Typology and Universals

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Cambridge University Press, 21 нояб. 2002 г. - Всего страниц: 341
William Croft presents a comprehensive introduction to the method and theory used in studying typology and universals. The second edition of this essential textbook has been thoroughly rewritten and updated to reflect advances in typology and universals in the past decade, including: new methodologies such as the semantic map model and questions of syntactic argumentation; discussion of current debates over deeper explanations for specific classes of universals; and comparison of the typological and generative approaches to language.

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Содержание

Introduction
1
12 Typology universals and generative grammar
4
13 Crosslinguistic comparison
6
14 The problem of crosslinguistic comparability
13
15 Language sampling for crosslinguistic research
19
16 Data sources
28
Typological classification
31
22 What is being classified?
42
Prototypes and the interaction of typological patterns
158
typological prototypes
162
63 Grammatical relations
165
64 Parts of speech
183
65 Other prototypes and markedness reversals
189
66 Conclusion
192
Syntactic argumentation and syntactic structure in typology
194
71 Typology and syntactic argumentation
195

23 Morphological typology
45
Implicational universals and competing motivations
49
32 Unrestricted and implicational universals
52
33 Competing motivations
59
34 Deeper explanations for word order and affix order universals
69
35 Typology universals and generative grammar revisited
80
36 Conclusion
86
Grammatical categories typological markedness economy and iconicity
87
42 Economy and iconicity
101
43 Frequency and deeper explanations for economy and iconicity
110
44 Typological asymmetries in word order and phonology
117
45 Conclusion
120
Grammatical hierarchies and the semantic map model
122
52 The animacy and definiteness hierarchies
128
the semantic map model
133
54 Conceptual spaces structural coding and behavioral potential
140
55 The grammatical relations hierarchies
142
56 Conclusion
155
typological markedness patterns in grammatical categories
156
72 Iconicity economy and syntactic structure
201
73 Typological conspiracies and communicative motivation
227
74 Conclusion
231
Diachronic typology
232
82 From states to processes
244
83 Grammaticalization
253
84 Inferring diachrony from synchrony
272
85 Conclusion
279
Typology as an approach to language
280
92 Thinking like a typologist
282
93 Description explanation and generalization
283
94 Typology the Saussurean dichotomies and the evolutionary model
286
List of references
291
Map of languages cited
313
Author index
324
Language index
329
Subject index
333
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William Croft is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Manchester. His books include Studies in Typology and Diachrony for Joseph H. Greenberg (edited with Keith Denning and Suzanne Kemmer, 1990), Typology and Universals (Cambridge, 1990), Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations: the Cognitive Organization of Information (1991), Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach (2000), and Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective (2001).

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