As to

port in Morocco, and to protect foreigners. The Chamber's confidence in the Government was shown by a majority of over three hundred; it afterwards unanimously ratified the Algeciras agreement. On the same day, in the Spanish Parliament, Señor Perez Caballero, the new Foreign Minister, demanded the immediate ratification of the Algeciras Convention, and assured members that the Government was not supporting any policy of adventure in Morocco. England and Germany, their Foreign Secretaries have given assurances of approval of this plan to restore order in Morocco, so long as the action is kept within the terms of the Algeciras Convention. It is fortunate that the diplomats at Algeciras provided a system of international protection for foreigners in Morocco, and of international influence to check the misrule which for centuries has reigned there. While such intervention may be but the prelude to the closing act of the drama of Moorish independence, its independence has been purchased at a price which is an insult to civilization. In the early days of the Christian era Morocco, though mountainous in large part, was one of the world's granaries. There are to-day instead only abandoned and untilled fields, yet their soil rivals in fertility that of our prairie States. The population is given over to lawlessness. All this is due to a long succession of weak and lawless rulers. Though the various Powers have recently sent expeditions to the Sultan at Fez, his capital, any good intentions manifested by the monarch cannot be executed by his own military and civil agents because the whole country is infested with the agents of the pretender to the throne and of other rebel chiefs. The result is a condition of anarchy both for natives and foreigners, and this has impelled France and Spain, as the Powers immediately involved, to take appropriate military action.

Just before the Filling up the Canadian snow comes the Prairie Provinces Immigration Department of the Canadian Government at Ottawa takes stock of its year's work,

Canada is eager for immigration; its Government spends a large sum of money on immigration propaganda; and from every point of view the stock-taking for the year was satisfactory. It showed that in the season of 1905-6, 189,000 immigrants arrived in the Dominion, as compared with 146,000 during the season of 1904-5. About the same time that these figures are compiled there are also compiled statistics of the harvest laborers carried into the prairie region beyond Winnipeg by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. For the wheat harvest of 1906 the number was 22,850, an increase of 6,500 over the number who went in for the prairie harvest of 1905. Among immigrant and railway officials at Winnipeg it is estimated that forty per cent. of the men who go in as harvesters make their homes in the prairie provinces, and that in the next two or three years a large proportion of them will become homesteaders--will take up quarter-sections of Government land, or purchase land from the railway companies. During the twelve months which ended on the 30th of September, 50,000 homesteaders went into western Canada and possessed themselves of 12,500 square miles of farm land. Winnipeg is the clearing-house for most of this Western immigration; and in these days, when the 250,000,000 acres of wheat land in Canada are being so rapidly peopled by immigrants from Great Britain, from the United States, and from the older provinces of Canada, its position among the larger cities of the North American continent is unique.

peg the increase in population has been so great that the municipal equipment of the city is in arrears, and extraordinary exertions and large outlays are now being made to bring the water supply, the sewerage system, and the street department up to the needs of the city. Even the railway companies, which are usually supposed to look far ahead, have found themselves behindhand and not quite ready for all the business-passenger and freight-which the rapid development of the prairie country is bringing to them. The new station of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company at Winnipeg is, as a station, almost as magnificent as Broad Street Station, Philadelphia. It was opened a few months ago, before it was fully complete. It still lacks a train-shed, and, large as it is, it has already been found too small, and the building of an annex is now to go on side by side with the completion of the main station. East of the city of Ottawa there is only a single track of rails; but the handling of the increasing grain crops for the Canadian West now raises 85,000,000 bushels-has rendered necessary the double-tracking of the four hundred miles of railway which lie between Winnipeg and Fort William, where most of the grain is transferred from cars to steamers for conveyance down the Great Lakes to Canadian and American ports. So far, the Dominion Government has so organized its immigration propaganda as to bring into the country only people intending to settle on the land. Manufacturers have long urged that the Government should help them in recruiting skilled labor for the factories. The Government, however, will not change its policy; and consequently, at the annual convention of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association at Winnipeg, the Association decided to take this work into its own hands and begin at once a propaganda in Great Britain in the interest of the factories and workshops of the Dominion.

