("No.") ("Do you mean that he was not independent?") power we should have if we only knew how to use our No; I mean he weighed had respect for the opinions minds-make the most of them. Is the person living! of others. I think he was capable of taking a course not in accordance with the opinion of others. I think he enThis struck me singularly; the strong and instant conjoyed a little coming into opposition with others, when he viction of his death which the thought of the serial law was sure of coming out right. This was a slight weak-gave me. I had no idea of him (in this connection) una ness. I think he was a playful person,-fond of children, just now, when I thought of his having been initiated -courteous, polite, affable. ("Do you get an idea of his age?") since his death, in the serial law; a source of great delight to him. I don't think he would have accepted the serial Do you take that question from my mind? I have been law, if stated to him here, as made by Fourier. Do you trying to find out whether he was youthful with a mature think he had any great love for the French? I have been mind, or old with a youthful mind. I think he was youth- troubled since I used the expression-serial law. I think ful with a mature mind. I think he did not allow himself the spirit's mode of speaking is much easier than ours. I as much relaxation as would have been useful. He was mean to say that his want of fondness for the French fond of poetry and natural sciences. would have prevented his accepting that statement. ("Go on.") A man of a good deal of justice. His prejudices preDo you know that is the way to make me stop? I vented his being always just. Is he a writer? A moralthink this person had some obstinacy as well as myself. ist and theologian. - Since I have seen him in the other Was he fond of mythology? I cannot get hold of it, sphere I am more drawn to him, though I have liked him but it seems so. I think he was fond of the past-fond of from the first. He seems to be younger now than when it as bearing on the science of the future. Was he inter- this letter was written. I should like to understand al ested in physiology? I wonder what his idea of progress the vagaries which pass through one's brain." Timon of was, if he looked to see the past reproduced. I should Athens" just then came into my mind. He was a very like to get hold of his idea of mythology, it seems so peculiar. ("Was he a progressive person?") truthful person; he was a respectable person. ("What seem to you the objects of his mind?") I was just going to say-not in answer to your questionYes; he has progressed a good deal since this letter Socrates and Plato; he esteemed Socrates more than Plato, was written. Those mythological and half mythological -I don't get hold of any one object more than others.characters keep coming before me, as objects at which he I think I get hold of his mind more than of his life. I was looking to find the secret of life. I think he was think he had a great love of nature. Nature was a study capable of becoming two or three things a scientific to him a book; but I don't think the tendency to analyman, an artist, a poet. He had a great deal of enthusi- sis ever cramped the real love in his mind; there was asm. Was he a student?---He had a good deal of humor, too much poetry-too much religion in him. Was there wit, or love of wit.--His kind-heartedness and courtesy anything in the style of his writing which reminds you kept him from; he has power of sarcasm, but it is of Dr. Channing? I have been reminded of him several not cutting; it is tempered by his kind-heartedness and times. I know not why.--I think there is a great deal of courtesy. He is cautious and impulsive, keen, clear-sighted. fun in the other world. Do you think he is one Dr. C. ("Was he metaphysical ?") I should say he was philosophical. ("Was he fond of the discussions of the schoolmen ?") Don't you think he loved to see results? - Does it convey any idea to you to say that he was fond of many of would be likely to meet? Just before I spoke they seemed the subjects of metaphysics, but that he discussed them I was thinking how these spirits met, and how much philosophically rather than metaphysically. He was not they conveyed to each other in the moment of meeting. dreamy, but clear-minded. He looks to the use of a thing What seemed to be the joke was their recognition of the very much. He is fond of children, I feel quite sure. Do truth, and of the false estimate of others. There was so you know any thing of his family relations?--I have had much courtesy and fun, and so much of real meeting in several times the impression of a daughter. He seemed an instant, and then they shot off! - There is a great deal fond of her-proud of her. I think she loved music and of love of fun in this person. dancing. I don't know, but think she died young. Had he an active pursuit in life besides writing! I I don't think he would be satisfied with this analysis- want to know, for I do not see what it was. Had he a would say I had not gone to the root of the matter. He profession?