so vital to the theory of transmutation was gratuitously assumed by its advocate."1
4. In Lyell's Antiquity of Man, first edition, quoted frequently by Dr. Hodge, and published in 1863, the five concluding chapters, occupying one hundred and twenty-five octavo pages, are devoted to an appreciative statement of Darwin's views, with no adverse comments, and with evident attempt to smooth the way for its reception.
5. In the tenth edition of the Principles which was published four years before the second volume of Dr. Hodge's Theology, Lyell unequivocally adopts the Darwinian theory in all its essentials.
After having referred with approval to some of the Duke of Argyll's criticisms on the "Origin of Species," Lyell proceeds as follows: "The author, however, of the Reign of Law,' has by no means argued, like the majority of Mr. Darwin's opponents, as if nothing had been gained by the theory of natural selection, merely because this principle may have had functions assigned to it far higher than it can possibly discharge. The real question at issue- that on which the Origin of Species' has thrown so much light is the same as that discussed by us in the last ten chapters. It is not whether we can explain the creation of species, but whether species have been introduced into the world, one after the other, in the form of new varieties of antecedent organisms, and in the way of ordinary generation; or have been called into being by some other agency, such as the direct intervention of the First Cause. Was Lamarck right, assuming progressive development to be true, in supposing that the changes of the organic world may have been effected by the gradual and insensible modification of older pre-existing forms? Mr. Darwin, without absolutely proving this, has made it appear in the highest degree probable, by an appeal to many distinct and independent classes of phenomena in natural history and geology, but principally by showing the manner in which a multitude of new and competing varieties are always made to survive in the struggle for life. The tenor of his reasoning is not to be gainsayed by affirming that the causes or processes which bring about the improvement or differentiation of organs, and the general advance of the organic world from the simpler to the more complex remain as inscrutable to us as ever. When first the doctrine of the origin of species by transmutation was proposed, it was objected that such a theory substituted a material, self-adjusting machinery for a Supreme Creative Intelligence. But the more the idea of a slow and insensible change from lower to higher organisms, brought about in the course of millions of generations according to a preconceived plan, has become familiar to men's minds, the more conscious they have become that the amount of power, wisdom, design, or forethought required for such a gradual evolution of life, is as great as that which is implied by a multitude
1 Principles of Geology (10th ed.), pp. 251, 252.
of the Russian church, 548; Ro-
man Catholic doctrine, 550; Lu-
theran view, 551; doctrine of the
church of England, 554; Presby-
terian view, 557; Congregational
view, 558; John Robinson, 559;
Thomas Shepard, 561; Cambridge
Platform, 562; Half-Way Cove-
nant, 563; Cotton Mather and Dr.
Bellamy, 565; Samuel Hopkins,
566; Dr. Wardlaw, 567; Josiah
Hopkins, 568; the Andover Creed,
570; Pres. N. A. Stearns, 570;
Dr. L. Woods, 571; E. B. Foster,
L. Griggs, Dr. N. Adams, 572;
Dr. Pond, 573; Pres. Noah Porter,
574; R. W. Dale, 574; Campbellite
view, 575.
Bellew's From the Indus to the Tigris,
noticed, 588.
Bissell's Historic Origin of the Bible.
noticed. 197.
Böhringer's, F., Athanasius and
Arius, noticed, 774.
Book Rarities at Washington, arti-
cle on, by Frederic Vinton, 97;
the life of a librarian one of drudg
ery mingled with pleasure, 97; al-
lusion to Audiffreddi, 97; books
once owned by eminent men or
belonging to celebrated collections
often found in large libraries, 98;
book once owned by De Tuou,
100; by Pastoret, 101; a copy of
Pindar owned by Jean Benoit,
104; one of Cardinal Cajetan's,
105; a Latin Manuscript of the
Bible, 107; the editio princeps of
Aristotle, 109.
Bunnett's Central Asia and the An-
glo-Russian Frontier, noticed, 591.
Burke, Edmund, article on, 507.
