SHIPS of Tarshish; merchants, men en-
riched by commerce, and abounding in
all the elegancies and luxuries of life,
particularly the merchants of Tyre and
Sidon.-Isa. ii. 12-16. The day of the
LORD of Hosts shall be......upon all
the ships of Tarshish.-Isa. xxiii. 1.
Howl, O ye ships of Tarshish.
SHOES.-The preparation of the Gospel
of peace.-Eph. vi. 15.
SILENCE.
1. Bringing to silence, or putting to si-
lence. Utter destruction-Isa. xv. 1.
As if Moab is laid waste and brought to
silence.-Jer. viii. 14. The LORD our
God hath put us to silence.
2. A symbol of praying.-Luke i. 9, 10.
SIT SITTING.
1. Reigning, ruling, and judging.-In
Judg. v. 10. Ye that sit in judgment,
are the magistrates or judges. The sit-
ting on a throne, which occurs so very
frequently in the Scriptures, invariably
means to reign.
2. With other adjuncts, sitting has a dif-
ferent signification: as,
i. To sit upon the earth or dust, (Isa. iii.
26. xlvii. 1. Lam. ii. 10. Ezek. xxvi. 16.)
or on a dunghill, signifies to be in ex-
treme misery.
ii. To sit in darkness (Psal. cvii. 10. Isa.
xlii. 7.) is to be in prison and slavery.
iii. To sit as a widow (Isa. xlvii. 8.) is to
mourn as a widow.
SLAVE, One who has no property in
himself, but is bought by another. Such
are all mankind, whom Christ has re-
deemed from the slavery of sin.-1 Cor.
vi. 20. Ye are bought with a price. See
Deut. vii. 8. Isa. lxi. 1.
ance; and the healing up, remission or
forgiveness.
SOUTH.-Judæa.-Ezek. xx. 46. Set thy
face toward the south, and drop [thy
word] towards the south.-Judæa lay to
the south of Chaldæa, where the pro-
phet Ezekiel stood.
SOUTH-FIELD.-Ezek. xx. 46. Prophesy
against the forest of the South-field;
that is, against Jerusalem, in which
there were good and bad men, as there
are trees in a forest.
SOWER.-A Preacher of the Word.-
Matt. xiii. 3. A sower went forth to sow.
See verse 39.
SPEAKING. See VOICE, 2.
STAR.
1. A ruler or conqueror.-Numb. xxiv.
17. There shall come a star out of Jacob,
and a sceptre shall arise out of Israel,
and shall smite the corners of Moab, and
shall destroy all the children of Sheth.
See an exposition of this prophecy in
Vol. IV. p. 18. note.
2. The Rulers of the Church.-Rev. i.
20. The seven stars are the angels of
the seven churches.
3. Glorified Saints.-1 Cor. xv. 41. One
star differeth from another star in glory.
4. Wandering stars.-Jude 13. Wicked
apostates, that go from light into outer
darkness.
1. Corner-stone, or headstone of the Cor-
ner.-Jesus Christ.-Psal. cxviii. 22.
Matt. xxi. 42. and parallel passages. The
stone which the builders refused the
same is become the head of the corner.
2. Stones.-Believers, who are built upon
the true foundation, the Lord Jesus
Christ.-1 Pet. ii. 5. Ye also as lively
(or living) stones are built up a spiritual
house.
3. Heart of stone.-A hard, stubborn,*
and unbelieving heart.-Ezek. xxxvii.26.
I will take away the stony heart.
4. Stone.-An idol of stone.-Habak. ii.
19. Woe unto him that saith unto the
wood, "Awake!"—and to the dumb
stone, "Arise!" and it shall teach.
5. White Stone.-A full pardon and ac-
quittal. Rev. ii. 17. I will give him a
white stone. See an explanation of the
custom alluded to, in Vol. III. p. 113.
SUN.
SLEEP-Death.-Dan. xii. 2. Many that
sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake.
SODOM and GOMORRAH.-Any apostate
city or people; or the wicked world at
large. Isa. i. 10. Hear the word of
the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give|
ear unto the law of our God, ye people
of Gomorrah. See Rev. xi. 8.
SOLDIER.-A Christian who is at war
with the world, the flesh, and the devil.
-2 Tim. ii. 3. Endure hardness as a
good soldier of Jesus Christ.
SORES, or ULCERS symbolically denote
sins; because, according to the Hebrew
idiom and notions, to heal signifies to
pardon sins; and to pardon a sin is
equivalent to healing.-2 Chron. xxx.
