There is no substance except air for which the body has such an affinity as

water.

1. Water constitutes the greater proportion of the bulk of the body.

2. Water composes more than threefourths of the whole mass of the blood, more than seven-eighths of the substance of the brain, and more than nine-tenths of the various colourless fluids and secretions.

3. Water is the only vehicle by which nutrient matters are conveyed to the blood, and through the blood to all parts of the system for its growth and replenishment.

4. Water is the only medium through which waste, or effete matters, or extraneous ingredients are conveyed from

all parts of the system to the excretory organs to be expelled,

5. Water is the only solvent, diluent, and detergent in existence, for animal and vegetable, and alimentary and excrementitious matters.

6. Water is the only material capable of circulating in all the tissues of the body and penetrating their finest vessels without vital irritation, or mechanical injury. Think of this, ye brandy bruisers, and beer and whisky guzzlers.

7. The only morbid effects of water result from improper temperature and over-distension of the hollow viscera or circulating vessels, from excess of quantity-effects never necessarily unavoidable.-Hydropathic Encyclopædia.

THE TEMPTER AND PROGRESSIONIST.

Tempter: "I come to offer you realities for dreams-to give you real power and enjoyment, in lieu of your visionary thoughts and philanthropic imaginations. Leave the human race to struggle with its own destiny. You cannot aid it. Your mightiest efforts are but as drops of rain, ineffectually striving to beat down the billows of a tempestuous sea. What God for six thousand years has not accomplished, shall ye accomplish? "Behold!" he said, piling upon the table glittering heaps of gold and jewels, "these are the true secrets of mastery, and these ye shall have if you will abandon your foolish thoughts and reveries."

Progressionist: "Thou art too late! Hath not the Saviour taught that all these outer afflictions and calamities are the baptism of the Holy Ghost and of fire, and shall not my soul soar high, and triumph over all earthly trials, to become immortal, divine? Begone, vile tempter, and haunt me not with thy wicked enchantments. Thou shalt not drive me from the sphere of my honourable endeavours to benefit my fellow. men."

TEETOTALERS' CO-OPERATIVE STORE AND FARM SOCIETY.-This union was

recently effected. On the 11th ult., the friends of Temperance and the Land Societies held a social meeting at the Banner of Peace, South Wharf Road, Paddington, to effect the above object. Mr. G. W. Wheeler, teetotal farmer at O'Connorville, was present, and delivered an admirable discourse in favour of the movement; after which the Society was formed, members enrolled, subscriptions paid, and arrangements made for supplies from the O'Connorville farms. Meetings are held every Monday at nine o'clock.-Correspondent.

MR. GOUGH's visit to the North of Scotland has been decidedly successful. The audiences have been numerous, and the local papers have given laudatory sketches and lengthened reports.

HOMEOPATHY.—It is surprising that mankind is not more universally friendly to this science, whose sovereign remedy for low spirits is Aurum (gold).

NOTICE.

A brief Memoir of the late Dr. W. Lambe, of the College of Physicians, will appear in our next number.

HAVING, by comparison with the animal kingdom, proved that man was intended to build up his frame from the corn and fruits of the earth, we shall now endeavour to give a general idea of the intricate organs and various parts of the human body, with their duties and qualities. We shall begin from the foundation, premising that it is the general belief of physiologists, that in seven years every particle of the body is changed, so that we have to supply or rebuild the bones, muscles, nerves, and every other part of the structure in that period. Bearing this in mind, we must feel the importance of using the proper material.

