Whitten Brown of the British army made the first non-stop. flight across the Atlantic from Newfoundland to Ireland in sixteen hours. The following month a British dirigible balloon carrying twenty-nine men made a round trip from the British Islands to America and return. These air flights across the Atlantic suggest wonderful possibilities in the use of airships in the near future. It seems clear that in the years just ahead, our people must give serious attention to two important questions. The problem of social unrest growing out of the relations between Social and capital and labor is ever becoming more threatening. Democ- industrial justice racy must find a way to social and industrial justice. We must give every man in our country a square deal, for as Theodore Roosevelt once said, "Unless this country is made a good place for all of us to live in, it won't be a good place for any of us to live in." The development of the means of rapid travel, transportation, and communication, and the growth of commerce have drawn all the countries of the world closer together. The World peace World War has taught us that war anywhere in the world seriously concerns all the nations of the world. We must find a way of establishing justice between nations by peaceful means, for unless the world becomes a place of peace for all nations we cannot be sure that it will long continue a place of peace for any nation. the future The establishment of a square deal at home and the maintenance of peace with justice throughout the world are the tasks which challenge us as we face the future. These are not The easy problems. Their solution will demand of us the high challenge of ideals, the devotion to duty, the self-reliant spirit, and the dauntless courage which enabled our ancestors to dare the perils of the sea and to endure the hardships of the wilderness that they might win the land and build this nation which they are handing on to us. May this story of their sacrifices and their achievements inspire us to be worthy of them. REFERENCES. Ogg, National Progress: Davis, The Roots of the War; Tappan, The Little Book of the War; McMaster, The United States in the World War; March, History of the World War: Beamish, America's Part in the World War. TOPICAL READINGS. 1. Neutral Rights. Ogg, National Progress, 325-343. 2. The Approach of War. Ogg, National Progress, 384-399. 3. We Enter the War. McMaster, The United States in the World War, 351-365. 4. The President's Speech of April 2, 1917. March, History of the World War, 670-678. 5. The Call to the Colors. McMaster, The United States in the World War, 366-396. 6. America Transformed by War. March, History of the World War, 464-477. 7. How Food Won the War. March, History of the World War, 478-482. 8. Our Navy in the War. March, History of the World War, 483-497. 9. Ships and the Men Who Made Them. March, History of the World War, 520-528. 10. Château-Thierry, Field of Glory. March, History of the World War, 545-562. 11. The Argonne: America's Greatest Battle. Beamish, America's Part in the World War, 202–224. 12. General Pershing's Own Story. March, History of the World War, 701-719. ILLUSTRATIVE LITERATURE. Poems: Lindsay, Abraham Lincon Walks at Midnight; Seeger, I Have a Rendezvous with Death; Service, Carry On; Rhymes of a Red Cross Man; McCrae, In Flanders Fields; Begbie, Verdun; Brooke, The Soldier; Masters, O Glorious France. War Time Experiences: Thompson and Bigwood, Lest We Forget; Tarbell, The Rising of the Tide; Gibbons, "And They Thought We Wouldn't Fight"; Rinehart, Kings, Queens, and Pawns; Hay, The First Hundred Thousand; All in It; Dawson, Carry On; Out to Win; Living Bayonets. QUESTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 1. Locate upon a map all the countries named in this chapter. 2. Ought our country to have entered the war against Germany sooner than it did? Give a reason for your opinion. 3. What lessons upon the subject of military preparedness can we learn from the World War? Ought our country to require compulsory military training of all its young men? Why? 4. What are the arguments in favor of a League of Nations? What can be said against it? 5. What is the value of studying history? APPENDIX THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE IN CONGRESS JULY 4, 1776. The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America. When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitles them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our loss; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases of the benefits of Trial by jury: For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-Citizens taken captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms. Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus Marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. We Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. WE, THEREFORE, the REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN GENERAL CONGRESS, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly PUBLISH and DECLARE, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be FREE AND INDEPENDENT States: that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, We mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor. |