p. 344, 1. 15.

Jest not with the two-edged sword of God's word. Will nothing please thee to wash thy hands in but the font? or to drink healths in but the church chalice?-FULLER. The Holy State, III. 2, § 2, p. 145, London ed. 1841.

p. 344, 1. 21. "Parce puer," etc.

Sonne, spare the whip, and reyne them hard, they run so swift away. - GOLDING. Ovid's Metamorphosis, p. 127, ed. 1657.

p. 344, last line. "let him be sure to leave other men their turns to speak."

If thou be Master-gunner, spend not all

That thou canst speak, at once; but husband it,

And give men turns of speech.

HERBERT. The Church Porch.

. 345, 1. 4. "galliard." The Galliard (a word meaning brisk, gay, and used in that sense by Chaucer) is described by Sir John Davis as a swift and wandering dance, with lofty turns and capriols in the air. It derived its name from Gallia, the country from whence it came. C. Simpson says:

This (according to its name) is of a lofty and frolick movement; the measure of it always a tripla, of three minims to a time. —A Compendium of Practical Musick, 3d ed. 1678, p. 117.

For a full description of this dance, the reader is referred to that elegant work, CHAPPELL'S Popular Music of the Olden Time, I. 155, 157.

ESSAY XXXIII.

p. 353, 1. 15. — The following passage is taken from the scholarly "Speech of John Wingate Thornton, Esq. at the Fort Popham Celebration, August 29, 1862," p. 12: :

Thomas Fuller, 1608-1661, an attentive observer of American affairs, and the reputed author of "The Holy and Profane State," 1642, says in the article "Of Plantations," bk. III. ch. 16, p. 184, ed. London, 1841, "If the planters be such as leap thither from the gallows, can any hope for cream out of scum? when men send, as I may say, Christian savages to Heathen savages! It was rather bitterly than falsely spoken concerning one of our Western plantations, consisting most of dissolute people, that it was very like unto England, as being spit out of the very mouth of it.'" The same author,

in his life of Popham, "Worthies of England," 1662, ed. 1811, II.
284, says that "in the beginning of the reign of King James, his
[Popham's] Justice was exemplary on Theeves and Robbers. The
land then swarmed with people who had been Souldiers, who had
never gotten (or else quite forgotten) any other vocation. . . idle
mouthes which a former War did breed; too proud to begge, too lazy
to labor. These infected the highwayes with their Felonies."
Another biographer of Popham (Lloyd, 1635-1691, chaplain to
Barrow, Bishop of St. Asaph), "States Worthies," ed. 1766, II.
45-47, uses the language of Fuller, just quoted, and adds, "Neither
did he onely punish malefactors, but provide for them. . .
he first
set up the discovery of New England to maintain and employ those
that could not live honestly in the Old; being of opinion that banish-
ment thither would be as well a more lawful, as a more effectual
remedy against those extravagancies; the authors whereof judge it
more eligible to hang than to work; to end their days in a moment,
than to continue them in pains," and then, citing a passage of history
from Lord Bacon's Essay "Of Plantations," in the same connection
with Popham and his convict colony, Lloyd concludes therewith as
follows: "Only a great Judgment [Bacon] observed, it is a shameful
and an unblessed thing, to take the scum of people, and wicked and
condemned men, to be the people with whom to plant; and not onely
so, but it spoyleth the plantation, for they will live like rogues, and
not fall to work, and do mischief, and spend victuals, and be quickly
weary, and then certifie over to the country, to the disgrace of the
Commonwealth."

Strachey dedicates his "Historie" to Lord Bacon as ever approving himself a most notable fautour of the Virginian Plantation, being from the beginning (with others Lords and Earles) of the principals Counsell applyed to propogate and guide yt." The article "Of Plantations" first appears in the edition of the Essays of 1625. Even without the evidence of Lloyd that this passage had a special aim at the Popham Colony, the history fits so well in all its parts, as if made purposely for it, that none, familiar with the original but would admire the fidelity of the picture.

ESSAY XXXIV.

p. 366, 1. 2. "Impedimenta." There is a remarkable anticipation of Bacon's phrase in a valuable old dictionary, "Baret's Alvearie," 1580, p. 78:

Baggage is borrowed of the French, and signifieth all such stuffe as may hinder us in warre or travelling, being not worth the carriage Impedimenta. -SINGER.

p. 366, l. 11. "dole."

"Dole" and "deal," says Trench ("Glossary "), are one and the same word, and mean a part or portion. It has now always the subaudition of a scanty portion, as "to dole" is to deal scantily and reluctantly forth ("pittance" has acquired the same); but Sanderson's use of" dole" is instructive, as showing that distribution or

division" is all which once lay in the word.

There are certain common graces of illumination, and those indeed are given by dole, knowledge to one, to another tongues, to another healings; but it is nothing so with the special graces of sanctification. There is no distribution or division here; either all or none.