-I think he had a good deal of impatience had love of order-hadn't he? He would say that unless where he got part of an idea. --He would wish to grasp the things were in their right places they would not have their truth wholly. He had fondness for the fine arts. I think true value. ("Is the person living?") he made his profession, whatever it was, subservient to his own ends. ("Had he much reach of mind?") He was a very observing person. There was a little I am just now in the order of the human body; its compactness; every thing being made to tell; economy of means, physically and mentally. How much more quiet romance about him. I think he has now a much = larger idea of order than he had when he was here. He markable about him, is his capacity of meditation and his might have been cramped by his idea of order then. - love of action. Don't you think his keen sense of the It was not fluent enough.--I mean that he has now taken ridiculous would make him afraid of being placed in a in more of the idea that liberty and order are one. Was ludicrous position. Not that he was a coward. By no not he conservative? I got the idea of true conservatism means; he could do very easily what all his friends would from him. He was conservative by taste; but I don't oppose, but he did not like to be laughed at. mean by that that he was opposed to reform. It is a great deal of trouble to say things. - I think I see about that conservatism, but it would be trouble to say it. Hadn't he a good deal of love of the old? - I think he was Reform Movements. THE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION AND THE VAGRANT CHILDREN conservative by taste, but intellectually progressive. He OF OUR CITY.- The Teachers of the City held a special meetwas not a slave to circumstances. He was a person of a ing on Saturday evening for the purpose of devising and regood deal of compact; solid forever; but not ungraceful commending some plan by which an increasing evil, one which in the exercise of that power. I think he had, occasionally, is now agitating the public mind, could in a great measure be fits of depression. I cannot get over the feeling of my obviated or controlled. It was contended that some separate disorderly statement of him. I want to see the central provision should be made for the care and education, or trainpoint, and then arrange things around it to feel at all satis- ing for future usefulness, of those who still are found as youthfied. Was he a man in stirring scenes of outward action? ful vagrants in our streets, whose sole occupation seems to be I think he was very clear-headed-very just only when his prejudices warped him. I think he was a man of strong; rather than of many prejudices. He had great love of the beautiful-I think. You asked about his reach of mind. begging, pilfering or stealing. Those children the circumstances of whose parents actually demand their strongest efforts, in connection with their own, to aid in the support of the family to which they belonged, were, of course, not reckoned as belonging to this class, whether they were engaged in vending I hardly know to answer that question. I don't think fruit, matches, or newspapers, or in lawyers' offices, mercantile I should ever have thought of using that expression. He or other establishments. It was thought by some that our is a person of great concentration-very compact. ("Should you say his love of science or religious nature gave the tone to his life?") is worthy Chief of Police had not, in his late Report, sufficiently discriminated between those of honest though humble employment, and the pilfering or stealing vagrant. Others, however, thought that there was a just discrimination, and that the esti I get a notion of science, poetry and religion. There mate given was far below the mark. Be this as it may, one a great deal of poetry in science. - I think he had quite a thing was considered certain, that there is a class, of greater or tender feeling for animals.-He was a man of large interless extent, which all the means hitherto employed have failed ests; interested in a variety of subjects; interested in to reach and benefit. It was said, we have established schools, those about him, in their real progress. Do you know if and thrown the doors invitingly open, and yet they refuse to he lived in an agricultural district? Do you know any- enter them. We have also a House of Refuge, and a Pauper thing of his character as a speaker? He gives me the School, or Home, on Randall's Island; but notwithstanding impression of one whose taste inclined him more to wri- our noble School System and the other establishments have ting than speaking; but, in speaking, I think there would accomplished much, yet they have, so far, failed to eradicate the evil. Our laws take cognizance only of overt acts, and have been a graceful, calm eloquence, arising from convicthose that administer them seem to think that even such acts, tion of the truth he utters. He may not be a dead man when trifling, are unworthy of notice. Hence, most of the by any means-alive to what was going on. That gave pilfering by the class alluded to is passed over, while the pil him his power-his meditative mind-and yet his interest ferer is continually progressing in crime until he becomes a full in what was passing around him. There was not much grown thief or burglar-a pest to Society. waste power in him. Joseph Curtis, Esq., was present, and contributed to the in How do you think he would feel about this experiment. terest of the occasion the results of his tried experience and It seems to me he would think it a good