ment, honestly and faithfully. It has been our anxious study, as No. 106, besides the filling up of some vacant numbers, by unwearied diligence, to promote the success and prosperity made such by the withdrawal or dissolution of the Sub-Divisof our institution. The result is before you-judge for your- ions to whom such Nos. were originally given. The records selves. For myself, whether I am with you or not, nothing show the number of such failures to be only five during the will ever give me more unbounded pleasure than to hear of past year. If there are others, the Secretary has no official your continued success, and to see your Society extend itself notice of the fact. During these past three years the trade of until it embraces the entire body of your oppressed and badly Sub-Divisions through our Central Agent has rapidly increased, paid trade. Persevere in the good work which you have begun, until now it appears that there are but few Divisions who do and the future historian will illume the brightest pages of his not embrace and improve this channel for their purchases; a history with a detail of that great social revolution of which fact which shows the well-merited confidence reposed in our you are the precursors-a revolution which will stand second trusty agent, and an approval of the Union principles; and we only in importance to that of our fathers, wherein they forever venture to express the hope that the time is not distant when crushed in this country the tyranny and oppression of England. each Division in the Union will consider it for their advantage Your ship is now fairly afloat, and propitious breezes swell the to help to swell our united capital by adding to it as far as sails. The haven of happiness and prosperity wherein is cen- possible the amount of their purchases.

tered the welfare of unborn generations, is distinctly in view. The first Report of the Committee on Trade that we find See that you man the good ship well. But if storms should on our file, was made in January, 1848, for the previous quarlower, and difficulties beset your course, meet them with warm ter; the amount purchased is stated at $18,748 77. Since that hearts and cool heads, and calm, and sunshine, and pleasant time, the amount purchased through the Central Agent each breezes will return. But whatever difficulties beset you, "never give up the ship."

Yours fraternally,

successive quarter we find to be as follows:

I remain, Gentlemen,

1848 April,

$24,359 02

And to-day we

July,

33,000 00

learn from the

Oct.,

B. S. TREANOR, Sec'y.

1849 Jany.,

April,

49,601 14

the past Quarter

July,

Oct.,

69,851 22

REPORT

OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CENTRAL DIVISION, N. E.
PROTECTIVE UNION.

This does not look like going backward or dying out, but rather fills us with courage for the future; and we have reason BOSTON, Jan., 1850.- The government are reminded by the to thank God to-day for the success of this People's Institution, return of the Annual Session of the Central Division, that it and to encourage ourselves in the belief, that while our bromay be proper for them to submit a few remarks, and to con- thers remain true to themselves and to each other, our benefigratulate the Union on the continued increase and general cent Union shall increase and strengthen with each succesprosperity of Sub-Unions. sive year. The Supreme Division of the Working Men's Protective The expenses of our Central organization are not necesUnion was organized in January, 1847. At this time there sarily very great, and we trust the provision of our Constitution were only 12 Divisions in the Union. No special efforts were for meeting these expenses will be cheerfully complied with. made to propagate the plan of our organization, and yet, as a The printing of documents, services of a Secretary, use of proof that the plan commended itself to the good sense of the Hall for meeting, and stationery, constitute the chief objects people, when known, we are able to state that in January, of expense; and obligations arising from such sources, we have 1848, one year from the organization of the Supreme Di- no doubt will be promptly provided for.

In January, 1849, an important step was taken in the organization of our body, which we believe has been followed with most happy results. The proper and necessary preliminaries having been taken for a revision and alteration of the Constitution, the good work was happily consummated at the annual session of 1849. We are happy to bear testimony vied on Sub-Divisions for the current year, and the subject is to the adaptation of our present Constitution, after a year's referred to the attention of the Division. The Government experience under it, to meet the necessities of a body like the recommend an Assessment to be levied at this Session on each New England Protective Union. The change of name, both Division now formed, or that shall be organized previous to for the Institution itself and this important and central branch July next, which shall be sufficient to defray this debt and the of it, has given us new strength by removing from our path those titles which to many were only stumbling-blocks.

probable expenses of the year.
Respectfully submitted for the Government.

