should feel that everyone else is, as we are, engaged in that single purpose, that we sincerely desire to advance the cause of Catholic education and therefore, we should get together, have confidence in each other and give mutual assistance.

RT. REV. JOSEPH SCHREMBS, Bishop of Toledo: The paper of the Reverend Doctor touched upon one of the great needs of our Catholic educational system to-day-the Catholic high school. It is well recognized that the complaint which is oftentimes made by colleges, that they do not receive the Catholic youth of our country, has largely to do with the fact that we do not provide for the higher education of our young boys when they leave the parochial schools. Most of the time they cannot afford to pay the additional cost. Where do they go? If we have no Catholic high schools, there is only one thing for them to do-to go to the public high school, which is open to them. We must come in some manner or other to the high school. We cannot get around the fact that the need of that kind of an education is great and urgent. It is folly to suppose that every individual Catholic parochial school can add to its curriculum a high school. It is an impossibility. The large cities don't attempt to do that. Take cities of the size of a hundred thousand, or one hundred and fifty thousand, they do not attempt to have more than one central high school for all the pupils in that city. The great trouble is, as the Doctor so strongly put it, that personal assertive influence is at work. When I heard that expression it put a smile on my face. In places where there are a number of Catholic schools, they should combine their forces, and they will be able to establish one good central high school where no individual parochial school is able to do so.

REV. FRANCIS T. MORAN, D. D., Cleveland, O.: As I have listened to this discussion I have thought-poor old pastor! Everyone has had his fling at him. Is there anything else wanted from the pastor? To endow three or four scholarships, to raise a few more collections for worthy purposes, and to take a little instruction from the college men on how to run a parochial school. All very delightful; and the pastor who has come to this convention feels encouraged to go home, having learned that his case is not hopeless.

The fact is, the pastor has been doing everything that a human being could do. "What more could I have done to my vineyard that I have not done?". I learned to love him very early in life, and I have kept on loving him ever since. Really, gentlemen, he is a very good specimen. The parochial school under his care has been brought to as high a degree of efficiency as has been possible. The pastor thinks he knows the subject of the parochial school, but he is willing to take suggestions. This paper is of peculiar concern to him and it ought to be discussed by him, and not so exclusively by college men.

REV. JOSEPH H. MCMAHON, New York, N. Y.: I think that all the points made in the essay were touched upon in the discussion except

one, but that in my opinion is the most important of all. I haven't heard a word in the discussion concerning the attitude of the laity, and in my judgment, that was the strongest point set forth for your consideration. The pastors are all right. The college men are all right. When they combine pastoral and collegiate relations, they are all all right; but the thing that I find most difficult to combat is the present attitude of our Catholic laity toward our Catholic colleges. They decry the Catholic college, and just for the reason alleged by Father Dowling. As a matter of fact, many are sending their offspring to non-Catholic institutions of higher learning. I think we want to impress them with the fact that if it weren't for the sacrifices made by the Catholic pastor for his parochial school, if it weren't for all the effort and work, all the expenditure of money, all the sacrifices made by those who conduct our Catholic colleges they wouldn't be in a position to choose between the non-Catholic and the Catholic college, because they would not themselves be practical Catholics. I think we ought to impress that fact upon them and make them realize their duty of supporting adequately our Catholic institutions of higher learning. If such support were given our Catholic colleges that already do such splendid work they would be able to surpass any nonCatholic institution. I think we have seen the need of having greater help given to the pastor. He is called upon for a great deal, and sometimes a great deal too much and practically gets very little assistance from those who should help him. We don't get the kind of assistance we need sometimes from college people, and I think that one of the great good things that could be achieved here is to get us all to look the facts candidly in the face, and to consider truths; not ideals alone, but what facts show is the truth; I sometimes find it difficult to get people to look things fairly in the face and consider them as they are.

With regard to the high school, I don't think there is the slightest difficulty, if there is the thorough sympathy on the part of the pastors, that has been here expressed. In New York many of our parishes send the children to the convents or to the high schools maintained by the Jesuits and Christian Brothers. There are priests who do not believe it incumbent upon them to see the children beyond the elementary school age. I have been shocked to hear them state that as long as they get the children to receive first Communion and confirmation, they were through. Now imagine what would happen if they would stick to that idea at the present juncture. Therefore, I think that it is well to insist upon the idea that our duty to our children, and especially to the Church now, under present conditions, requires that we safeguard their education. at least until they reach the college stage.