joke-good observation. He urged that this class should be dealt with by guessing-some of it; but that it was not correct because I the law of kindness:-that they should not be dragged as crimidid not say something that I have not said, and that I don't know whether I shall get at at all. Some things have made me think two or three times, from the character of his mind, that he might have been a physician. He is interested in details as well as generals. I think he had a great deal of interest in many individuals. Was he a preacher ? ("Yes.") Do you know anything of his relation to his parishioners? ("No.") I wonder why I have hesitated so long to say that. I think he would have a great deal to do about the outward nals from their parents, destitute though their homes may be. Others, however, thought that after some provision was made, it might require the force of a legal enactment, placing power somewhere to compel this class, when other means failed, to avail themselves of the proffered benefits. The "Model Lodging-Houses" of Edinburg were spoken of, where a company had met with considerable success in furnishing clean and well-ventilated sleeping apartments for the homeless and the friendless for a slight compensation. It was strongly urged that there should be a "home" for these children, located say on some island contiguous to the City; perhaps the Corporation might see proper to assign Randall's Island, with all its buildings, for that purpose, to the care of some twenty-four Directors or Governors. That in such training, and with this view, a small island was con affairs of his parishioners. What strikes me as most re-sidered by some as not sufficient, but that a large tract of land out of the neighborhood of the City would be preferable, confidently expected that a State Limitation bill will be passed so that each might turn his or her attention to some favorite the present winter. occupation, and be paid for their services. For instance, let All this, or nearly all, is the work of the National Reform such as desire it have their particular plot of ground, &c., to organization, and it is saying as little as can be said to assert, improve and cultivate, and thus be trained up to habits of useful industry. It was suggested that perhaps it might prove a good plan for each of the different Christian denominations to establish a "Home," perhaps in the City-and thus vie with each other in their acts of benevolence in this respect. that all the laws of all the legislatures, since the Union was formed, have not done as much towards protecting the rights of the people as the National Reformers have thus accomplished in less than six years. The good thus done consists not so much in the fact that hundreds of thousands are thus secured in their Homesteads against almost every contingency, It was also suggested that Sunday-Schools might be made as that these Homesteads are thus kept out of the hands of powerful toward abating this evil. Instances were cited of monopolists, who would use them to increase their powers of whole families being raised from vice and degradation to re- oppression, politically and financially. spect themselves, and become cleanly and industrious, by means But let it be understood, not one of these Homestead Exof one of their ragged little ones being persuaded to join a emption laws is a perfect measure, as proposed by the National Sunday-School, where Christianity was active in feeding the Reformers, because not one of them, while securing homes to mind and clothing the body of the destitue child. If all Sunday- those who have them, performs the far more essential duty of Schools were imbued with such a spirit what might they not providing places for homes to those who have them not. The accomplish in this matter. National Reform measure, let it not be forgotten, is to provide In substance it seemed to be generally conceded that it was for Homestead Exemption and Land Limitation by one act, so time to act in the matter; that all action should be based upon that the landless may not, by their destitution, be compelled the principles of Christianity; that it was not enough merely to trust their labor and property to the exempted landholders, to supply their present wants, to feed and clothe them, but and so that in one generation all may have homes to be exthat you must give them some useful employment to develop empted. - Young America. and strengthen their physical powers, and train their minds for earth and heaven. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. -The committee appointed by the On account, however, of the extreme unpleasantness of the New York Legislature, last year, to consider the subject of an evening, which probably prevented many who were deeply in- Agricultural College, have reported the plan of such an institerested in the subject from being present, the whole subject tution to be established in this State. It is to be connected was laid over for further consideration at the next regular with an experimental farm of 600 acres, to be cultivated by the meeting, to be held next Saturday evening, in the Supreme scholars, who are to be required to labor four hours each day Court Room, new City Hall. HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION.-During the last few months Homestead Exemption bills have been passed as follows: Maine-Exempts a Homestead to the value of $500, and, in the absence of a Homestead, personal property to that amount, besides the exemptions before provided for. Vermont-Exempts a Homestead to the value of $500. California-Exempts 320 acres of farm land, or a lot worth $2,000. Deseret, it is said, secures a Home to every family. These are in addition to the States previously mentioned in Young America, namely, Georgia, Texas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Connecticut. In the last named State, however, the monopolists have managed temporarily to repeal the exemption law, the consequence of which will be the early adoption of a better one. In Illinois a special session of the Legislature has just been held, one of the objects of which, as stated in the Governor's Proclamation, was to meet the wishes of the people of that State for a Homestead Exemption law. The Senate passed a bill, similar to the best above named, and it was lost in the House, through the juggling of the monopolists, "for want of a quorum." The Governor of Indiana, in his message to the legislature now in session, recommends a Homestead Exemption law. In Louisiana and several other States, papers are urging such a law. in practical farming, in all its branches. The scholars are to be about sixteen years of age, and apportioned among different counties, say two for each Assembly (representative) district, and the expenses of their tuition to be $100 per annum, which is to include board, washing, fuel and lights. Besides these scholars, others are to be admitted at $25 per annum, who will board in the vicinity at their own expense, but who will be required to submit to all the college rules, and to labor with the other pupils. To carry out the plan of instruction as laid down by the committee, the following professors are required: a Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Manipulation; of Natural History and Mineralogy; of Mathematical Engineering and Practical Surveying; of Botany and Horticulture; of History, Law, and General Science; and of Veterinary, Art, and Anatomy. A farmer is to have charge of the farm and stock-a gardener, carpenter, mason, and blacksmith, constantly employed, with a view of giving practical knowledge of arts so essential in the management of a farm. The course of instruction will occupy three years. It is a matter of rejoicing that the importance of bringing the light of science to the aid of the noble pursuit of agriculture, is now deeply and extensively felt, and we presume there is no doubt the plan above mentioned will be adopted. If carried into effect with zeal and judgment, the benefits to this State will be incalculable, and the example will no doubt be generally followed. -N. Y. Organ. THE QUESTION OF LABOR.-"The Rights, Wrongs and Hopes of Labor" was the theme of an evening's eloquent discourse by Dr. William Elder, of Philadelphia, last week, at In Wisconsin, the Democratic Candidates, just elected, from Governor down, were pledged to all the measures of Land Washingtonian Hall, in this city. The great question of LaReform, and as that State has done all it could, so far, for bor in its relation to Capital of which it has been said, "the Homestead Exemption and Freedom of the Public Lands, it is studious everywhere are pondering it-the philanthropic every where, unintentionally often, and indirectly are strengthening THE RUSSIAN LOAN. - MEETING OF THE PEACE SOCIETY.it-it reminds one of the fabled sphinx: sitting by the wayside, The following letter appeared in the Daily News on Tuesit demands of the politician, the philanthropist, and the Chris-day:tian, Unriddle me this riddle, or I will devour thee: How to employ and pay people?" "-was discussed by a man who combines the most genial humor with a profound and far-reaching philosophy, and consecrates both to the cause of humanity, and great was the satisfaction all present experienced. 103 Westbourne-terrace, Monday Evening, January 14. My Dear Sir:-Another outrage is to be offered to the moral sense of the civilized world. It is said that a Russian loan is to be raised in the city of London. The Cossack hordes have fulfilled their mission in Hungary: witness her wasted fields, her smoking villages, and her scaffolds flowing with the blood of her noblest patriots; and now the savage instruments of all this devastation and slaughter are clamorous for their wages. Dr. Elder beautifully portrayed the identity of labor and capital, the advantages of co-operative industry, the futility of " strikes," and organized antagonisms generally, and the tendency of the age to associative enterprise. Nothing is gained, he remarked, by the laborer in combinations against wealth. The spirit which prompts fraternity to break down the power of capital equally impels an unity among capitalists to maintain its power. The former pursues its object without the aid which the latter, in its own defence, can so readily command. Hence, all combinations against capital, save in a very limited and partial degree, had been unsuccessful, and would always be. The true philosophy was for labor to court, to coax, or solicit capital to form an alliance with it-to make use of its power for right purposes in a word, to render identical labor and capital, and by co-operative industry and associative action accomplish that which