A. J. WRIGHT, Secretary.

We commenced the year 1849 as the New England Protective Union, and this body has since been known as the Central Division. The increase of Sub-Divisions the past year has exceeded our most ardent expectations. Instructions for read with painful interest by the thousands who are depositors the organization of Divisions have already been issued as high in these concerns. The loss is set down at £40,000-no small

SAVINGS' BANKS. - The Rochdale Bank defalcations will be amount in one town. No doubt were the affairs of similar insti- been sent by members of the Divisions, and we have considertutions in other parts of the country rigidly investigated, many ed the goods sent as the actual product of their labor, and as other defalcations and rogueries would be discovered. This such we have endeavored to realize to its owners a fair remushould lead the depositors among the working classes to con- neration, at the same time doing, as far as the nature of the sider whether some other means of investment could not be case would admit, exact justice to all concerned.

discovered by which, while their savings were secured, they might be made capital to work for them, instead of as under the present savings' banks system, being made a weapon in the hands of capitalists to crush them still lower in the social scale. London Tribune.

QUARTERLY REPORT.

TO THE CENTRAL DIVISION OF THE NEW ENGLAND
PROTECTIVE UNION.

The Committee on Trade respectfully submit the following
Report for the quarter ending December 31, 1849.

In accordance with the policy hetofore pursued, no expenses have been incurred in anticipation of increasing business; but, as the receipts of produce and other goods will require it, a larger store will be obtained. The number of persons employed during the quarter, has been four permanently, and two transiently, making six in all. This force can be increased to any amount which the business demands. The Divisions will facilitate the movement by communicating with the Agency whenever they are offered any new article, either from a manufacturer, dealer, or pedlar; as instances have occurred where Divisions have paid much more for certain articles than they could be bought for by the ten or twelve packages at a time.

The Committee have been actively engaged during the quarThe amount of Goods purchased for the Divisions during ter in carrying out the objects for which the Purchasing De- the quarter is one hundred and two thousand three hundred and partment was instituted, and we are enabled, through the co- fifty three dollars, and fifty three cents-$102,353 53. operation of the different Divisions, to report a still larger increase in the amount of trade than has been attained in any previous quarter.

The advantages of concentrating the funds of the different Divisions through one channel are better understood and more appreciated, and the practicability of the system adopted by the Union for distributing the products of labor among the work

JOHN G. KAULBACK,
Е. Н. Воотн,
WELCOME ANGELL.

PETER L. BLACKER,
J. F. Аввот,
ELISHA SMITH,

J. P. BURNHAM,

THE NEW SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND. - Some

ing classes is no longer a question. The disadvantage which parties object to the proposed scheme, because it does not lay the poor man suffered under in purchasing the necessaries of down a plan of practical operations; others think it should life, in contrast with the advantages possessed by those of am- start on a similar basis to the old Socialist agitation. With ple means, was the cause which originated our Institution, respect to the former objectors, we may state that those who which we believe is capable of doing much towards securing to wish for immediate practical operations, could not do better the laborer as large a quantity of a given article for his dollar than lend a helping hand to the "Redemption Society," which

as the rich man can command.

appears to be conducted on such safe and sound principles as The Purchasing Agent has been very successful in getting to render eventual success all but certain. Should that scheme the lighter and small package goods of first hands, and he is not exactly suit some parties, then they must wait until anconstantly availing himself of the advantages which offer from other body of co-operators are ready to commence action for a time to time for the benefit of the Divisions; and such articles co-operative community. To bring the latter speedily about, as can be delivered at the store in the most economical manner we must marshal public opinion; and this can best be done by are received and kept there. On heavy goods, the course for- lectures, discussions, and the issue of tracts, such as the promerly pursued, of leaving them where they are bought until posed Association intimate their intention of carrying out. they are sent to the Depots, is found to be the most economi- With respect to the other objects, we are opposed to a renewed agitation on the old Socialist basis, because it was made a sec

cal.

In the early part of the quarter, in accordance with the in- tarian and anti-theological crusade, and so conducted that no tentions made known at the last session, the Committee avail- Communist or Socialist who did not make a certain metaphisical ed themselves of the services of W. F. Young, who went out confession of faith, could join in it. A more cosmopolitan to Western New York to see what could be done in relation policy is now demanded. A new organisation should be conto flour and other produce; and the result of his mission has fined, as far as possible, to the recognition of those great ecobeen highly favorable to the movement. Through the assist- nomical and social truths on which all Social Reformers are ance of Mr. Hugh Brooks, he was enabled to forward us some are agreed, and it should go before the country as a new and flour from three different mills, all of which has given the definite party composed of men who, though differing on cerhighest satisfaction, and also to obtain information which has tain points of faith and philosophy, are nevertheless agreed in proved valuable in relation to other lots; and it is believed by the necessity of a new organization of labor on the co-operayour committee that, taking the quality and weight into con- tive basis. Besides, apart from metaphysical grounds, nothing sideration, full 25 cents per bbl. has been saved on three thou- could be more absurd and suicidal than to import into a young

sand barrels of this flour.