roic missionary work. It is true that the man could hardly be regarded as a conventional missionary; for Dr. Grenfell, who is now a Companion of St. Michael and St. George, fills many offices on the Labrador coast, as readers of The Outlook know. He is a surgeon, mastermariner, a magistrate, an agent of Lloyds in running down rascals who wreck their vessels for the insurance, a manager of a string of co-operative stores, a general opponent of all fraud and oppression, a fighter against the drink evil, which finds peculiarly helpless victims among the fisher-folk, an upholder of all good, and a friend and comrade to everybody who comes in contact with him. He takes his new honor with a characteristic spirit, for he values it, not as a tribute to himself personally, but as a sanction which will give him power in his struggle with unscrupulous traders, heartless dealers in rum, and all sorts of malefactors who find on that coast easy prey and safe quarters. He is now planning to introduce reindeer into that country. These animals will furnish food, clothing, transportation in place of dog-teams, material for manufacture, and consequently new opportunities for industrial development for all the people. Dr. Grenfell has already received several hundred dollars for this purpose. A hundred dollars will purchase and transport a deer. About five thousand dollars will furnish him a herd to begin with. The main part, however, of Dr. Grenfell's work is his bearing of health and strength to the sick and injured by means of medicine, surgery, and nursing. He has charge of four hospitals, and, by means of his hospital ship and his dog-teams, makes his rounds among the sparse and needy population, and everywhere he goes he carries with words, and, better still, by his life, the message of his simple, genuine, and untheological religious faith. Dr. Grenfell is now in this country, where he has many friends. Interest in his work has spread to many places. There is a committee for New England, represented at 14 Beacon Street, Boston, by Miss E. E. White. In New York there is the Grenfell Association, with a Board of Directors composed of representative men, of whom Dr. Henry van

Dyke is the President; the office of the Secretary of the Grenfell Association is at 287 Fourth Avenue; the Treasurer, Mr. Eugene Delano, 59 Wall Street, receives and acknowledges contributions. The friends of Dr. Grenfell are now planning to form a National organization, so that the support of his work may be unified. Dr. Grenfell is speaking in various cities; his visit will continue until some time in March. On January 15, in the evening, a meeting under the auspices of the Grenfell Association will be held in Carnegie Hall, New York City. Dr. van Dyke will preside, and Dr. Grenfell himself will give an account of his work, or, as he terms it, his " jolly good fun," in Labrador. He is not a martyr in any ordinary sense of the word; and his self-sacrifice is not of the kind that expresses itself in terms of affliction or deprivation. His spirit is that of the soldier who loves the battle. He ought to receive the heartiest and the most persistent kind of support.

An Experiment in

Following quickly Scientific Christianity upon the report that a Western bishop would revive the medieval ceremony of unction as a cure for illness, and incidentally as a counter-agent to Christian Science, comes the news of a significant enterprise at Emmanuel Church, Boston. The Rev. Dr. Elwood Worcester, rector of this parish, is endeavoring to put to humane, religious service the best results of scientific research in the treatment of spiritual and certain physical ailments by psychical means. To launch the project, Dr. J. J. Putnam and Dr. Richard Cabot, of the Harvard Medical School, joined with Dr. Worcester and his colleague, Dr. McComb, in speaking at two Sunday evening meetings in November at the parish rooms. These talks were preliminary to the formation of a class, the members of which may meet the rector and a medical specialist in neurology at the church on a specified week-day from this time forth. The consultations and treatment thus freely offered are, by a carefui provision, to interfere in no wise with the work of the patients' own physicians,

if they are already under medical care. The purpose is rather to supplement and extend this work. Applicants for aid will receive the advice considered best for their special needs. A library of the most helpful books relating to suggestion and psycho-therapeutics in their more and less simple forms will be generously employed. Such obvious measures as setting the applicants to some unselfish work which shall bring them into healthier relations with their fellow-beings will form an important element in the work Indeed, this lifting of the sufferer out of himself by the agencies of ambition, affection, and religion was pointed out by Dr. Cabot as one of the most effective means of cure. In this day of growing recognition of the close relation between body and mind it was to be expected that a concrete attempt would be made toward the intelligent yoking of the efforts of those who minister to the parallel needs of mankind. The scientific psychologist and the progressive clergyman can each bring so much to the other that the wonder is that they have stood so long apart. The distinctive note of the movement in

Boston is the combination of sound religious teaching with sound scientific theory and practice. Both here and in England, where it has just been learned that a similar pioneer enterprise is on foot, the movement is worth watching. It is modestly and reverently undertaken, with a full realization that experiment alone can test its value.