the two, in independent positions, in op- Rev. Henry Richard, Peace Congress Committee. position to each other, never could hope to effect. Englishmen-aye, the capitalists of London-are, it seems, to furnish the blood-money! If so, for the credit of the age, and the character of our Christian country, let an indignant protest be heard in reprobation of this unholy and infamous transaction. The Peace-Congress Committee, to whom we entrusted the carrying out of the resolution passed at Paris, condemnatory of these loans, will I hope call a public meeting in the city, at which I will most gladly attend. Let it be at the earliest possible moment--Friday or Saturday, at the latest. And believe me, faithfully yours, RICHARD COBDEN. A public meeting on the subject was held yesterday, and resolutions passed deprecating the loan. This was the idea of the discourse. We pretend to present only that. For the rich imagery, the touching illustrations, the eloquent language of the speaker, our readers should have THE RUSSIAN LOAN. - We are glad to perceive that the prolistened. We hope yet to present passages from a verbatim posed loan of five millions for the service of Russia-a power report, if any phonographer was fortunate enough to make one. which has uniformly opposed itself to the advancement of liberIn lieu of that, at this time, we may remark that the sugges- al opinions and enlightened government, and has lately crushed, tions which the lecturer threw out were not merely the fanciful conceptions of a warm-hearted enthusiast, glowing with thoughts which the impractibility of our present civilization will not allow of realization, but the calm, carefully-conceived, prudently-digested, deliberately-adopted philosophy of an earnest, whole-souled man, who has made the evils of society his study, and offers plans for their remedy, with heaven-inspiring confidence in their efficacy.- Washingtonian THE JOURNEYMEN TAILORS. - It is now some weeks since the Tailors' Association applied, by petition, for an Act of Incorporation, and the matter has, we are informed, been several times discussed in committee, and is again postponed for further consideration. What the final result of this first application for the incorporation of a labor-association will be, it is at present difficult to anticipate, and it would perhaps be well for the interest of labor generally if the capitalists who compose the present House would show their contempt for the industrial classes by refusing to comply with the Tailors' petition. We are waiting with considerable anxiety the decision of the committee; and whatever that may be, we trust there will be found at least one member to test the House upon the matter by motion and debate, and that the "ayes" and "nays will be taken, so that we may know who is entitled to the vote of the workingman at the next election. In the mean time let our readers watch this matter closely, as it is of considerable importance to every man who lives by his own industry. for a time, by the most treacherous and tyrannical proceedings, the rising liberties of the Continent-has not been taken by the great Jewish capitalists. Some short time ago, a leading journal published most grievous daily Jeremiades about the impropriety of raising large sums in the London money-market for railroad purposes, even though the outlay was expended at home; and to that cause ascribed the panics we have just survived. Now, however, it suits the policy of that journal to advocate the propriety of the new Russian loan of five millions, ostensibly brought forward to complete a Russian railway. Whether that be the real purpose of the loan or not, it is not our business to inquire; but we may be permitted to rejoice that a Jewish house has not had the negotiation of a loan for a power so adverse to every principle of civil and religious liberty. Further, we have to say, that if our own railroads "absorbed our capital, to the destruction of so many eminent houses, it is to be hoped that it will not be really 'absorbed' in a Russian railroad, and tend to bring about a fresh disturbance of our money market, so leading the unwary trader to endure another excruciating process for the 'correction of the exchanges,' and the especial enrichment of those who are denounced by the prophet Ezekiel as having taken usury and increase, and greedily gained of their neighbors by extortion." (Ezek. xxii. 12.) Whatever may be the issue of the meeting called for this morning in the city, as suggested by Mr. Cobden, it will have one good result, being an open proof of the increasing influence of higher principles than the mere sordid love of gain.Jewish Chronicle. It is high time that "Labor" was represented in the Legislature, and we trust in November next to see a "Labor Ticket" in every town and district in the State. We will have more It is estimated that there are in London 28,577 needlewoto say on this matter when the decision of the House is known.-- men under twenty years of age, the average earning of each Protective Union. being four pence halfpenny a day. CONTENTS. Confessions of a Revolu- Lessons on the Hague-street 129 Tragedy 136 131 Democratic Association 138 133 Dr. Priestley 139 134 Reform Movements 141 134 Miscellany 144 MAN'S LAST FRIEND IS THE TAXGATHERER.