20. The pious monarch, Hezekiah, 2. Sun of Righteousness.-Jesus Christ.
having prayed that God would excuse -Mal. iv. 2. The SUN OF RIGHTEOUS-
and pardon those who had eaten the NESS shall arise with healing in his
passover without being sufficiently puri- wings.
fied, the LORD hearkened to Hezekiah,
and healed the people.-Isa. liii. 5. By
his stripes we are healed. In Isa. i. 6.
Wounds, bruises, and sores, are sins;
the binding up of them signifies repent-
1. The Lord God.-Psal. lxxxiv. 11. The
Lord God is a Sun.
Among the various hieroglyphics disco-
vered by Dr. Richardson in the ruins of
the antient temple of Tentyra or Dende-
ra, in Upper Egypt, is one which may
illustrate this expression of the prophet.
-"Immediately over the centre of the]
door-way," says he, "is the beautiful
Egyptian ornament, usually called the
globe, with serpent and wings, emble-
matic of the glorious sun, poised in the
airy firmament of heaven, supported and
directed in his course by the eternal
wisdom of the Deity. The sublime
phraseology of Scripture, The Sun of
Righteousness shall arise with healing
in his wings, could not be more accu-
rately or more emphatically represented
to the human eye, than by this elegant
device" [Dr. Richardson's Travels along
the Mediterranean, &c. vol. i. p. 187.]
3. Sun and Moon.-The sun shall be
turned into darkness, and the moon into
blood. (Joel ii. 31. Acts ii. 20.) A figu-
rative representation of a total eclipse,
in which the sun is entirely darkened,
and the moon assumes a bloody hue: it
signifies the fall of the civil and ecclesi-ed by seven voices, loud as thunder.
astical state in Judæa.
SWINE.-Wicked and unclean people.-
Matt. vii. 6. Neither cast ye your pearls
before swine.
SWORD.
and destroy her power. See Isa. xli 15.
Amos i. 3. Micah iv. 13. Hab. iii. 12.
THRONE.-Kingdom, Government.--Gen
xli. 40. Only in the throne will I be great-
er than thou. In 2 Sam. iii. 10. kingdom
and throne are synonymous. To tran
slate the kingdom from the house of Saul
-and to set up the throne of David over
Israel. The settling of the throne in 2
Sam. vii. 12, 13. 16. signifies the settling
or establishment of the government in
peace: and the enlargement of the
throne, in 1 Kings i. 37. compare with
47. implies a great accession of power
1. Death and destruction. See Ezek. xxi.
-This symbol occurs so repeatedly in the
Scriptures, and is, besides, so well known
as to render more examples unnecessary.
2. Sword of the Spirit.-The word of God.
Eph. vi. 17. Heb. iv. 12. Rev. i. 16.
TABERNACLE.-The body of man.-2
Cor. v. 1. We know that if our earthly
house of [this] tabernacle were dissolved.
-2 Pet. i. 13, 14. I must shortly put off
this tabernacle.
and dominions.
THUNDER.-The voice of God.-Psal.
xxix. 3. The voice of the LORD is upon
the waters; the God of glory thundereth.
In Rev. x. 4. the seven thunders may
mean either a particular prophecy, or
perhaps seven distinct prophecies, utter-
TOWERS and Fortresses; defenders and
protectors, whether by counsel or by
strength, in peace or in war.-Isa ii. 12.
15. The day of the Lord of Hosts shall
be......upon every high tower, and
every fenced wall (or fortress).
TRAVAILING with child.
1. A state of anguish and misery.-Jer.
iv. 31. I have heard a voice as of a wo-
man in travail, the anguish as of her
that bringeth forth her first child, the
voice of the daughter of Zion.-Jer.
xiii. 21. Shall not sorrows overtake
thee as a woman in travail? See also
Isa. xxvi. 17, 18. lxvi. 7. Jer. xxx. 6, 7.
2. The sorrow of tribulation or persecu
tion.-Mark xiii. 8. These are the be
ginnings of sorrows, literally, the pains
TARES. The children of the wicked one. of a woman in travail. See 1 Thess.
-Matt. xiii. 38.
TARSHISH. See SHIPS.
TEETH.-The symbols of cruelty or of a
devouring enemy.-Prov.xxx.14. There
is a generation whose teeth are as
swords; and their jaw-teeth as knives
to devour the poor from off the earth,
and the needy from among men. See
also Deut. xxxii. 24. Psal.lviii. 6. lvii. 4.
TEN. See NUMBERS.
THIRST. See HUNGER.
THORNS.