We are still making efforts to secure a steady supply of flour of uniform quality and at reasonable rates, direct from the mill, so as to be able to send it from the mills to the Divisions with no other costs added but transportation, and as far as possible redeem the products, on which our existence mainly depends, from the control of monopolists and speculators. We have received during the quarter several lots of Butter, Cheese, Poultry, &c., from the Vermont Divisions, which have

society the differences and disputes of a defunct movement, or to make new proselytes and parties responsible for old errors

and mistakes.

The following propositions shall, for the present, constitute the principles and objects of the association :

1. "That the means exist, in great superabundance, by which arrangements may be formed to produce, with ease and pleasure, far more than sufficient wealth to satisfy the reasonable wants of the whole population; and that these means may be applied to effect this object, not only without injury to any, but was of an exceedingly interesting nature, was listened to with most beneficially for all, of every class.

2. "That the means exist in more than ample sufficiency by which arrangements may be made to effect a most material improvement in the character of the present ill-trained adult population, and to educate the young in a most superior manner, by giving to all correct practical knowledge on the most important subjects connected with their welfare and happiness, and by creating new and favorable influence to re-form or wellform the dispositions, habits, and manners of all.

much attention by the auditory, and at its close Mr. L. was warmly applauded. The Rev. Francis Bishop, in an appropriate speech, conveyed to Mr. Leighton the thanks of the members for his kindness in coming forward to deliver the lecture.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND SELF-SUPPORTING
VILLAGE SOCIETY.

3. "That these means can only be efficiently applied by forming new combinations of circumstances in which to place the A meeting of the Church of England Self-supporting Vilpopulation, so that they may be enabled to produce and dis- lage Society was held at Exeter Hall, on Wednesday evening, tribute wealth justly, harmoniously, and most advantageously, to publicly deliver to certain successful competitors for essays to educate wisely and practically, and to direct all their proceedings with justice, kindness, and mutual regard to the interests and happiness of all."

4. "That these new combinations of circumstances will constitute new co-operative townships or communities, each adapted for a population of from 200 to 500 families, or from 800 to 2,000 individuals.

5. "That these new townships may be formed without interfering with existing institutions, and will promote the peaceful progress of all useful reforms, with due regard to the inter

ests of all classes.

on the principles of the Society in question the amount of prize money promised for the best production by working men. A report of the proceedings will be found elsewhere.

We are pleased that Mr. Morgan has succeeded in getting so many clergymen to patronize his scheme, and hope he may manage to carry it into practical effect, though we cannot but regret that in the speeches delivered on the occasion, honor was not fairly paid where it was due, and that while every remote or secondary cause that had given birth to the movement

6. "That this society eschew and deprecate the identification was made duly prominent, no credit whatever was given to of Social Reform with any peculiar theological creed or specu- those who for the last 20 or 30 years in France and England lations; such identification being contrary to fact, and calculat- have done their part to create a public opinion in favor of Soed, most unjustly and falsely, to commit all who accept the economical, educational, and practical doctrines of Socialism, cial Reform. Not even Mr. Owen's name, whose plan has been to theological or speculative opinions which they may not hold, literally plagiarised in the scheme submitted to the meeting, and tending, in the existing state of public opinion upon such with the addition of a Church, was mentioned, though one or subjects, materially to retard the acceptance of the practical two speakers professed to give an historical sketch of the views of Socialism by society. But, at the same time, they communistic idea. While we regret that circumstances create claim for every individual, of whatever creed or sect, the most perfect unmolested liberty of conscience, and the right to ex- so much mental oowardice, we are, nevertheless, pleased to press and advocate, with temper and fairness, his opinions upon find some portion of the members of the Church of England all subjects.'

clergy taking up the question of Communism in any form, and glad we shall be to learn that sufficient capital has been