First then, let us view the skeleton, the osseous or bony system. The bones are 240 in number; those of the head rise in an arch over the brain, protecting that great medium of thought and action. There are seven bones which enter into the formation of the skull; they are joined together by sutures, saw-like edges, which meet and dovetail into one another. This renders the skull expansive, so that it easily takes the shape of the brain. These bones have two crusts and a pulpy mass, and many blood-vessels are laid between the two. There are altogether sixty-six bones in the head, including the sixteen teeth in each jaw. The back bone or spinal column, b, b, is the pillar on which the head is erected, and is formed of twenty-four distinct bones; this, with the ribs c, the shoulder bone d, and the pelvis f, form the trunk; from the trunk depend the extremities,

Psalm xxx. 19-New Trans.

branches, as it were, of the great tree of life. A long cylindrical bone g, called the humerus or upper arm, is linked by the elbow joint to two bones h; these form the arm, which terminates in the wrist, a bracelet of eight bones, so united as to admit of the utmost freedom of movement; then come the hand and fingers i, so beautifully flexible, containing twenty-three bones. The thigh bone, like the upper arm, is a long and very strong cylindrical bone, and is joined below the knee to two bones k, which terminate in the ankle, and under it is the foot l, or pedestal, so elastic and powerful, consisting of thirty bones. All this frame-work is knit together by joints, which are lubricated by natural secretions, and put in motion by muscles. The muscles are the springs of the body, the machinery, so to speak, by which the overruling brain accomplishes its will. The whole covering

to these bones consists of what is generally called flesh and blood, but the flesh is made up of systematic layers of muscles and blood-vessels and nerves, all having their peculiar duties. The growth of the muscles is that which gives beauty to the body; they spring from the joints, and gradually swell to the centre. They are of two kinds, the contractor and extensor. The cut on page 219 shews in what a beautiful and regular form these muscles grow and bind every part of the body together. The blood-vessels are a duplicate set of tubes, through which the blood runs to and from the heart; the

refuse matter must necessarily be thrown upon other organs. Is it surprising, when we consider the important functions of the skin, that a power of cure can be obtained over the whole system by water applications, or that those persons who have a daily habit of bathing the body should escape many of the ills to which others are liable? The water-cure, which is now becoming fashionable, must also become popular, and be practised among the poor, where it cannot go without teaching better habits of cleanliness and temperance.

siology. The beard is a distinguishing feature of the Caucasian race, and we ought to honour it, to cultivate it, and to keep it clean; which may be much better done when the natural food is used, and grease avoided; and if there is really any advantage to appearance in being without a beard, let the women have the benefit. It is said that a certain king having no beard, was so ashamed of this freak of nature, that he ordered all his subjects to shave, and hence it became fashionable; certain it is that we are naturally proud of the appendage, and tyrant custom alone destroys that pride. As the feeling in favour of wearing the beard is likely to increase, we trust that young men will not "destroy their downy beards with soap and razors." Even old men will find the advantage of allowing their gray beards to grow.

(To be continued.)

Microscopic view of the Hair and Skin.

The hair which grows from the skin is of a tubular form, but is of a pulpy nature, until it rises above the surface; it is then a hollow tube. It is said to throw off the superabundance of carbon, and when allowed to grow, it protects that part of the skin from which it issues; but when cut off, as in shaving, the skin must be more pervious, from the sensitive nature of the hair. There is no doubt that, as the health affects the state and condition of the hair, so also the hair has its effect on the health, and that the practice of shaving is injurious to the system in many ways. This is one of those customs which will disappear with an enlightened knowledge of phy

INTERESTING EXPERIMENT.

Two hundred pounds of earth were dried in an oven and put into a large earthen vessel; the earth was then moistened with soft water, and a willow-tree weighing five pounds was placed therein. During the space of five years the earth was carefully watered with rain or pure water. The willow grew and flourished, and to prevent the earth being mixed with fresh earth, or dust blown on it by

the wind, it was covered with a metal plate, perforated with holes, suitable for free admission of pure air only. After growing in the earth for five years, the willow tree was removed, and found to weigh 169 lbs. and about three ounces. The leaves which fell from the tree every autumn were not included in this weight. The earth was removed from the vessel, again dried in the oven, and afterwards weighed ; it was discovered to have lost only two ounces of its original weight. Thus 164 lbs. of lignin or woody fibre, bark, &c., were produced from the air and water.