Burrage, Rev. H. S., article by,
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693; the king of sacrifices, 693; its
significance, 694; the fundamental
idea of sacrifices among the Hin-
doos, 696; the bloody and blood-
less sacrifices, 696; the cosmical
character of Hindoo sacrifices,
698; the sacrifice of the horse and
the ox, 700; Egyptian sacrifices,
701; their principal sacrifice, 702;
its significance, 703; the sacrifice
of the ram, 705; of the swine, 706;
the cosmical character of Egyp-
tian sacrifices, 707; sacrifice of
Typhonic animals, 708; use of the
blood, 709; sacrifices in Central
and Hither Asia, 710; the religious
ideas prevalent here, 710; vege-
table offerings most in use, 710;
sacrifices offered to the sun, 711;
human sacrifices, 713; the funda-
mental idea of sacrifices in the view
of these nations, 714; Chinese sac-
rifices, 715; those offered by the
Emperor, 715; sacrifice offered at
the opening of spring, 716; Grecian
sacrifices, 716; views of the nature
of the gods among the Greeks and
Romans, 717; the principle that
like delights in like, 718; the sac-
rifice to Jupiter at Athens, 720;
its origin and significance, 721;
the idea of guilt in this sacrifice,
723; Roman sacrifices, the Fordi-
cidia, 723; that of swine, 723;
sacrifices among the Germans and
the Northmen, 724; results of this
discussion, the blood the chief
element in the sacrifice, 725; the
blood the seat of life, 725; mean-
ing of the word atonement, 726;
relation of the sacrifice to the
sacrificer and to the divinity,728;
contrast with Mosaic sacrifices,
729.
Correspondence, 177.
Cox's Expositor's Note Book,noticed,
D.
Delitzsch, Dr. Franz, article trans-
lated, 528.
Deutsch's, Emanuel, Literary Re-
mains, noticed, 783.
Divine and Human. Union of, in
Christ, article on, 615.
Duncker's, Max, Ancient History,
noticed, 775.
E.
Edmund Burke, article on, by George
Shepard, D. D., 507; birth and
early training, 507; studies for the
bar, 508; his treatise on the sub-
lime and beautiful, 509; joins the
Rockingham administration, 510;
period of Lord North's premier-
ship, 511; impeachment of Warren
Hastings, 512; withdraws from
parliament in 1794, 515; his death,
515; his person and character,
516; family affections, 516; im-
agination and knowledge, 517;
cast of his mind, 517; remarkable
as a writer and speaker, 518; in-
troduces a new era in oratory and
in writing, 519; features of his
oratory, 520; his power over facts,
522; not in the highest sense an
orator, 523; his unmatched power
as a writer, 525.
Exegesis of Acts xxvi. 28, 29, article,
by Rev. Henry S. Burrage, 401;
Agrippa generally taken to be set
forth in this passage as almost a
Christian, 402; this view generally
taken by commentators, 403; al-
most not the proper rendering of
èv òxíyw, 404; what is the proper
rendering? 405; question whether
the phrase should have a temporal
or a quantitative sense, 407; the
meaning of Agrippa in his address
to Paul, 408; was he in jest? 408;
did he mean to speak scornfu ly?
408; Paul's reply to Agrippa, 409;
Paul's reply in harmony with his
own character, 407; in harmony
with his missionary spirit, 411;
Agrippa known to be in need of
salvation, 411; the gospel known
to be an adequate means of salva-
tion, 411; the passage when prop-
erly explained pregnant with in-
struction to rejectors of the gos-
pel, 413; the proper attitude to-
wards such by the preacher of the
gospel, 414.
Faith, the Basis of Science, article
on, 74.
Fischer's, Kuno, History of Philos-
ophy, noticed, 182.
Foundations of Theology Sure, The,
article on, by Thomas Hill, D.D.,
VOL. XXXI. No. 124.
