last, as in the sentence, There goes my hat. Especially in poetry the order of words is likely to be involved and irregular. Thus the sentence, Now glowed the firmament with living sapphires, from Milton's Paradise Lost, would be in prose, Now the firmament glowed with living sapphires; and the sentence, Twilight gray had in her sober livery all things clad, would be in prose, Gray twilight had clad all things in her sober livery. When in doubt as to the construction of words, always change the sentence to its simplest prose order.

When the imperative sentence consists of a single word, as, for example, the verb Halt!, it is of course not capable of further analysis. Such a sentence contains only a predicate, the subject not being expressed at all. But in a sentence like Perish the thought, the word Perish is the predicate, and the complete subject is the phrase the thought. Sometimes, also, for the sake of emphasis, the pronominal subject of the imperative sentence is expressed, as in the sentence, You go and shut the door; this was more commonly done in earlier English than it is now, as in the sentence, Look thou to my house, from Shakespeare. Usually, however, the subject is not given at all, as in the following further examples:

In the following sentences point out the simple subject,

predicate, and, when there is one, the simple object of each:

(1) Distance lends enchantment.

(2) Water flows, wind blows.1
(3) The king lives.

(4) The sun warms the earth.

(5) The cold wind blows and the white snow falls.

(6) Light purses make heavy hearts.

(7) Time works wonders.

(8) Time and tide wait for no man.

(9) Oh, I see it!

(10) Great oaks from little acorns grow.

(11) Along the bridge Lord Marmion rode.

(12) Who goes there?

(13) The tide ran rapidly.

(14) Slowly and sadly we laid him down.

(15) At the door on summer evenings Sat the little Hiawatha.

(16) Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy stands.

(17) The dawn now lights the eastern hills.

(18) Charity begins at home.

(19) All bloodless lay the untrodden snow.

(20) Every cloud has a silver lining.

(21) Down fell the mast with a mighty crash.

(22) Haste makes waste.

(23) High over the gates the tall tower rose. (24) Love me, love my dog.

(25) With my cross-bow I shot the albatross.

(26) The winds blew and the floods came.

(27) Roused by importunate knocks, I rose, I turned the key,

and let them in.

(28) At the entrance to the castle sat a grim watchman.

(29) No man sees his own face.

1 Some sentences, like this one, contain more than one subject, predicate, and, if objects are required, more than one object.

(30) Here the legion made its last stand.

(31) Who knows the secrets of the stars?

(32) Up hill and down dale rode the untiring messenger. (33) Boldly they rode and well.

(34) Day after day the citizens awaited his return.

(35) With her hands full of flowers and a wreath around her head, the maiden welcomed us to her father's dwelling. (36) A book with its leaves uncut reproaches its owner. (37) He bought a house with a large garden back of it. (38) The appearance of Rip, with his long, grizzled beard, his rusty fowling-piece, his uncouth dress, and an army of women and children at his heels, soon attracted the attention of the tavern politicians.

(39) The clouds in bars of rusty red

Along the hill-tops glow.

(40) The breaking waves dashed high

On a stern and rock-bound coast,
And the woods against a stormy sky
Their giant branches tossed.

14. The Verb-phrase.-The verb which forms the simple predicate of a sentence may consist of a single word, or it may consist of several words which together form a Verb-phrase. This verb-phrase has the same value and is to be treated exactly like the verb consisting of a single word. The words forming a verb-phrase are sometimes separated from each other by other words of the sentence. The verb-phrases in the following sentences are in italics. (1) He has bought a house.

(2) They have been building a boat.

(3) Have you seen my brother?

(4) He is coming to-morrow.

(5) Does he know Mr. Thompson?

(6) They must give an answer or they will be punished.

(7) Shall I see you again before to-morrow?

(8) Are you going to the game?

(9) They do not hear you.

(10) Will the new president of the society be elected to-day? (11) He has often spoken of you.

(12) Tom will sing a song.

15. Interrogative Sentences.-The order of subject, predicate, and object in the interrogative sentence varies. In the following examples it is the same as in the declarative sentence:

But the object may come first, followed by the predicate and then the subject, as in the following examples:

In sentences of this sort, however, the predicate usually consists of several words, that is, it is a verb-phrase, and the subject then comes between the parts of the predicate, as in the following sentences:

Sometimes also the predicate verb comes first, followed

by the subject and then the object:

Predicate.
Have

Subject.

you

Object.

any wool?

But here also we usually have a verb-phrase as predicate, with the subject standing between the parts of the verb:

16. Exclamatory Sentences.-Since the exclamatory sentence may be either declarative, imperative, or interrogative in form, the order of subject, predicate, and object would be the same as in those kinds of sentences.

EXERCISES.

1. Give first the simple subject, then the complete subject, of the following sentences:

(1) The curfew tolls the knell of parting day.

(2) Over the hills and over the valleys the white horse sped. (3) He lifted the rock easily.

(4) The newly elected chairman presided with dignity and

authority.

(5) Here comes your father.

(6) Who killed cock-robin?
(7) "I," said the sparrow.

(8) After the game we rode home.

(9) Leaning over the side, the boatman quickly seized him by

the coat.

(10) Tennis requires a quick eye.

(11) Hunting develops all of one's resources.

(12) In spite of their earnest efforts, the troops arrived too late.

(13) Down he went on all fours.

(14) Have you seen my new hat?

(15) The great ship, after this exchange of courtesies, continued

on its way.

(16) Quick as a flash his fist shot out.