you like the better, the seashore or the mountains? (3) I have never been to the seashore.

(4) How interesting it must be to keep continually visiting new

places!

(5) England expects every man to do his duty.

(6) Can't you come to see us soon?

(7) Go down to the barn and see why Carlo is barking.
(8) Let no man speak evil of his neighbor.

(9) Where is my hat?

(10) Lend me yours until I can find mine. (11) What a terrible thing deceit is!

(12) Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State!

(13) There was a thunder of applause when I came to that part where Richard cries for "a horse, a horse!"

(14) So much the better! So much the better!

(15) Well, it looks more like a ruin than an inn.

(16) The chilliness of the apartment crept to their bones, and they were glad to return to a common chamber, or kind

of hall, where was a fire burning in a huge cavern, miscalled a chimney.

(17) What should I do if my family should be ruined and brought upon the parish?

(18) Don't think that what is agreeable to you must for that reason be agreeable to everybody else.

3. State the kind of each of the sentences in the following paragraph:

A LONG VOYAGE.
LONG

"Six months at sea! Yes, reader, as I live, six months out of sight of land, cruising after the sperm-whale beneath the scorching sun of the Line, and tossed on the billows of the wide-rolling Pacific-the sky above, the sea around, and nothing else! Weeks and weeks ago our fresh provisions were all exhausted. There is not a sweetpotato left, not a single yam. Those glorious bunches of bananas which once decorated our stern and quarter-deck have, alas, disappeared. And the delicious oranges which hung suspended from our tops and stays, they, too, are gone. Yes, they are all departed, and there is nothing left us but salt-horse and sea-biscuit. Oh, ye state-room sailors, who make so much ado about a fourteen-days' passage across the Atlantic; who so pathetically relate the privations and hardships of the sea, where, after a day of breakfasting,

lunching, dining off five courses, chatting, playing whist, and drinking champagne-punch, it was your hard lot to be shut up in little cabinets of mahogany and maple and sleep for ten hours, with nothing to disturb you but 'those good-for-nothing tars, shouting and tramping over-head,'—what would you say to our six months out of sight of land?"-MELVILLE, Typee, Chapter I.

10. The Constructions of Words.-Examine the following declarative sentences, and observe how easily they may be separated into their elements.

In these sentences the words in the first column outside the parentheses all have the same relative position; that is, they are all in the same Construction. And so likewise the words of the second column are in the same construction, and those of the third column. Since these various parts are found regularly in sentences, it is convenient to give them names. In the sentence, Fishes swim, the word Fishes is called the Subject, and the word swim the Predicate of the sentence. In the sentence, Dogs hunt rabbits, the word Dogs is the Subject, hunt is the Predicate, and rabbits is the Object. The predicate of a sentence is always a verb, and the subject and object are usually nouns or pronouns. Every sentence must have a predicate, and, unless the sentence is an imperative sentence of a single word, also a subject; but all sentences do not require an object. The subject, predicate, and object are always the main words in the sentence, and, in order to find them, pick out from the rest of the sentence

those words which are most necessary for making the statement of the sentence.

II. Simple and Complete Subject.-One must distinguish, however, between the Simple Subject, Predicate, and Object, and the Complete Subject, Predicate, and Object. In the sentence, Fishes swim, both subject and predicate are simple. In the second sentence subject, predicate, and object are all simple. But in the sentence, All the plants flourished, the word plants is the simple subject, the whole phrase All the plants being the complete subject. Likewise, in the fourth sentence, the simple subject is the word fish, the complete subject being the phrase The fish; the simple predicate is the word swam, the complete predicate is the phrase swam rapidly. In the fifth sentence, the complete subject is the phrase The stroke of noon, the predicate, which is simple, is the word ended, and the complete object is again a phrase, the tedious ceremonies.

The Simple Subject is the word which names the person, place, or thing, from which the assertion of the sentence proceeds.

The Simple Predicate is the word which makes the assertion of the sentence.

The Simple Object is the word which names the person, place, or thing which is directly affected by the assertion of the predicate.

The Complete Subject, Predicate, and Object consist respectively of the Simple Subject, Predicate, and Object, with the dependent words that go with them.

The Simple Subject is always a noun or a pronoun, or the equivalent of a noun.

The Simple Predicate is always a verb.

The Simple Object is always a noun or a pronoun, or the equivalent of a noun.

The other words which go to make up the complete subject, predicate, and object are of various parts of speech, and are called the Modifiers of the subject, predicate, and object.

12. Practical Test.-In a declarative sentence the subject is always the word or words which answer the question Who? or What? before the verb. Thus the sentence Fishes swim, when put into the form of the question Who or What swim?, demands the answer Fishes, which is the subject of the sentence. The object of a sentence is the word or words which answer the question Whom? or What? after the verb. The sentence, Dogs hunt rabbits, when put into the form of the question, Dogs hunt whom or what?, demands the answer Rabbits, which is the object of the sentence. Be careful not to mistake a prepositional phrase for the object of the sentence. The sentence, The tree fell with a crash, for example, has no object, since the verb does not require one; with a crash is merely a prepositional phrase, and as a whole it has the value of an adverb, modifying the verb fell by showing how the tree fell.

13. Order of Words.-The order of words is different in different kinds of sentences. In the declarative sentence the order is simplest, consisting usually of subject first, predicate next, and object, if there is one, following the predicate. But this is not always the order of words in the declarative sentence. Sometimes the subject comes