Absolute participle, 163.
Address, words of, 227.
Adjective, defined, 2, 38, 100; de-

scriptive, 100; pronominal,
101; possessive, 101; nouns
as adjectives and adjectives as
nouns, 102; comparison of,
102-104; attributive, apposi-
tive and predicate adjectives,
104, 116; objective comple-
ment, 105; articles, 106-109.
Adjective preposition, 209.
Adverb, defined, 3, 38, 194; classi-

fication of, 196; negative and
interrogative adverbs, 198;
compound, 199; comparison,
199; extent of time, space,
etc., 201.

Analysis of sentences, 231-232.
Anglo-Saxon, 255-256.

Anomalous or unclassified verbs,
181-183.

Antecedent of pronouns, 70-71.
Anticipatory subject, 74.
Apostrophe, use of, 267.
Apposition, 62-64.

Appositive coördination, 217.
Articles, definite and indefinite,
106-109.

As, relative pronoun, 84; adverb,
202; preposition, 210.

Auxiliary verbs, 121.

Brackets, use of, 268.

But, relative pronoun, 85.

Capitalization, rules of, 269–270.
Cardinal numerals, 223.
Case, nominative, 56; predicate
nominative, 56, 116; object-
ive, 57; object complement,
57; dative object, 58; pos-
sessive, 58-61.

Celtic Britain, 254.

Clause, defined, 25; noun clauses,
30; adjective clauses, 80;
adverb clauses, 195.
Cognate object, 114.
Colon, use of, 265.
Comma, use of, 266.
Comparison, 47, 102-104.
Conjugation, 47, 119.
Conjunction, defined, 3, 39, 213;
coördinating and subordinat-
ing, 214-216; correlative, 216--
217; appositive, 217; exple-
tive, 218.

Construction of words, 5, 14.
Contraction, 133.

Copulative verbs, 115-116.

Dangling participles, 163.
Danish Conquest, 258.
Dative object, 58.
Declension, 47.
Defective verbs, 183.

Demonstrative adjectives, 94.
Demonstrative pronouns, 93–94.
Diagraming of sentences, 232-252.

Elliptical sentences and clauses,
228-230.
Emphatic verb-phrases, 131.

English language, extent of use,
253-254; as literary language,
254; compared with German,
256-257; Latin words in, 259;
Modern English, 260; sound
changes, 260; inflectional
changes, 261; dialects of, 262;
standard English, 262; for-
mal, colloquial, and vulgar
English, 263.
Exclamation point, use of, 265.
Expletive conjunction, 218.
Extent of time, space, and amount,

201.

Gender, defined, 42; ways of in-
dicating, 42-45.

Grammar, defined, 5.

Hyphen, use of, 269.

Impersonal subject and object, 74.
Indefinite adjective, 96.
Indefinite pronoun, 95–96.
Indentation, 270.

Independent elements, 225-228.
Infinitive, in verb-phrases, 123; as

as

noun, 151-152; sign of, and
split infinitive, 153-154;
adjective, 154-155; as adverb,
155-156; in -ing, 156-157; as
object complement, 159; inde-
pendent infinitive phrase, 226.
Inflection, defined, 4; ways of in-
dicating, 46.

Interjection, defined, 4, 221; weak-

ened interjections, 221-222.
Interrogation point, use of, 265.
Interrogative adjective, 90-91.
Interrogative pronouns, 89-90.
Interrogative verb-phrases, 131.

Negative verb-phrases, 131.
Norman Conquest, 258-259.
Noun clauses, 30.
Noun, defined, 2, 37; common and

proper, 40-41; masculine,
feminine, common and neu-
ter, 42-46; singular and plural,
47-55; collective, 51.

Number, of nouns, 47; of verbs,
119.
Numerals, defined, 222; cardinals
and ordinals, 223-224.

Object, defined, 15; simple and
complete, 15-16; compound,
23; cognate, 114; retained in
passive, 148.
Object complement, 57.
Objective complement, 105.
Order of words, 16-21.
Ordinal numerals, 223.

Parsing, defined, 64.
Participles, in verb-phrases, 123;
dangling and absolute, 163-
164; tense and voice of, 164;
distinguished from infinitive
in -ing, 165; independent par-
ticipial phrase, 226.

Parts of speech, defined, 1-4; how
to determine, 35.

Period, use of, 264.

Person, of pronouns, 71; of verbs,
118.

Personification, 45.

Phrase, defined, 25; prepositional,
3; adjective and verbal, 105-
106; independent, 226–227.
Possessive case, 58-61.
Predicate, defined, 15; simple and
complete, 15-16; compound,

23.
Predicate adjective, 104, 116-117.
Predicate nominative, 56.
Preposition, defined, 3, 38, 205-
206; object of, 206-207; com-
pound, 207; prepositional ad-
verb, 207-208; adjective and
conjunctive, 209.

Progressive verb-phrases, 130.
Pronoun, defined, 2, 37, 68; kinds

of, 69-70; antecedent of, 70-
71; personal, 71-73; imper-
sonal, 74; anticipatory sub-
ject, 74; compound personal,
75; reflexive, 76; relative, 78-
89; double relative, 79; re-
strictive and non-restrictive

Quotation marks, use of, 268.

Semicolon, use of, 265.
Sentences, how indicated, 1; de-

fined, 8; distinguished from
phrases, 8-9; of one word, 9-
10; declarative, imperative,
interrogative and exclama-
tory, 10-11; length of, 11-12;
simple, complex and com-
pound, 24-28; independent
and elliptical elements, 225-
230.
Shall and will, in future verb-
phrases, 124-127; other uses
of, 127-129.

Than, as preposition, 209-210.
That, relative pronoun and con-
junction, 85.

The, as adverb, 200.
There, anticipatory, 199–200.
Transitivity, 114.

Verb, defined, 3, 38, 112; transi-
tive and intransitive, 113-114;
copulative, 115; tenses of, 117,
122; person of, 118; number
of, 119; conjugation of, 119,
173-181; regular and irregu-
lar, 136-145; voice, 145-147;
moods, 167-172; anomalous
or unclassified, 181–187.
Verbals, 151-167, see separately
under infinitives and parti-

ciples.
Verb-phrases, defined, 19; sepa-
rated, 20; in forming tenses,
120-122; progressive, 130-131;
emphatic, interrogative, and
negative, 131-132.
Voice, of verbs, 145.
What, double relative, 79;
clamatory, 92.

ex-