TUCKERMAN INSTITUTE. An institution bearing the above subscribed to ensure the erection of the first "Church of name has for some months been in existence for the benefit of England self-supporting village."-London Tribune. the working classes in the vicinity of Toxteth Park. It is situate in Bedford-street, and has attached to it a news-room and a library, containing a well selected set of books, 900 volumes

in number. The institution, which is held in a school-room,

is open for the members from seven o'clock in the evening un

til ten, at the exceeding low charge of one penny per week. Lectures on various subjects are also a prominent feature in

THE LONDON TRADES CONFERENCE. - An adjourned meet

ing of the London Trades' Delegates was held on Wednesday
evening, at the Literary and Scientific Institution, John-street,
Fitzroy-Square, to "receive a proposition for the profitable
employment of the unemployed of the working classes of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; for purchasing
the estates of private individuals; also to provide for portions
of the crown lands, together with the aforesaid lands, to be
appropriated to the establishment of home colonies, for the
wealthful and ben ficial employment of the unemployed of the
working classes, and thereby promote the prosperity
classes of the empire."

the institution; and there are, in addition, other attractions of an intellectual tendency, all combining to render the institution one deserving of the attention and support of those for whose especial benefit it has been founded. It is gratifying to be able to state that, to a considerable extent, the working classes residing at Toxteth Park avail themselves of the advantages which the institution affords, the room being nightly well attended, as well as the lectures, in which much interest is taken. The continued increase in the number of members has led to a further step being taken in order to place the institution up- is the first duty of all governments to provide for and protect

on a permanent and sound footing, and a deed, setting forth the objects and principles of the institution, has just been formed, the trustees being William Rathbone, Esq., Thomas Harvey, Esq., Thomas Bolton, Esq., and R. V. Yates, Esq. There

of all

After a lengthened discussion by the delegates, the preamble of the bill was amended by inserting the words, " that it

the industry of those governed, and that any government neglecting this great duty fails to fulfil its chief obligation." After passing the preamble, the delegates proceeded with the discussion of the clauses; and having agreed to the first

is every reason to suppose that this institution will, at no dis- clause, constituting a board of six commissioners for superintant day, rank among the leading institutions in the town for tending the establishment of home colonies for the industrial intellectual and moral improvement of the working classes; employment of the working classes-one-half of such board and too much praise cannot be awarded to its founder, the Rev. of commissioners to be men most skilled and practically exFrancis Bishop, whose object in naming it after the great perienced in the various industrial occupations for the employAmerican philanthropist, Tuckerman, will be generally appa- ment of the working classes in the industrial establishments rent to our readers. On Thursday evening Mr. Leighton, sec- contemplated by the bill.

An adjournment took place until Wednesday evening

retary of the Roscoe Club, gave a lecture to the members on
"The Voice, Speech, and Vocal Illusions.". The lecture, which next.

Miscellany.

CONTENTS.

35

Electoral and Social Reform 34 Report of the Central Divis-
Rothschild..
ion N.E. Protective Union 45
German Unity

tionist.....

A PERSIAN HOUSE. - The most remarkable disposition of The Confesions of a Revoluthe palaces and houses of the Mussulmen is divided into two The Spiritual World. very distinct parts; one for the master of the house, and the A Poor Man's Picnic.. other for the women and the family. When the house is of Theism-Pantheism.. Motives to Duty.

any importance, the women have a part of the building set

36 Quarterly Report........

46

Social Reform in England.. 46 37 Tuckerman Institute....... 47 38 Church of England Self39 Supporting Villages...... 47 40 Miscellany............. 42 POETRY. Image Breaker.... 33

Boston Tailors' Union.,..... 44

THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

48

aside for their separate use. In the interior are two open areas; into the larger of these, planted with shrubs and refreshed by fountains, open the apartments of the men, and the smaller corresponds to the rooms of the ladies. Malcolm speaks of a ventilating apparatus placed on the roof a Persian PROSPECTUS FOR VOLUME SECOND. house, which receives the wind from whatever quarter it may THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE is designed to be a medium for blow, and cools the air in the different rooms of the building. that Life of DIVINE HUMANITY, which, amidst the crimes, The beds are spread on a kind of platform, without any other doubts, conflicts, of Revolution and Reaction, inspires the covering than the vault of heaven. The Persian palaces are hope of a Social Reorganization, whereby the Ideal of Christendom may be fulfilled in a Confederacy of Comof large dimensions, and, besides innumerable apartments they monwealths, and MAN become united in Universal Brothercontain baths, kiosks, libraries, aviaries, and fountains of every hood.