SAN

Hence, the distribution of alms at a funeral was called a "dole.”
Thus in Decker's "The Wonder of a Kingdom: "

Deal (quoth he) a dole

Which round (with good men's prayers) may guard my soul

Now at her setting forth. — DILKE's Old English Plays, III. 30.

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p. 367, last line. "broke by servants." The obsolete verb to broke, signifies to deal by an agent. Thus in Fanshawe's translation of the Lusiad :

But we do want a certain necessary

Woman to broke between them, Cupid said.

And in "All's Well That Ends Well," III. 5:—

And brokes with all that can in such a suit

Corrupt the tender honour of a maid.

ESSAY XXXV.

p. 377, 1. 8. — John Studley (1566) translated this passage at the end of the second act of "Medea," thus:

Time shall in fine out breake

When Ocean wave shall open every Realme,
The wandering World at will shall open lye;
And TYPHIS will some newe founde Land survay
Some travelers shall the Countreys farre escrye,
Beyonde small Thule, knowen furthest at this day.

SENECA. His Tenne Tragedies, Translated into Englysh,
p. 127, 1581.

p. 378, 1. 4.

66

One day when King Henry the Sixth (whose innocency gave him holiness) was washing his hands at a great feast, and cast his eye upon King Henry, then a young youth, he said; This is the lad that shall possess quietly that that we now strive for. - History of Henry VII. Works, VI. 245.

This incident is introduced in "The Third Part of King Henry
VI." IV. 6:

Come hither, England's hope. If secret powers, &c.

p. 379, 1. 23. “Plato's Timæus and his Atlanticus," i.e. his Critias, in which the feigned Atlantis is discoursed of. This seems to indicate that Bacon used the Latin translation of Plato by Cornarius, in which the Dialogue is entitled "Critias sive Atlanticus." SINGER.

ESSAY XXXVII.

p. 388. "Of Masques and Triumphs." "Triumph" is a name often transferred by the early English writers to any stately shows and pageantries whatever, not restricted, as now, to those which celebrate a victory. See this Essay, passim.- TRENCH. Glossary.

Our daughter,

In honor of whose birth these triumphs are,
Sits here like beauty's child.

Again in Essay XLV. p. 438:

Pericles, Prince of Tyre, II. 2.

You cannot have a perfect palace except you have two several sides, the one for feats and triumphs, the other for dwelling.

In triumphs of justs and tourneys and balls and masks (which they then called disguises) he was rather a princely and gentle spectator and seemed much delighted. — History of King Henry VII. Works VI. 244.

p. 388, 1. 5. "I understand it that the song be in quire, placed aloft and accompanied with some broken music." In Chappell's charming book," Popular Music of the Olden Time," I. 246, there is the following satisfactory note:

"Broken music" means what we now term "a string band." Shakespeare plays with the term twice: firstly in "Troilus and Cressida," III. 1, proving that the musicians then on the stage were

performing on stringed instruments; and secondly in "Henry V." V. 2, where the King says to the French Princess Katherine, “Come, your answer is broken music; for thy voice is music and thy English broken." The term originated probably from harps, lutes, and such other stringed instruments as were played without a bow, not having the capability to sustain a long note to its full duration of time.

But see WHITE's Shakespeare, IX. 152.

Shakespeare quibbles on the expression in "Troilus and Cressida," III 1:—

Fair prince, here is good broken music.

And again in "As You Like It," I. 2:

But is there any else longs to see this broken music in his sides.

p. 389, 1. 9. "ouches." The reading of Bacon's own edition (1625, p. 225) is Oes, i.e. round bright spots, used by Shakespeare of

Lys. - Lysander's love, that would not let him bide,

Fair Helena; who more engilds the night

Than all yon fiery O's and eyes of light.

A Midsummer Night's Dream, III. 2, Vol. II. p. 296, ed. Dyce, 1864.

p. 389, 1. 14. "antimasque." See Middleton's Works, ed. Dyce, vol. V. p. 146, note, and Nares' " Glossary."

ESSAY XXXVIII.

p. 392, l. 31. "nature will lie buried." also in ed. 1639.

"Lay" in the ed. 1625 and

I have not thought it right, says Mr. Spedding, to substitute lie, as has usually been done; because it may be that the form of the word was settled in Bacon's time; and the correction of obsolete forms tends to conceal the history of the language. — Works, VI. 470, note.

ESSAY XXXIX.

p. 397, 1. 11.- Henry IV. was stabbed by Ravaillac, 4 May, 1610. John Jaureguy attempted the life of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, 18 March, 1582. On 10 July, 1584, the Prince was shot by Balthazar Gérard, a fanatic. MOTLEY. Dutch Rep. II. 538, 608.

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