1. The cares, riches, and pleasures of life.
-Luke viii. 14. That which fell among
thorns, are they, which, when they have
heard the word, go forth, and are choked
with cares, and riches, and pleasures of
life.
2. Thorns and Briars; wicked, perverse,
and untractable persons.-Ezek. ii. 6.
Son of man, be not afraid of them..
though briars and thorns be with thee.
THREE OF THIRD. See NUMBERS.
THRESHING.-Destruction.--Jer. li. 33.
Babylon is like a threshing-floor: it is
time to thresh her; that is, to subdue
TREAD under, or trample upon.-To over-
come and bring under subjection.-Psal.
x. 12. Through God we shall do val
iantly; for it is he that shall tread down
our enemies. See Isa. x. 6. xiv. 25.
TREE of Life.-Immortality.—Rev. ii. 7.
To him that overcometh, will I give to
eat of the tree of life. See a description
of it in Rev. xxii. 2—14., and an excel-
lent sermon of Bishop Horne's Works,
vol. iv. Sermon iii. on the Tree of Life.
TREES.
1. Men in general fruitful and unfruitful.
--Psal. i. 3. He (the good man) shall
be like a tree, planted by rivers of water.
Matt. iii. 10. Every tree which bring-
eth not forth good fruit, is hewn down,
and cast into the fire.
2. A great tree.-A king or monarch
See Dan. iv. 19–23.
3. The nobles of a kingdom.-Isa. 1. 18,
19. It shall consume the glory of his
forest, and of his fruitful field both soul
and body..........And the rest of the trees of
his forest shall be few.. [See CEDARS,
1. The purifying grace of the Holy
Spirit.-John iii. 5.-Except a man be
born of water and of the spirit, he cannot
enter into the kingdom of God. See also
Psal. li. 2.
OAKS.] As trees denote great men and WATER.
princes, so boughs, branches, or sprouts
denote their offspring. Thus, in Isa. xi.
1. Jesus Christ, in respect of his human
nature, is styled a rod of the stem of
Jesse, and a branch out of his roots;
that is, a prince arising from the family
of David.
VEIL of the Temple.-The body of Christ
opening the kingdom of heaven by his
death, when the veil of the temple was
rent.-Matt. xxvii. 51. The veil of the
temple was rent in twain.-Heb. x.
20. By a new and living way, which he
hath consecrated for us through the
veil, that is to say, his flesh.
VINE.
1. The Jewish Church.-Psal. lxxx. 8.
Thou broughtest a vine out of Egypt.
See also verse 14. Jer. xxii. 21. Ezek.
2. Christ, the head of the church.-John
xv. 1. I am the true vine.
VINEYARD.--The church of Israel.-Isa.
v. 1-6. The Vineyard of the LORD of
Hosts is the house of Israel.
VIPERS-The Children of the wicked
one.-Matt. iii. 7. xii. 34. Q generation
of vipers.
VOICE.
1. Voice of the Bridegroom.-The fes-
tivity of a wedding, and the expressions
of joy which are uttered on such occa-
sions. Jer. vii. 34. Then will I cause
to cease from the cities of Judah, and
from the streets of Jerusalem, the voice
of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the
VOICE OF THE BRIDEGROOM, and the
VOICE OF THE BRIDE. The same ex-
pression also occurs in Jer. xvi. 9. xxv.
10. xxxiii. 11. and John iii. 29.
2. Speaking with a faint voice, denotes
the being in a weak and low condition.
-Isa. xxix. 4. Thou shalt be brought
down, and shalt speak out of the ground;
and thy speech shall be low out of the
3. Voice of the Lord. See THUNDER.
WALKING among, or in the midst.-
Watchfulness and protection. Lev.
xxvi. 12. I will walk among you, and will
be your God.
WALL-Stability and safety.-Zech. ii.
5. I will be unto her a wall of fire round
about;
that is, I will defend her from all
enemies without, by my angels, as so
many flames of fire surrounding her.
WAND. See ROD.
WANDERING Stars. See STARS.
WASHING with water.-Purification from
sin and guilt.-Psal. li. 2. 7. Wash me
thoroughly from mine iniquity, and
cleanse me from my sin. Wash me, and
I shall be whiter than snow.
2. Living water.-The word of the Gos-
pel.-John iv. 10. He would have given
thee living water.
WATERS.
1. Troubles and afflictions.-Psal. lxix.
1. Save me, O God; for the waters are
2. A great multitude of people.-Isa. viii.
come in unto my soul.
