charity towards each other, if not of a more general confent and agreement about them.

That there is but one God, the Father; and that prayer is to be offered up to him alone, has been demonftrated in a former work *. The authorities there brought from holy fcripture, especially from the testimony and precepts of our Lord Jefus Chrift, have never been confuted; and, as appears to me, are wholly unanswerable.

I was apprehenfive, however, at the time, that the arguments alleged by me would lofe much of their weight with thofe who held Chritt to be the Logos or Word, fpoken of in the beginning of St. John's gofpel, and to be either God coequal with the Father, as is the common interpretation; or as others interpret, exifting with the Father in the beginning, and under him Creator of all things. This point, therefore, I referved to be treated of by itself at large, when a proper opportunity offered. For I obferved, John i. 1, 2, &c. to be appealed to by all parties as a leading decifive paffage concerning Christ. I found it had been perverted from the very firft by the Heathen converts to Chriftianity and primitive Fathers of the Church, who had grafted upon it the notion of a fecond God under the Supreme, which they had learned in Plato's fchool. By this they had darkened the plain doctrine of the New Testament concerning Christ, and made way for all thofe deviations from it which have followed, and fubfift to our own time.

The interpretation I have given has been efpoufed by eminent Chriflians in the first and in thefe latter ages. It is not drawn from fyftem or philofophy, but from a diligent ftudy and comparifon of holy fcripture with itfelf, and making it its own interpreter. And it has this peculiar recommendation, that it affords an eafy confiftent folution of many difficult and otherwife unaccountable declarations concerning Chrift; and alfo throws great light on St. John's gofpel, which is of fo fingular a caft and ftyle, abounding with many of our Lord's difcourfes with the Jews and with his difciples in private, omitted by the other Evangelis.

The Platonic fentiment of the early Fathers concerning Christ, which was that which was afterwards called Arian, was revived in the beginning of this century with great luftre by Mr. Whilton and Dr. Clarke, and gained many followers. We find it first drawn out and fhaped into a full fyftem, in † An Effay on the feveral Difpenjations of God to Mankind. But it has been very lately fet forth with uncommon learning and ability in the Apology of Benjamin Ben Mordecai to his Friends for embracing Christianity, Letter II. and III. whofe arguments it will be neceflary for me to confider in the course of this work.

When I had finished this inquiry into the introduction of St. John's gofpel, in which he has been fuppofed to affert that Chrifi,

*The Apology on refigning the Living of Catterick.

In the third volume of Mifcellanea Sacra by the late Lord Barrington, a Diffenter of great eminence and probity; father of the prefent Bishop Barrington.

as the Logos, was the Creator of all things, when in reality he there fpeaks not of Chrift, but of God, the one living and true God, the Father, I was led to confider the other paffages in the apoftolic writings, in which the creation of the world has also been fuppofed to be ascribed to Chrift, and to me they have appeared, all of them,、 either to be wrongly applied to him, or to speak of him only as the new moral Creator and Reformer of mankind.'

Our Author, having thus explained the plan of his fubfequent work, gives fome extracts from the publications of Mr. Elwall and Mr. Haynes relative to the Unitarian doctrine, the first as having suffered for it, the latter as having ably defended it by his writings. They are mentioned in this place, as their names were omitted in the Apology.

In the fecond chapter of the Sequel, Mr. Lindfey confiders thofe texts of the New Teftament, and the various arguments that have been founded upon them, by which prayer to Chrift has been defended. The following quotations from this chapter exprefs Mr. Lindley's perfuafion that the exaltation of Chrift, fo far as that doctrine is unfolded in fcripture, is not a proper warrant for this practice :-for his evidences we refer to the work itself.