kind. According to this author, there is no building of a more Among the special ends, to whose promotion the Spirit striking appearance than a palace at Ispahan. The spacious of the Age is pledged, the following may be named :hall in the centre is open like the stage of a theatre, and is sup- I. Transitional Reforms such as Abolition of the plied with a fountain, from whence springs a jet surrounded Death Penalty, and degrading punishments, Prison Disciwith flowers; it is supported on elegant piers, carved and gilded pline, Purity, Temperance, Anti-Slavery, Prevention of Pauwith the greatest care. The dazzling brilliancy of the light, admit- perism, Justice to Labor, Land Limitation, Homestead Ex

ed at large windows, is softened by stained glass of an artistic
character. A gallery, communicating with the harem, runs at
a certain height round this hall. This gallery is devoted to
the use of the women at feasts and galas.

"Between the porphyry pillars, that uphold
The rich moresque work of the roof of gold,
Aloft the harem's curtained galleries rise,
Where, through the silken net work, glancing eyes,
From time to time, like sudden beams that glow

Through autumn clouds, shine o'er the pomp below."

Before each of these structures is a large open space with a fountain, near to which the menials stand watching for the or

ders of their master, mostly seated at one of the windows. These constructions are usually of light and graceful style, and glittering, from the enamelled bricks by which they are covered.-Architect and Building Operative.

CALIFORNIA CASTLES "EXPLODED." -A correspondent of the Boston Traveler has made some calculations that may well startle this California-crazed country. He begins by stating that there are now in the bay of San Francisco, 300 vessels. Five hundred will have left the United States by the end of the year, all of which, with the steamers, will have carried 50,000

emption, Protective Unions, Equitable Exchange and Currency, Mutual Insurance, Universal Education, Peace.

II. Organized Society-or the Combined Order of Confederated Communities, regulated and united by the Law

of Series.

III. The One, True, Holy, Universal Church of Humanity, reconciled on earth and in heaven-glorifying their planet by consummate art and communing with God in perfect Love.

IV. Psychology and Physiology-such views of Man, collective and individual, as are intuitively recognized, justified by tradition, and confirmed by science, proving him to be the culmination of the Natural Universe, and a a living member of the Spiritual Universe, at once a microcosm, a heaven in least form, and an image of the Divine Being.

By notices of Books and Works of Art-records of Scientific discoveries and Mechanical inventions and summaries of News, especially as illustrating Reform movements at home and abroad-the Spirit of the Age will endeavor to be a faithful mirror of human progress.

EDITOR

WILLIAM HENRY CHANNING.
PUBLISHERS,

FOWLERS & WELLS,

passengers. An equal number will go by land. The cost of CLINTON HALL, 129 AND 131 NASSAU-STREET, NEW YORK.

outfit and passage for these 100,000 men cannot be less than

$300 each, making, in all $30,000,000. It will cost them at least $500 a year to live. This makes $50,000,000 more.

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY:

TERMS-$2,00 A YEAR: INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. All communications and remittances for The Spirit of the Suppose the time of each individual be valued at $200 a year, Age should be directed to Messrs. Fowlers & Wells, Clinton Hall, and we have a further addition of $20,000,000, making a round 129 and 131 Nassau-street, N. Y.

aggregate of 100,000,000. Not half this amount can be reali

LOCAL AGENTS.

ed from the mines. But this is not all. The forsaken vessels
have lost an immense amount of time. They have been knock-
ed to pieces on the voyage, and any one who examines the low BOSTON, Bela Marsh.
PHILADELPHIA, J. P. Fraser.
scale upon which the above calculations are made, will be con- BALTIMORE, Wm. Taylor & Co.
vinced that $100,000,000 will not more than half cover the WASHINGTON, John Hitz.
actual loss to the country caused by the California emigration CINCINNATI, J. W. Ryland.

in one short year. The testimony is that the mines are less
productive than formerly, and it will probably take a dozen
years to make good to the country the losses of the present

BUFFALO, T. S. Hawks.
ROCHESTER, D. M. Dewey.
ALBANY, Peter Cook.
PROVIDENCE, P. W. Ferris.

SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 1850.

OFFICE, CLINTON HALL.