-His wife may leave him, his family disown him, his children run away from him, his best friends and worst acquaintances avoid him, but the taxgatherer follows him wherever he goes, even to the grave. Labor and the Poor Bankruptcy-Banking It must be most flattering to an Englishman's pride that, poor Mrs. Jameson as he may be, he has always one friend that takes care of him, Humboldt and who will call without the smallest ceremony and share his Rights of Woman last penny loaf. Solitude and selfishness cannot exist in England, for no man can live independent of the taxgatherer. His existence is a partnership drawn up for life between the Government and himself, in which the former takes what it likes, and the latter gives more than he likes. In short, every Englishman may be said to possess two shadows-his own genuine trueborn shadow, and the Government presentation shadow; that Life of DIVINE HUMANITY, which, amidst the crimes, but there is this difference between the two, that, whereas his doubts, conflicts, of Revolution and Reaction, inspires the own shadow merely walks after him, the Government shadow hope of a Social Reorganization, whereby the Ideal of walks into him if it is not paid the moment it runs after him. - Christendom may be fulfilled in a Confederacy of Commonwealths, and MAN become united in Universal Brotherhood. Punch's Almanac. THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE. CRYSTALIZATION OF SUGAR FROM THE JUICE.--The process Among the special ends, to whose promotion the Spirit of Dr. Scoffern (remarks the New York Literary World) em- of the Age is pledged, the following may be named :ploys a salt of lead, and afterwards sulphurous acid; and the I. Transitional Reforms such as Abolition of the current of opinion in the British Association was decidedly Death Penalty, and degrading punishments, Prison Disciagainst his suggested improvement, on account of the poison- pline, Purity, Temperance, Anti-Slavery, Prevention of Pauous nature of the material, the difficulty of separating it, and perism, Justice to Labor, Land Limitation, Homestead Exthe probable effect of sulphurous acid on the taste and grain of the sugar. The method of Melsens, Professor in the Agricultural School of the State, at Brussels, claims serious attention. The material he employsis bisulphate of lime. The advantages claimed for this process may be briefly stated as follows:-The material is perfectly innocuous. It is an anti septic, separating and neutralizing all fermentatives, and preparing the juice for evaporation without loss. At the heat of 100 deg. Cent. it separates the albumen, caseine, and other IV. Psychology and Physiology-such views of Man, colnitrogenized elements, without loss or change of character lective and individual, as are intuitively recognized, justified in the sugar. The bisulphate of lime extracts the coloring by tradition, and confirmed by science, proving him to be matter of the juice, both that existing originally in it and that the culmination of the Natural Universe, and a living memformed by the action of the oxygen of the air on some of the ber of the Spiritual Universe, at once a microcosm, a heaven constituents. It also prevents the formation of coloring mat- in least form, and an image of the Divine Being. ter during the process of evaporation, and that resulting from the application of heat. The experiments of M. Melsens, on the juice extracted from fresh canes brought from Murcia, in Spain, led to the production of crystals of great size, and not more deeply coloured than common candy. But it is not alone applicable to the purification of the juice extracted by the mechanical means of crushing. The large per centage of saccharine matter retained by the spongy pith of the cane may be washed out by water containing a small quantity of the bisulphate of lime, without fear of loss by fermentation, and may then be concentrated and elaborated at the leisure of the planter. If the improvements attending the use of this salt are as great as they are represented, this discovery will produce as great a saving in the article of sugar as the mechanical ingenuity of By notices of Books and Works of Art-records of Scientific discoveries and Mechanical inventions and summaries of News, especially as illustrating Reform movements at home and abroad-the Spirit of the Age will endeavor to be a faithful mirror of human progress. EDITOR WILLIAM HENRY CHANNING. FOWLERS & WELLS, CLINTON HALL, 129 AND 131 NASSAU-STREET, NEW YORK. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY: TERMS-$2,00 A YEAR: INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. All communications and remittances for The Spirit of the Whitney effected with the other great staple of the Southern Age should be directed to Messrs. Fowlers & Wells, Clinton Hall, States. THE MORTAL REMAINS OF GUSTAVUS VASA OF SWEDEN.A letter from Upsala of the 24th ult, states that the Dukes of East Gotha and Dalecarlia, now students at the University of Upsala, being desirous of seeing the mortal remains of Gustavus I. (Gustavus Vasa), which are deposited in one of the vaults of the cathedral of that city, the marble sarcophagus containing the body was opened by virtue of a special authorization of the King. Of the body of the great monarch nothing remains but the skeleton; but all the clothes (of the ancient Spanish costume) are intact, and preserve a certain freshness. |