209; instinctive desires and aver-
sions the ground of our belief in
the existence of certain outward
objects, 209; this true of our relig-
ious sentiments, 210; these senti-
ments not a mere awe of the un-
knowable, 211; the sentiments of
awe and reverence make us cer-
tain of the existence of God, 212;
man ever yearns for the infinite,
213; a difficulty in regard to the
the
reflex action of the brain upon
mind, 215; in the case of vision or
hearing, 215; the existence of the
idea of perfection a proof of a per-
fect Creator, 215; an image of
perfection not possible, 216; the
longing for communion with God,
216; objections against religious
knowledge drawn from the rela-
tivity of knowledge, 217; knowl-
edge consists either of self-evident
truths or truths connected with
them, 217; our intuitions give us
truth, 218; God made up of attri-
butes seen in ourselves and infi-
nitely expanded, 219; the first
cause not wholly inscrutable, 220;
Herbert Spencer's assertion that
the ultimate cause is without the
necessity of planning and contriv-
ing, 221; the outcry against teleo-
logical arguments arises from a con-
fusion of thought, 223; the objec-
tion that we know not the relation
of things but the relation of rela-
tions, 223; all observed relations
only relations of finites, 224; all
finite things the effects of a cause,
224; the first cause related to all
its effects, 225; the apparent blend-
ing of the two parts of human
nature into one series of functions
and faculties, 226; the unorgan-
ized clod is not thinking and feel-
ing, 227; the ultimate cause nec-
essarily spiritual. 228; the free-
dom of the human will implied in
moral distinctions, 229; Spencer's
first argument against the free-
dom of the will, that fixed laws ad-
mit no choice, 229; his second
argument, 230; the third, that
man being free would interfere
with the beneficent purposes of
the Creator, 231.
G.
Galilee in the Time of Christ, article
on, by Rev. Selah Merrill, 29;
general ignorance in regard to
Galilee, 29; government of the
country from B.C. 47 to A.D. 66,
32; on the names "Galilee" and
"Galilee of the Gentiles," 34; ex-
tent of Galilee and population to
a square mile, 34; fertility and
richness of Galilee, 37; the coun-
try greatly favored by nature, 39;
the waters of Galilee, 41; Plain
of Gennesareth, 44; agricultural
productions and manufactures,
45; oil, 45; certain places noted
for particular productions or man-
ufactures, 47; fisheries of the Sea
of Galilee, 49; the Sea of Galilee
a focus of life and activity, 51;
noted cities and towns of Galilee,
52; correctness of Josephus' state-
ment as to the number of towns
and inhabitants probably correct,
58; the Galileans a thoroughly
Jewish people, 62; an agricultural
people, 64; patriotic and coura-
geous, 65; their ancestors eminent
for bravery, 69; great respect for
law and order, 70. Religion, edu-
cation, and morals among the Gal-
ileans, 235; the Galileans equally
zealous for the Mosaic religion
with the people of the south, 241;
the development of the poetical
talent among the Galileans, 243;
prophets, judges, and other famous
men of Galilee, 244; wealth and
material prosperity of Galilee,
247; contempt felt for Galilee in
Judea, 251; on account of the
dialect of the people, 253; a feel-
ing of superiority on the part of
the Judeans, 256; character and
probable size of Nazareth, 258;
origin of the name, 259; the
seclusion of Nazareth, 261; adap-
tation of Galilee for the first re-
ception of Christ and his apostles,
263.
Gardiner, F., D.D., article by, 416.
"General Philosophy" of Herbert
Spencer, The, article on, by M.
Stuart Phelps, Ph.D., 659; phi-
losophy presupposes certain pri-
mary data, 660; three tests of the
validity of these, 660; consistency
the only test distinctly formulated,
661; Spencer assumes the existence
of thought, 662; his assumptions in
regard to the nature of thought,
662; assumes the existence of free-
will, 663; fundamental intuitions
assumed concerning the mode and
laws of thought, 665; as to the
mode of thought, 665; as to the
conditions of thought, 666; assumes
time and space as necessary forms
of intuition, 666; his assumption
of the law of cause and effect,
669; every relative must have its
correlate, 670; the validity of
mathematical axioms, 670; outline
of the system which he presents,
671; postulates an absolute power,
671; is this power inconceivable ?
671; does it absorb the ego? 672;
can it be in any way limited? 673;
has it a real existence? 674; con-
tradictions involved in Spencer's
answers to this question, 675; ex-
planation of these contradictions,
677; postulate of the existence of
a material world, 678; Spencer's
fundamental principle of the per-
sistence of force, 678; the system
of evolution destroys all proof of
this law, 679; three interpretations
of the law, 680; force must persist
under manifestations, 680; the
possible interpretations of this law,
681; the true interpretations of
the law, 683; examination of the
deductions drawn from the law,
684; relations among forces per-
sist, 684; the indestructibility of
matter, 686; rhythm a necessary
characteristic of all motion, 687;
the law of the continuous redistri-
bution of matter and motion, 688;
steps in the deductive proof of
evolution, 689; general conclusion,
Goltz's, Prof., Fundamental Truths
of Christianity, noticed, 378,
Greg's Enigmas of Life, noticed,
Greg's Literary and Social Judg-
ments, noticed, 186.