It is maintained by fome, fays Mr. L. that the obligation of praying to Christ arifes from that great power and dominion over the affairs of mankind with which God has invefted him. Honour, reverence, and obedience, are, without all doubt, due to fo excellent a perfon as the Lord Jefus, in proportion to his eminent worth and authority over us. But thefe endowments do not conftitute a creature an object of worship, or imply that vaft power, knowledge, and omniprefence to the things of this world and the hearts of men, which will qualify to hear and answer their prayers, unless we have affurance from God that he has fo appointed and qualified him. We may not take upon us to limit the infinite Almighty Being in his communicating to his creatures; but this perhaps may be an high incommunicable privilege and perfection referved to himself alone. Chrift may exercife all the power delegated to him, without its being our duty to pray to him on account of it.' Sequel, p. 71.

The mid atorial worship of Chrift is attempted to be proved from many paffages of the New Teftament, by thole who do not hold him to be the Supreme God. They will allow that prayer, for the most part, ought to be addreffed to God; but that nevertheless it is right and fitting fometimes to pray to Chrift, although he be not the proper object of worship.

Thus, from that declaration, John xiv. 14. If ye shall afk any thing in my name I will do it; it is argued that Chrit here fignifies himtelf to be the donor, the diftributor of fuch things as are asked of God in his name, and therefore it is a due mark of refpect and acknowledgment of his authority fometimes to pray to him.

In answer to this, it is, 1. to be obferved, that it has been fhewed above, that the things which our Lord here encourages his difciples to ask in his name, with a promife of his own effecting

them

elegance, with which it was begun, and conducted through the two preceding volumes.

In a preface to the fourth volume of thefe antiquities, Mr. Grofe hath gratefully and circumftantially acknowledged the affiftance he hath received, in the courfe of this undertaking, from many ingenious perfons, in refpect both to the original drawings, and to the explanatory pages which accompany every engraving; and his obligations, we fee, are not inconfiderable: which ferves to evince the esteem in which both the Author and his work have been held, by the lovers of antiquity, and the patronizers of the polite arts in this country. The names of our Author's friends, indeed, cannot fail of reflecting credit on his own.

The number of caftles, churches, abbeys, monafteries, gentlemer feats, and other ancient buildings, of note, delineated and described in this work, is, indeed, fo great, that a bare lift of them would employ five or fix of our pages, and, confequently, take up more of our room than could conveniently be afforded for this Article. We have, already, given fome extracts, as fpecimens, of the defcriptive (the literary) parts of this performance,-to which we may refer, as above; adding, by way of conclufion, for the prefent, an abstract of the large and well-written account here given of Alnwick caftle, in Northumberland: of which four diftinct views are given, with explanatory notes, anecdotes, &c.

Alnwick caftle, one of the principal feats of the great family of Percy, Earls of Northumberland, is fituated on the fouth fide of the river Alne, on an elevation which gives great dignity to its appearance, and in ancient times rendered it a moft impregnable fortrefs. It is believed to have been founded in the time of the Romans, although no part of the original ftructure is now remaining. The zig-zag fret-work round the arch that leads into the inner court, is evidently of Saxon architecture; and yet this was, probably, not the most ancient entrance ;'-and for this fuggeftion, the ingenious Writer gives fufficient reasons.

This caftle appears to have been a place of great strength immediately after the Norman conqueft: for in the reign of William Rufus, it underwent a remarkable fiege from Malcolm III. King of Scotland, who loft his life before it, as did alfo Prince Edward, his eldest fon.'-Here our Author takes occafion, in a note, to refute the futile and erroneous story told by Boetius, and copied by other Scottish writers, with refpect to the origin of the Percy family, viz. that it defcended from a

The contribution of Dr. Percy.

foldier

foldier of the garrison (named Hammond) who undertook to relieve the caftle, during the above-mentioned fiege, by the following ftratagem: he rode forth, completely armed, with the keys tied to the end of his fpear, and prefented himself before the King's pavilion, as though he came to furrender the place; and Malcolm too haftily coming forth to receive the furrender, was fuddenly, and mortally, wounded in the eye. The affailant escaped by the fleetnefs of his horfe, and is faid to have received the name of Piercy, or Pierce-eye, from this exploit. But our Author fhews that this perfon could not have been the founder of the Percy family, because William de Percy, the ancestor of this family, had come over with the Conqueror, and had founded Whitby abbey, in Yorkshire, before the death of King Malcolm, as appears by the charter of foundation, which bears his name, and is printed in Dugdale's Monafticon. Indeed he received his name from his domain of Percy in Lower Normandy, near St. Lo.