7. The LORD bringeth up upon them the
waters of the river, strong and many,
i. e. army of the king of Assyria; whose
overwhelming force is compared to the
waters of the great, rapid, and impe-
15.
tuous river Euphrates. See Rev. xvii.
3. The blessings of the Gospel.—Isa. lv.
1. Ho! every one that thirsteth, come
ye to the waters.
of the heathens marching against the
WAVES of the Sea.-Numerous armies
people of God.-Psal. lxv. 7. Which still-
eth the noise of the seas, the noise of
their waves. See also Psal. lxxxix. 9.
and xciii. 3, 4.—Jude 13. Raging waves
of the sea.
WEEK.-Seven years.-Dan. ix. 24. Se-
venty weeks are determined upon thy
people; that is, seventy weeks of years
or four hundred and ninety years.
WHEAT-Good seed, the children of the
kingdom. Matt. xiii. 38.
WHITE. See Garments, 1.; Horse, 3.;
STONE, 5.
WILDERNESS.
1. All manner of desolation.-Isa. xxvii.
10. The defenced city shall be desolate,
and the habitation forsaken and left like
a wilderness.--Jer. xxii. 6. Surely I will
make thee a wilderness [and] cities
[which] are not inhabited. See also
Hos. ii. 6.
2. This world, through which all real
Christians pass, and undergo all the
trials of the Hebrews in their way to
the heavenly Canaan.-1 Cor. x. 5, 6.
They were overthrown in the wilderness.
Now these things were our examples.—
Isa. xli. 18. I will make the wilderness
a pool of water.
WIND.
1. Violent Wind.-Destruction.-Jer. li.
1. I will raise up against Babylon......
a destroying wind. Jer. iv. 11, 12.
dry wind of the high places in the wil-
derness...
... even a full wind from those
places shall come unto me.
2. The four winds.-General destruction.
-Jer. xlix. 36. Upon Elam will I bring
the four winds, from the four quarters
of heaven. See also Dan. vii. 2. viii. 8.
Rev. vii. 1. See AIR.
1. Wine, when mentioned together with
corn and oil (as it very frequently is)
denotes all kinds of temporal good
things.-Hos. ii. 8. I gave her corn
and wine, and oil. See Joel ii. 19.
Psal. iv. 7.
2. As the choicest heavenly blessings are
frequently represented in the Scriptures
by the salutary effects of wine; so, from
the noxious and intoxicating qualities of
that liquor (which antiently was mix-
ed with bitter and stupefying ingre-
dients, and given to malefactors who
were about to suffer death)-is borrow-
ed a most tremendous image of the
wrath and indignation of Almighty God.
Psal. lxxv. 8. In the hand of the LORD
there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is
full of mixture, &c.-Psal. lx. 3. Thou
hast made us to drink the wine of as-
tonishment. See Jer. xxv. 15. Rev.
xiv. 10. xvi. 19.
WINE-PRESS.-Treading the wine-press,
from their custom of pressing grapes,
signifies destruction attended with great
slaughter.-Lament. i. 15. The LORD
hath trodden under foot all my mighty
men in the midst of me; he hath called
an assembly against me, to crush my
young men the LORD hath trodden the
virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a
wine press. See Isa. Ixiii. 3.
WINGS.
1. Protection.-Psal. xvii. 8. Hide me
under the shadow of thy wings.
Psal. xxxvi. 7. and xci. 4.
2. Wings, when used to fly upwards, are
emblems of exaltation.-Isa. xl. 31. They
shall mount up with wings as eagles;
that is, they shall be highly exalted.
WOLF. A thief, or religious impostor; a
devourer of the church.-Luke x. 3. I
send you forth as lambs among wolves.
-John x. 12. He that is a hireling..
seeth the wolf coming and leaveth the
sheep, and fleeth; and the wolf scattereth
them.
WOMAN.
1. A city, a state, or body politic, or the
inhabitants thereof.-The daughter of
Tyre in Psal. xlv. 12., of Babylon in
Psal. cxxxvii. 8., and of Jerusalem in 2
Kings xix. 21., signifies the inhabitants
of those cities, respectively. The daugh-
ter of Jerusalem, when virtuous, is hon-
oured with the high appellation of the
espoused of God in Isa. liv. 1. 5. lxvi. 6
-14., and Jer. xxxi. 4. When wicked
and idolatrous, she is styled the harlot,
the adulteress. See ADULTERESS.