Another point I should like to make is this: As was pointed out, there is a lack of unity in our educational work. We are trying to join the elementary school to the college without a very important and necessary link-the high school. We lack coordination of parts. What we

want to bear in mind is that we have a duty to our children, not only to see that they receive first Communion and confirmation, but we want our children to take their proper place in the life around us and therefore, we want to give them all the advantages we possibly can. It means sacrifice and it means work, but I don't think it means more work or more sacrifice than we are able to bear. I think the main point would be for the college people to meet the pastors on common ground and to consult them more; they are practical men, we are practical men, and presumably have an intelligent comprehension of what we want and what the colleges ought to give us, but if we get together on some common ground and exchange our views, I am quite sure that there would be a modification on both sides. I know that there is something to be said for both sides. See what they did recently at Chicago and what they are doing down at Baltimore now. They are getting together in outside rooms, where the thing can be done under cover, and they realize the needs on each side and the desires, and they see if some compromise cannot be made by which things can be accomplished.

RT. REV. BISHOP CANEVIN: This meeting at least demonstrates that we are still pretty human, and that there is a tendency to blame our shortcomings and defects on the other man. It seems that there is really not much probability of the pastors and the college men getting much closer together than they are at present, for the reason that the common meeting ground is wanting, and the pastors must exercise what the authorities higher up term "their creative power" to bridge over. That common meeting ground is the Catholic high school. There is no doubt of it. The elementary schools have been reaching up into the field of the high school, and the colleges have been going down in the scale in order to meet the elementary schools upon some common ground, so that our elementary schools, according to the new curriculum of studies that is being discussed, are doing two years of high school work and the colleges are coming down and not only meeting them, but doing several years of high school work as well as doing the college work beyond that. There is no fault anywhere. Catholics have been doing very well in regard to the work of education during the past twentyfive years. If we consider the situation to-day and the situation twentyfive years ago in our elementary schools and in our work and efforts for higher education, we must note the great progress; but we have not yet reached conditions with which we should be satisfied. The work of elementary education has been done, and well done, and it is well to have one thing done before we begin another. I believe that all who are interested in the education of our people realize now that the next step forward is the high school-a Catholic high school organized in every town as a central school, as well equipped and prepared to do its work of education, as the best of our parochial schools are doing their work at the present day. The number of Catholic boys in

the Catholic colleges is not increasing for the reason, I believe, that has been stated, that our boys do not have the opportunity of high school education and the preparation and encouragement that they ought to have to go on into the colleges, and the best colleges have been high schools for the reason that they have had to do both college work and hign school work, in order to receive the pupils from the elementary Catholic schools. When Catholic high schools worthy of the name are established and properly supplement the elementary education of parochial schools, the number of boys in our Catholic colleges will be greatly increased above what they have now, and there will be a corresponding increase up into the universities, and the very highest development of Catholic education will be placed within the reach of thousands. There is no reason for suspicion of one another or for dissatisfaction. I believe that we have all been doing the very best we could under the circumstances up to the present time, but we have now reached the point when we must either go forward or go backward. We are not going backward; we are going forward. We are going in time, and with God's help, to establish a system of Catholic high schools in this country under diocesan supervision, and the care of the pastors, that will do their work as faithfully and thoroughly as our elementary parochial schools are doing their work at the present day.

COLLEGE ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS

REV. MATTHEW SCHUMACHER, C. S. C., UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, INDIANA

In the first meeting held by the Association under its present name in St. Louis, in 1904, the following resolutions (Nos. VII, VIII), in regard to Catholic high schools were submitted: (VII) “While the high school is intended mainly for those who do not go to college, it would fail of an essential purpose, did it not provide a suitable preparatory curriculum for those of its students, who either desire to prepare for college or would be led to do so, were such a preparatory curriculum offered.” (VIII) "The preparatory curriculum of the Catholic high school should lead up to the curriculum of the Catholic college, and be at least the equivalent of its entrance requirements."

We see from these two resolutions that the question of the relation between the high school and college was a matter of concern at the first meeting of the Association. The question now arises have we made any advance since these resolutions were offered? Are we nearer a solution of this problem than we were at that first gathering? These resolutions constitute the double standpoint from which the problem may be viewed. The high school may be regarded as a separate unit, complete in itself, or it may be regarded as a preliminary step leading the student into a college course of studies. At first thought, there seems to be a wide difference between these two points of view, but, I think, if we consider the matter carefully, we will find points of agreement, and we will see that it is possible to harmonize them in such a way that the high school may be made a place of study for those who never go to college, and likewise a place of preparation for those who do intend to enter college.