Alnwick caftle is alfo famous for the misfortune that befel another King of Scotland, William III. who having befieged it, was taken prifoner, anno 1174; and was fent into Normandy, to King Henry II.

The caftle and barony of Alnwick came into the poffeffion of the Percy family, in the reign of Edward II. It was purchafed of the Bishop of Durham, by Lord Henry de Percy; and from that period, it has been tranfmitted, in lineal fucceffion, down to the prefent Duke and Duchefs of Northumberland.

From length of time, and the hocks it had fuftained in ancient wars, this caftle was become quite a ruin, when by the death of Algernon Duke of Somerset, it devolved, together with all the eftates of this great barony, to its present illuftrious poffeffors; who immediately, fays our Author, fet to repair the fame, and with the most confummate taste and judgment, reftored and embellished it, as much as poffible, in the true Gothic ftyle; fo that it may deservedly be confidered as one of the nobleft and most magnificent models of a great baronial castle.'

Alnwick castle contains about five acres within its walls, which are flanked with 16 towers and turrets, which now afford a complete fet of offices, fuitable to the magnitude and dignity of this great caftle.

Nothing can be more ftriking than the effect at firft entrance within the walls, from the town, when through a dark, gloomy gateway, of confiderable length and depth, the eye fuddenly emerges into one of the moft fplendid fcenes that can be imagined; and is presented at once with the great body of the REV. Sept. 1776.

P

inner

inner calle, furrounded with fair femicircular towers, finely fwelling to the eye, and gaily adorned with pinacles, figures, battlements, &c.

The impreffion is ftill further heightened by the fucceffive entrance into the second and third courts, through great mally towers, till the ftranger is landed in the inner court, in the very centre of this great citadel.

Here he enters to a most beautiful flair-cafe, of a very fingular yet pleafing form, expanding like a fan; the cornice of the cicling is enriched with a feries of 120 efcutcheons, ditplaying the principal quarterings and intermarriages of the Percy family. The space occupied by this ftair cafe is 46 feet long, 35 feet 4 inches wide, and 43 feet 2 inches high.

The first room that prefents to the left, is the faloon, which is a very beautiful apartment, defigned in the gaycft and moft elegant ftyle of Gothic architecture; being 42 feet 8 inches long, 37 feet 2 inches wide, and 19 feet 10 inches high.

To this fucceeds the drawing-room, confifting of one large oval, with a femi-circular projection, or bow-window. It is 46 feet 7 inches long, 35 feet 4 inches wide, and 22 feet high.

Hence the tranfition is very properly to the great diningroom; which was one of the first executed, and is of the purest Gothic, with niches, and other ornaments. This room is 53 feet 9 inches long, 20 feet 10 wide (exclufive of a circular recefs towards the upper end, which is 19 feet in diameter) and 26 feet 9 inches high.

From the dining-room the ftranger may either defcend into the court by a circular flair-cafe, or he is ufhered into a very beautiful Gothic apartment over the gateway, commonly used for a breakfast or fupper room. Hence he is conducted into the library, which is a very fine room, in the form of a parallelogram, and ornamented with ftucco work in a very rich Gothie tyle; being 64 feet long, wide, and 16 feet high.

The chapel fills all the upper fpace of the middle ward, Here the highest display of Gothic ornaments in the greatest beauty has been very properly exhibited; and the feveral parts of the chapel have been defigned after the most perfect models of Gothic excellence. The great eaft window is taken from one of the finest in York minfter; the cieling is borrowed from that of King's College, Cambridge; and the walls are painted after the great church in Milan: but the windows of painted glafs will be in a ftyle fuperior to any thing that has yet been attempted, and worthy of the prefent more improved state of the

arts.

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