University Leadership

Soon after assuming the presidency of Yale, six years ago, Dr. Hadley in various addresses emphasized moral leadership as a proper and desirable function of universities as well as of churches. He gave practical illustration of this idea three years ago in his published lectures on the “Relation Between Freedom and Responsibility." These set forth the ethical basis of democracy, and the present low standard of public ethics as needing correction by the culture of a social conscience in the citizen, rather than by improving social machinery. In his recent lectures before

the New Yale School of Philanthropy on the "Basis of Public Morals" he has again illustrated the same idea, in a discussion of modern ethical ideals, and the ethics of trade, of corporate management, and of political activity. In these lectures Dr. Hadley fully recognized the fact that there has been a betterment of business practices since the moral anarchy that set in subsequently to the Civil War. "The late insurance scandals," said he, "were a pious regard to the Ten Commandments, compared to the doings of that time in Erie.' But while heroism and altruism remain the ideals of conduct in private life, he found their base opposites still common in business and political life. No legisNo legis lative devices could be relied on to extirpate them, but only the moralization of the individual conscience by an interest for the common good in the light of common sense. The stress of every lecture was on the pernicious effect of all policies of self-interest, which is seen in the current evils that result wherever private advantage is preferred to fidelity to a public trust. These appear in the gambling and extortion observable when modern trade in its larger forms is perverted from its legitimate end of supplying public needs. They appear when corporations by selfish insistence on legal rights invite legal spoliation. They appear even in the National Legislature when parts of the country " extort constitutional blackmail" for not opposing National interests. The cure is not in new laws, but new minds, rational and unselfish ideals of good. The note of moral leadership has repeatedly come from Yale. Twenty years ago Professor Sumner in a little book declared it time to call out all the moral reserves" to check the progress of moral decay. More recently Professor Ladd in another book gave warning of a moral crisis impending in the lack of moral energy in the churches. The keynote of President Hadley's inaugural address was fidelity to the moral ideals of democracy and Christianity. Since then he has kept the work of moral invigoration continuously in view by his addresses to the student community, as well as to other audiences. A conspicuous instance was

his last baccalaureate, noticed as such by The Outlook at the time. It is hardly disputable that the churches need to do more than they have done in such endeavors to correct the low ideals of commercialism and industrialism. It is a wholesome example that the University sets them for the exercise of the moral leadership that is traditionally and naturally theirs.

The Pueblo School-House Plan

A new suggestion with regard to the schoolhouse comes to us from Pueblo, Colorado. Its main object is health, but the educational features are by no means lost sight of. It is the application of the group system to educational facilities. Beginning with a central hall or auditorium, the needs of the community are met by the addition of new buildings on either side of this hall from time to time. A whole block is utilized, and the additions are made to meet the requirements of the situation. The number of school-rooms may be made always to meet the demand, which is not the case with a building of many rooms. The many-roomed building is usually ahead or behind the needs of the district; there are vacant rooms intended for future requirements, or crowded rooms waiting for the school board to build. Under the new plan there is less waste room. There is less chance of fire, and in case of fire there is less chance for loss of property or damage by water, and the danger to pupils is reduced to a minimum. Light and ventilation may be obtained from any direction. There are no large hallways to accumulate dirt. There is less work for the janitor, and there is no sweeping of dust and other refuse from one floor down upon another. A recess may be taken out-of-doors at any time without disturbing other classes. There is a greater field for individuality on the part of both teachers and pupils. The view from the ground floor is more attractive to children, being nearer to nature. The artistic possibilities are greater. Those who advocate the Pueblo plan of single-story, detached school buildings ask, “If life, health, and econ