p. 398, 1. 3. "queching." Lat. vix ejulatu aut gemitu ullo emisso.

The Translator, says Mr. Wright, evidently understood "queching" in the sense of screeching, crying out, but Mr. Singer is of opinion it is the same as wincing or flinching.

p. 398, 1. 18. "late learners cannot so well take up the ply." Here we see the same sense as in the compound apply, — the bending or turning the mind to any matter. This word is again used as a substantive in the "Adv. of Learning":

In some other it is a lothness to leese labours passed, and a conceit that they can bring about occasions to their ply.—Works, III. 465.

66

66

In this passage Bacon uses the word as almost equal to purpose: can bring occasion to their ply," — i.e. can bend circumstances to their service," etc.

p. 398, 1. 26. "exaltation." Tyrwhitt's note on the Wife of Bath's prologue (Chaucer, C. T. 1. 6284) explains this word;

In the old astrology, a planet was said to be in its exaltation, when it was in that sign of the zodiac, in which it is supposed to exert its strongest influence. The opposite sign was called its dejection, as in that it was supposed to be weakest.-WRIGHT.

ESSAY XLI.

p. 416, 1. 10. "orange-tawny bonnets."

Vecellio, a Venetian, expressly informs us that the Jews differed in nothing, as far as regarded dress, from Venetians of the same professions, whether merchants, artisans, etc., with the exception of a yellow bonnet, which they were compelled to wear by order of the government.-KNIGHT'S Shakespeare, Comedies, vol. I. p. 398.

So also Sir Walter Scott's description of Isaac of York in "Ivanhoe," ch. V. :—

He wore a high square yellow cap of a peculiar fashion, assigned to his nation to distinguish them from Christians.

p. 417, 1. 29. "presently." Immediately.

Therefore the word of God, being set forth in Greek, becometh hereby like a candle set upon a candlestick, which giveth light to all that are in the house; or like a proclamation sounded forth in the market-place, which most men presently take knowledge of. -BIBLE 1611. The Translators to the Reader.

p. 418, 1. 1. "under foot," i.e. under the true value.

When men did let their land under foot, the tenants would fight for their landlords, so that way they had their retribution. — SElden. Table Talk, art. "Land."

p. 420, 1. 4. "permissive."

Keep your contracts, so far a divine goes, but how to make our contracts is left to ourselves; and as we agree upon the conveying of this house, or that land, so it must be. If you offer me a hundred pounds for my glove, I tell you what my glove is, a plain glove, pretend no virtue in it, the glove is my own, I profess not to sell gloves, and we agree for an hundred pounds, I do not know why I may not with a safe conscience take it. The want of that common obvious distinction of Jus præceptivum, and Jus permissivum, [The Law that enjoins, and the Law that suffers] does much trouble men. - SELDEN. Table Talk, art. " Contracts."

p. 425, 1. 4.

The true reading is: Memorabilior prima pars vitæ quam postrema fuit. Holland translates:

The former part of his life was more singular and memorable, as well for the conduct of martiall exploits in war as the governance of civill affaires in peace, than his latter daies.-Livy, p. 1018, ed. 1600.

ESSAY XLIII.

p. 433, 1. 12. "favour."

66

A man's favour is his aspect or appearance. The word is now lost to us in that sense; but we still use favoured with well, ill, and perhaps other qualifying terms, for featured or looking; as in Genesis, XLI. 4: The ill-favoured and lean-fleshed kine did eat up the seven well-favoured and fat kine." Favour seems to be used for face from the same confusion or natural transferrence of meaning between the expressions for the feeling in the mind and the outward indication of it in the look that has led to the word countenance, which commonly denotes the latter, being sometimes employed, by a process the reverse of what we have in the case of favour, in the sense at least of one modification of the former; as when we speak of any one giving something his countenance, or countenancing it. In this case, however, it ought to be observed that countenance has the meaning, not simply of favorable feeling or approbation, but of its expression or avowal.-CRAIK. English of Shakespeare, p. 93, ed. London, 1864.

p. 433, last line. "Apelles." Not Apelles, but Zeuxis (Cic. de Inv

II. 1. § 1.; Pliny, XXXV. 36, § 2) who, when painting a picture for the temple of Juno Lacinia at Croton, selected five of the most beautiful virgins of the country, that his painting might present the best features of each. The allusion to Albert Durer is to his treatise, De Symmetriâ partium humani corporis. Comp. Donne's "Satires," IV. 204-206, p. 144, ed. 1639:

And then by Durer's rules survey the state

Of each his limbe, and with strings the oddes tries

Of his necke to his legge, and waste to thighes.

p. 434, 1. 5. "a kind of felicity." Keats seems to have felt that this is true also with regard to his own art:

When I behold upon the night's starred face

Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,

And think that I may never live to trace

Their shadows, with the magic hand of chance.

Life, Letters, &c. of John Keats, II. 293, quoted by
Spedding, Works, VI. 479, note.

