were never backward in such wandering enterprizes, became as celebrated for their bodily endowments against the enemies of Christianity in the field, as their ancestors, the Columbans, the Gals, and the Erigenas, were for their mental accomplishments in the Church.

6. Hence, after a long interval of nearly 300 years, from the first invasion of Ireland by the Danes, during which there was very little intercourse between Rome and Ireland, the Pope's attention, alive to every thing that could con

"rendered, there incamped on the west side of the towne, be

yond the haven, an armie of Frenchmen, amongst whom "there was a Thrasonicall Golias that came to the brinke of "the haven, and there challenged anie one of the English "armie, that durst be so hardie as to bicker with him hand to "hand. And albeit the distance of the place, the depth of the "haven, the neerness of his companie, imboldened him to this "challenge, yet all this notwithstanding, an Irishman named "Nicholl Welch, who after retained to the Earl of Kildare, "louthing and disdaining his proud brags, flung into the water, " and swam over the river, faught with the challenger, strake "him for dead, and returned back to Boullogne with the "Frenchman his head in his mouth, before the armie could "overtake him. For which exploit as he was of all his companie highly commended, so by the Lieutenant he was highly "rewarded." p. 101. an. 1544.

tribute to the salvation of Italy, and to the extent of his own temporal dominion, was naturally directed to Ireland.

7. Granted then that Keating's Chronology is inaccurate; so is O'Halloran's, so is Leland's, so is Plowden's, so is that of every one who has yet ventured to dabble in Irish History.-What then-Is every Historical fact to be rejected because it has been misplaced? Are Historical Monuments to be destroyed because they have been disfigured by barbarism, mutilated by time, or misquoted by ignorance? Does it follow that because Keating and Vallancey* refer to the days of Pope Urban II, transactions which occurred in the days of his predecessors, therefore those transactions are to be utterly denied?

8. In despight of all erroneous chronology, these three facts are incontrovertible; that the Popes laid claim to the Temporal Sovereignty of Ireland for the first time in the eleventh century; that Henry IId's title to the subordinate

to the

Col. Vallancey refers Donchad O'Brian's exile to Rome year 1064, which was the year of his death. Collectanea, No. iv, p. 541, Dubl. 1775.

Feudal Lordship of Ireland was founded on the Pope's grant; and that this subordinate tenure was recognized by the Irish Synod of Cashel, as founded on the Temporal Sovereignty of the Roman See.-The first of these facts is evident from Gregory VIIth's Letter to Tordelbach O'Brian; the second from the Bulls of Adrian and of Alexander; and the third from the original Letters of John of Salisbury, from the Acts of the Synod of Cashel, quoted by Giraldus, from the Letter of the Chieftains of Ireland to John XXII, 'preserved by Fordun, from Wilkins's Councils, t. 1, from Roger of Wendouer, Matthew of Westminster, Matthew Paris, Nicholas Trivett, John of Warwick, and Baronius, ad ann. 1159. Now this is all that I contend for here. rest I leave to those exclusive Doctors who are supposed to know every thing, and more! "qui omnia sapiunt, et plus!"

The

9. Some of our writers indeed have questioned the authenticity of Adrian's Bull, more solicitous to defend the character of a Pope who was guilty of such injustice, that to consult for

the interests of historical truth. But religion rejects with horror, every aid that is derived from falsehood and chicanery; and I see no great difference between a vile attempt to corrupt original monuments, by the insertion of falsehood, and an equally vile attempt to derogate from their authenticity, by the suppression of truth. The one indeed is forgery: but the other deserves equally the lash of learning and the indignation of virtue.

§ XIII. Influence of the Pope's temporal dominion on the Mass of the Irish people down to our times.

1. A printed Memoir was dedicated, in 1659, to the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, by the Rev. Richard O'Ferral, in which he endeavours to prove, that the ancient Milesian Irish are the only true Catholics of Ireland, and the AngloHiberni, whom he styles Noviores Hiberni, are favourers of heresy, because the former acknowledge the Pope's right to Ireland, the latter do not; the former disown all right in

the Kings of England to the Crown of Ireland; the latter, on the contrary, have always maintained that doctrine, in defiance of the ancient inhabitants !*

2. Nor is this all.-The pious and excellent Lynch, author of Cambrensis Eversus, undertook to confute O'Ferral, writing two volumes in reply, the first of which was printed at S. Maloes in 1664, and the second in 1667; and so much did this good man feel the influence of the Pope's Temporal power in Ireland, at that

* He maintained that the Anglo-Irish, and all the confederate Catholics, who had agreed to make peace with the D. of Ormond, did thereby deprive the Pope of his right to the Sovereignty of Ireland, "Nemo Hiberniam anno 1152 ad "Ecclesiam non pertinuisse poterit assere. Anglo-Hiberni "autem, et Catholico horter Politici, Sedem Apostolicam suo "jure privant."

Lynch complains that O'Ferral endeavours to maintain the Pope's Temporal Sovereignty, in order that, expelling the Anglo-Hibernian inhabitants, he would confer their estates on the ancient Milesians. "Ideo supremum Hiberniæ "Principatum S. Sedi vendicare contendit, ut posteriori"bus Hiberniæ possessoribus ex ea detrusis, priores in ea "Sedes Apostolica collocaret." Supplementum Alithinol. p. 7, 22, &c. The Anglo-Hiberni however maintained the same doctrine exactly for the opposite reason,