2. The true church of Christ.-Rev. xii.
1. A woman clothed with the sun.
WRITE. To publish or notify. This was
the first intention of writing; and, in the
earliest ages, no writings were made but
upon pillars or monuments, merely to
notify things.-Jer. xxii. 30. Write this
man childless; that is, publish it, and let
all men know that he shall have no child
to succeed him upon the throne. For it
appears from 1 Chron. ni. 17, 18. and
Matt. i. 12., that Jeconiah (of whom the
prophet is speaking) had children; but
being born probably after he was carried
to Babylon, where he lived many years
a captive, none of them ever succeeded
to the royal authority. See 2 Kings
1. Oppressive bondage.-Deut. xxviii. 48.
He shall put a yoke of iron upon thy
neck, until he shall have destroyed thee.
See Jer. xxviii. 14. In Gal. v. 1. The
yoke of bondage means the burthensome
ceremonies of the Mosaic law, from
which the Christian law of liberty has
delivered us.
2. Punishment for sin.-Lam. i. 14. The
yoke of my transgressions is bound by
his hand.
3. Those useful restraints, which arise
from a sense of the duty which we owe
to God, and the obedience we ought
to pay to his laws.-Lam. iii. 27. It is
good for a man to bear the yoke in his
youth.
4. The doctrines and precepts of Jesus
Christ, and the temper, dispositions and
duties which flow from them.-Matt. xi.
29, 30. Take my yoke upon you, and
learn of me, for I am meek and lowly
in heart, and ye shall find rest unto your
souls. For my yoke is easy and my bur-
den is light-Quesnel's remark upon
the last sentence is not more beautiful
than devout. "How easy and sweet is
it, to serve Christ even in bearing his
cross! How hard and painful is the
slavery of the world, of sin, and of our
own passions, even with all their false
pleasures! That satisfaction, peace, and
comfort, which grace gives here below,
and that which hope encourages as to
expect in heaven, make a Christian full
amends for all his pains in subduing his
passions, and in opposing the world.. A
yoke, which Christ takes together with
us, can that be uneasy? A burthen,
which He bears in us by His Spirit,-
can that be heavy? Come then, taste
and know by experience how sweet the
Lord is, and how worthy His yoke is to
be chosen and loved!"
The numerals refer to the volumes; the Arabic figures to the pages of each volume.
Assembly's Annotations, II. 751.
Abarbanel, (Rabbi Isaac) Commentaries Augustine, Commentaries of, II. 745.
Nov. Test. Versiones Syriacæ, &c.
II. 29. note 3.
Ainsworth, (Henry) Annotations on Ge-
nesis, &c. II. 762.
Alberti, (J.) Observationes ad Nov. Test.
II. 807.
Alcuin, Commentaries of, II. 746.
Alexander, (J.) Paraphrase on 1 Cor. xv.
II. 799.
Alexii, (P.) Pentateuchi Hebræo-Sama-
ritani Præstantia, II. 14. note.
Allen, (John) Modern Judaism, II. 296.
Am-Ende, (J. G.) Versio Epistolæ ad
Philippenses, II. 801.
Amner, (R.) Essay on Daniel, II. 779.
Amyraldi, (M.) Paraphrasis in Psalmos,
Arabic, Versions of the Old Testament,|
Octoglott Book of Common
Prayer, II. 119. note.
Baieri, (J. W.) Dissertatio De Var. Lect.
Nov. Test. II. 340.
Barrett, (Johannis) Codex Rescriptus
Matthæi, II. 95. note.
Barrington, (Lord) Miscellanea Sacra,
II. 807.
Bass, (J. H.) Greek and English Lexicon
to the New Testament, II. 706.
Bate, (Julius) Translation of the Penta-
teuch, II. 762.
Bauer, (G. L.) Critica Sacra, II. 724.
Scholia in Vetus Testamentum, II.
738.
Baxter, (R.) Paraphrase on the New
Testament, II. 787.
Bayley, (Cornelius) Hebrew Grammar,
II. 697.
(Anselm) Hebrew Grammar, II.
Beausobre and L'Enfant, (MM.) Intro-
duction to the New Testament, II.
712. 734.
Le Nouveau Testament, II. 784.
Editions of, II. 190, 191.; and of the Becker, (A. G.) Conjectanea in 2 Cor. II.
New Testament, 207, 208.
Aryda, (A.) Grammatica Arabica, II. 709.
Armenian Version of the Old Testament,
Editions of, II. 196.; and of the New
Testament, 208, 209.
Ashton, (J.) Christian Expositor, II. 789.
Bedford, (A.) Scripture Chronology, II.
Bede, Commentaries of, II. 746.
Bellamy, (J.) Translation of the Bible, II.
760.
|