ESSAY XLIV.

p. 435.- Chamberlain in a letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, written Dec. 17, 1612, soon after the publication of the Essays, says,

Sir Francis Bacon hath set out new essays, where in a chapter of Deformity, the world takes notice that he paints out his little cousin to the life. Life and Times of James I. I. 214.

"His little cousin" was Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury.

With the subject of this Essay compare Sir Thomas Browne, "Religio Medici," § xvi:

I hold there is a general beauty in the works of God, and therefore no deformity in any kind of species or creature whatsoever. I cannot tell by what logick we call a toad, a bear, or an elephant, ugly; they being created in those outward shapes and figures which best express the actions of their inward forms; and having passed that general visitation of God, who saw that all he had made was good, that is conformable to his will, which abhors deformity, and is the rule of order and beauty. There is no deformity but in monstrosity; wherein, notwithstanding, there is a kind of beauty; nature so ingeniously contriving the irregular parts, as they become sometimes more remarkable than the principal fabrick. To speak yet more narrowly, there was never anything ugly or misshapen, but the chaos, wherein, notwithstanding, to speak strictly, there was no

deformity, because no form, nor was it yet impregnate by the voice of God.-Works, II. p. 23, ed. Pickering.

p. 435, 1. 8.- Comp. Fuller, "The Holy State," bk. III. ch. XV. p. 183, ed. 1841:

An emperor of Germany, coming by chance on a Sunday into a church, found there a most misshapen priest, penè portentum naturæ, insomuch as the emperor scorned and contemned him. But when he heard him read those words in the service, "For it is He that made us, and not we ourselves," the emperor checked his own proud thoughts, and made inquiry into the quality and condition of the man; and finding him, on examination, to be most learned and devout, he made him archbishop of Cologne, which place he did excellently discharge.

ESSAY XLV.

p. 437, 1. 14. "if you will consult with Momus." Esop, Fab. 275. Prometheus made a man, Zeus a bull, and Athene a house, and Momus was chosen judge. After finding fault with the bull for not having his horns below his eyes so that he could see where to strike, and with the man for not having a door in his breast (see "Adv. of Learning," II. 23, § II.), he said the house should have been built upon wheels, that it might be removed from ill neighbours.WRIGHT.

p. 440, 1. 8. "embowed windows," i.e. oriels. WALKER. Crit. Exam. &c. I. 52.

p. 488, 1. 1. "which lurcheth all provisions." "To lurch", is seldom used now except of a ship, which "lurches" when it makes something of a headlong dip in the sea; the fact by so doing it, partially at least, hides itself, and so "lurks," for "lurk " and "lurch" are identical, explains this employment of the word. But "to lurch," generally as an active verb, was of much more frequent use in early English; and soon superinduced on the sense of lying concealed that of lying in wait with the view of intercepting and seizing a prey. After a while this superadded notion of intercepting and seizing some booty quite thrust out that of lying concealed. - TRENCH's Glossary. This is the sense in which it is used by Lord Bacon in the text, and also in the following quotation:

It is not an auspicate beginning of a feast, nor agreeable to amity and good fellowship, to snatch or lurch one frem another, to have many hands in a dish at once, striving a vie who should be more nimble with his fingers.-HOLLAND. Plutarch's Morals, p. 679.

There is another ordinary, to which your London usurer, your stale bachelor, and your thrifty attorney do resort. The compliment between these is not much, their words few; every man's eye is upon the other man's trencher, to note whether his fellow lurch him, or no.-DECKER. Gull's Hornbook, p. 128, ed. Nott.

p. 438, 1. 22. "banquet." A dining hall. At present the entire

course of any solemn or splendid entertainment; but "banquet" used generally, but not always, to be restrained to the lighter and ornamental dessert or confection with wine, which followed the more substantial repast. - TRENCH. Glossary.

But now let us return again to the supper or rather a solemn banquet, where all these noble persons were highly feasted.-CAVENDISH. Life of Cardinal Wolsey, vol. I. p. 113, ed. Singer.

And after supper and banquet finished, the ladies and gentlewomen went to dancing.- Ibid. 114. p.

Then was the banqueting chamber in the tiltyard furnished for the entertainment of these strangers, to the which place they were conveyed by the noblest persons being then in the court, where they both supped and banqueted.—Ibid. p. 136.

I durst not venture to sit at supper with you: should I have received you then, comming as you did with armed men to banquet with me?-HOLLAND. Livy, p. 1066, ed. 1600.

We'ill dine in the great room; but let the music

And banquet be prepared here.

MASSINGER. The Unnatural Combat, III. 1, vol. I. p. 167, ed. Gifford.

See also, The City Madam, II. 1, vol. IV. p. 29, ed. Gifford.

p. 440, 1. 22. ❝dampishness." As to the force of the ish in this and similar words, see Walker's Crit. Exam. &c. III. 27.

ESSAY XLVI.

p. 442.-In the recently published Life of Archbishop Whately, (London, 1866) in a letter written by him to Mrs. Hill (vol. II. p. 338) January 3, 1857, is the following passage:

As for the Essay on Gardens, my reason for saying nothing was