Guthrie's, Thomas, Autobiography,
noticed, 397.
Halle, Letter from, 177.
Hausrath's Religious Addresses and
Meditations, noticed, 386.
Hefele's, Dr. C. J., History of the
Councils, noticed, 774.
Heidelberg, Letter from, 177.
Herbert Spencer's Religion, article
on, by Prof. John W. Mears, 300;
difference between his views and
those of Mill, 300; of Sir William
Hamilton, 301; Spencer's attempt
at reconciliation of religion and
science, 301; his own statement of
his position, 302; ontology placed
first in his speculations, 302; his
religious idea, 303; a pure mono-
theism always in existence, 304;
not true that science should have
the whole credit for the progress
of religion from the lower to the
higher stages, 304; Herbert
Spencer the most religious of all
men, 307; process by which he
reaches ultimate religious ideas,
308; the first cause not an ultimate
religious idea 309; Spencer's own
account of the ultimate religious
idea, 310; incorrectness of this ac-
count, 311.
Hebrew Tense, The, article on, by
A. B. Rich, D.D., 115; Hebrew
supposed at one time to have been
the original human speech, 115;
the language very ancient, 116;
the tense a great difficulty in the
study of Hebrew, 117; the idea
of time in the abstract, 117; the
tense called by some the imper-
fect properly the future, 118; in
harmony with the general analogy
of the language, 118; the two
tenses direct opposites in regard
to time, as shown by the method
in which the pronouns are used,
119; by the derivation of the im-
perative from the second tense,
120; by a consideration of its use,
121; by its power over verbs con-
nected with it by the copulative
1, 122; these two tenses corre-
spond with our absolute past and
future, 122; each of them capable
of performing the office of a
present, 122; capable also of be-
ing used with still greater latitude
of signification, 125; the past may
sometimes be used to denote a
future action, 125; the absolute
future sometimes used to designate
a past act, 126; the wav consecu-
tive preterite and future, 127; for-
mation of the relative past tense,
128; the relative future tense,
132; recapitulation, 134.
Hervey's System of Christian Rhet-
oric, noticed, 193.
Hill, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., articles
by, 1, 209, 436, 593.
Historical Illustrations of the Old
Testament, article on, by Rev.
George H. Whittemore, 159; al-
lusion to Rawlinson's work with
this title, 159; its object, 159; ac-
count of the contents of the work,
160; the truth of the Bible con-
firmed by its agreement with con-
temporary history and tradition,
160; historical illustration impossi-
ble for the first 2000 years, 161;
verification of the tenth chapter
of Genesis, 162; the biography of
Abraham, 163; the two centuries
embraced in the last four books of
the Pentateuch, 165; Matthew
Arnold's comment on the passage
of the Red Sea, 166; the forty
years in the wilderness, 168; the
period from Moses to David, 168;
the Kings and Chronicles, 169;
the Assyrian captivity, 170; great
worth of the work of Rawlinson,
History in Alphabets, article on, by
Rev. John C. C. Clark, 333;
Hieroglyphic alphabet, 335; Hier-
atic, 335; Demotic, 335; Egyptian
source of all alphabets, 336; com-
mon Shemitic or Canaanite, 336;
alphabets of Asia Minor, 337;
Greek, Italian, and Spanish, 338;
historical inferences, 338; Runic
alphabet, 339; stenography, 339;
small letters, 339; European from
Roman letters, 340; European
from Greek, 340; Meso-Gothic and
Sclavic, 340; Coptic, Egyptian,
Georgian, and Armenian, 341;
Himyarite, 342; Ethiopic and
Lybian, 343; Assyrian, Babylo-
nian, Chaldaic, square and cursive,
344; square Aramaic and Hebrew,
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