NEST OF THE SWALLOW, HAWK, WOOD-PECKER. 21

Teach him, ALL VIOLENCE IS WRONG-
A truth as useful as it's strong:

He must not rob the Sons of Song.

Nay, that the BIRDS should be as FREE,
As wisheth and expecteth HE.

the Baltimore oriole builds also on it in the American towns. The house sparrow builds also very often in the ivy attached to the walls of dwelling-houses: many nests of this bird were to be seen among the ivy covering the front of a house in Montpellier-row on Blackheath, September 1825.

Swallows construct their nests externally of clay; they are lined with straw and feathers. The favourite site of the swallow's nest is the interior and near the tops of chimneys; they, however, occasionally build in other places. The Martin builds its nest similarly to the swallow, but the entrance to it is more confined: the usual place for martins' nests is under the eaves of houses, particularly those whose walls are covered with what is called rough-cast, or in the corners of a stopped-up window.

The Wood-Pigeon's nest is made with only a few sticks, merely sufficient to retain the cggs; an extraordinary nest for such a bird, when the habits of the domestic pigeon are considered. They generally build on trees. I have seen a woodpigeon's nest on a yew-tree; it is more frequently, I believe, found on the elm or the fir.

The Hawk's nest (Fulco tinnunculus) or Kestril, is similar to the wood-pigeon's: I have seen it on an apple-tree.

The Wood-Pecker's nest is made in the trunk of some tree, a hole in which the bird scoops out with his bill; the entrance is round, and just large enough to admit the bird.

Several of our English birds make their nests on the ground: among these may be named the Skylark, the Partridge, the Redbreast, &c. &c.; and, of course, most of those having palmate feet, as the Duck, Goose, Swan, &c.

There's no effect without a cause:

This one of Nature's wisest laws.

To be all which you may desire

Your child will certain things require :

Among the NESTS of FOREIGN BIRDS, that of the Taylor Bird deserves especial mention: the bird itself is a diminutive one, being little more than three inches long; it is an inhabitant of India. The nest is sometimes constructed of two leaves, one of them dead; the latter is fixed to the living one as it hangs upon the tree, by sewing both together in the manner of a pouch or purse it is open at the top, and the cavity is filled with fine down; and, being suspended from the branch, the birds are secure from the depredations of snakes and monkeys, to which they might otherwise fall a prey.

In Dr. LATHAM's collection is a specimen of the taylor bird's nest, composed of a single large leaf, of a fibrous rough texture, about six inches long independent of the stalk, five inches and a half in breadth, and ending in a point. The sides of this leaf are drawn together so as to meet within three-quarters of an inch; within is the nest, about four inches deep and two broad, opening at the top; the bottom of the leaf is drawn upwards, to assist in the support of it. This interior nest is composed of white down, with here and there a feather and a small portion of white down intermixed.

Another nest of this bird has also been described as composed of several leaves, like those of some kind of hazel sewed together; the inner nest formed of dry bents, fibres, and hairs, suspended from a tree. It is, therefore, probable that this bird, as well as some others, varies the structure of its nest as occasion and the materials may require. These singular works are performed by the bird's using his bill instead of a needle, and vegetable fibres for thread. We still want, however, more information on this interesting subject. See the note on the Taylor bird in Part II.

Fit circumstances must surround
Him, or your wishes he'll confound.
Crabs on the cherry do not grow,

Nor does the pine produce the sloe;

The Rufous Bee-eater, or Merops Rufus, constructs also a very singular nest. This bird is a native of Buenos Ayres; the nest is built generally on the naked great branch of a tree, some. times on the windows of houses, a fence, or a projecting beam of a high house or other building: it is composed of earth, in the form of a baker's oven, and is often built in the short space of two days, both birds being engaged in its construction; it is six inches in diameter, and one thick; a division is within, beginning at the entrance, and carried circularly, so that the eggs are deposited in the inner chamber, on a bed of grass. The swallow and other birds often attempt to obtain possession of this nest, but are generally repulsed by the owners.

Many of the Orioles' nests are also deserving notice. The black and yellow Oriole, (Oriolus persicus,) inhabiting South America, has a pendent nest, shaped like an alembic; it is affixed to the extreme branches of trees; sometimes, it is said, so many as four hundred nests are found hanging on the same tree. See the note on the Orioles in Part II.

The Philippine and Pensile Grosbeak make also very curious nests. See the note on the Grosbeak, &c. in Part I.

In concluding this account of the nests of birds, of which occasionally more will be found in the subsequent notes, I may notice here the nest of the Hirundo esculenta, or Esculent Swallow, an inhabitant of China and the Islands of the Indian Ocean. This nest consists of a gelatinous substance, in shape resembling an apple cut down the middle. The nests are found in great numbers together, and are by the luxurious Asiatics made into broths, and otherwise cooked, and are esteemed one of the greatest dainties of the table; they are also occasionally used for glue.

All kindred things produce their kind;
Thus is it with the human mind.

If you would wish him to be kind,
Impress kind conduct on his mind,-
Not by mere words, but let the DEED
Of kindness done before him plead;
Chiefly the deed performed by you,
Which, seeing done, he'll wish to do.

You will, no doubt, some learning give,

And teach him in the world to live;

But what he'll want, as much as sense,

Is active, warm Benevolence.

This will produce more happiness
Than all besides he may possess:
This teach him, and his little heart
Will kind impressions soon impart.
Thus will there in his bosom spring
AFFECTION for each living thing;
And thus will be his friends' delight,
That beauteous BOY of promise bright!
Seductive, LADY! is the theme!
INSTRUCTION, now a rushing stream,
O'erflows its banks on either hand,
And widely fructifies the land.

A goodly harvest may we see,

When all shall wise and happy be!

The nests of some of the American swallows are also curious.

See the note on the Swallow in Part I.

Meantime, one word should be impressed,
In letters large, on every breast:
It is most potent, and will well
Perform what can't the prison cell;
What vengeance always fails to do-
It is, fair LADY! seen in YOU,-
KINDNESS: repeat the word again
KINDNESS, and thus I end my strain.*

"It is necessary also to observe, in regard to the Formation of the Human Character, that the mind for ever shrinks from all attempts to force it into any mode of discipline or action; that, while it may be led by gentleness and argument almost any where, the least appearance of force or violence produces revolt and repugnance. So true is this, that it has led to the trite observation, that it is more easy to lead man wrongly than to drive him right. This disposition, in the ignorant and uninformed, has been frequently called obstinacy; but it is, nevertheless, the result of a general law which we all obey. There is no other effectual way of removing such obstinacy than by enlightening the understanding,—imparting knowledge. And if this can be done by shewing also that we have the interest, that is, the happiness, of the individual at heart whom we are desirous of persuading, we shall be more likely to succeed in the object at which we aim." See my Lecture on the Nature and Operations of the Human Mind. The minds of children appear to be operated upon in a similar way to those of the adult, and, therefore, in their education similar means must be adopted.