very transparent, of a hexagon, octagon, and irregular figure. They are very folid, will cut as well as a diamond, and being now in great request, are much fearched for, on this, and other hills; they are cut for rings, feals, pendants, fnuff-boxes, &c. In the parishes of Kinnedar and Duffus, there are feveral caves; fome are ten or twelve feet high, and it is uncertain how far they extend; they open to the fea, in a hill of free flone, and probably were formed by the impetuous waves washing away the fand and gravel between the firata of stone.' The fourth part contains the Civil and Political Hiftory of Moray, and here the Author gives us an agreeable, and, we believe, impartial idea of the manners of the people ; 66 • What the manners and way of living of the ancient inhabitants were, we can know only by the fhort hints the Roman writers give us, of the ancient Caledonians, Scots. and Pics, which I shall not here tranfcribe. But what TACITUS, De Mor. Germ. writes, is true of this country in its ancient ftate; They do not dwell together in towns, but live feparate, as a fountain of water, a plain, or a grove pleafed them." SIDONIUS APOLLINARIUS, Epift. 20. in defcribing a Gothish gentleman, gives a lively picture of a Highland Scotfman. "He covers his feet to the ankle with hairy leather, or rullions, his knees and legs are bare, his garment is fhort, close, and parti-coloured, hardly reaching to his hams, his fword hangs down from his fhoulder, and his buckler covers his left fide." Nay, Dr. SHAW's account of the Arabs and Kabyles of Barbary is a plain defcription of the more rude parts both of the Lowlands and Highlands. They are, fays he, "the fame pepple, if we except their religion, they were 2000 years ago, without regarding the novelties in drefs or behaviour, that so often change; their gurbies, i. e. houses, are daubed over with mud, covered with turf, have but one chamber, and in a corner of it, are the foles, kids, and calves; the byke, i. e. blanket or plaid, fix yards long and two broad, ferves for drefs in the day, and for bed and covering in the night; by day, it is tucked by a girdle. Their milns for grinding corn, are two fmall grind ftones, the uppermost turned round by a small handle of wood, placed in the edge of it. When expedition is required, then two perfons fit at it, generally women. This explains Exod. ii. 5. Matth. xxiv. 41. One would imagine the Doctor had been defcribing the way of living in Glengary. It might be easily made appear, that the ancient Moravienfes, though bold and brave, were contentious, proud, turbulent and revengeful, and upon the fmallett provocation ran to arms, and butchered one another; and this wicked difpofition ran in the blood, from one generation to another. But now that fierce and wild temper is done away, and no country in the kingdom is more civilized than the Lowlands of Mọ. ray. Their education fince the Revolution verifies, That Ingenuas didiciffe feliciter artes, Emollit mores, nec finit effe feros. And even the Highlands, except Glengary, and fome other fkirts, are more peaceable and induftrious than other Highland countries. In a word, one will not find, in the common people of this coun try, either the ruflicity of the Lowlanders, or the rudeness of the Highlanders in fome other countries; and the gentry are not exceeded by any of their neighbours for politenefs and civility. In no country are the people more hofpitable; both the gentry and the peasants have a pleasure in entertaining ftrangers, in which they rather exceed than fall fhort; and this hofpitable temper is remarked in the Highlands, where there are but few inns to accommodate travellers, and where the natives, in looking after their cattle, often travel from one country to another.' Our Author has obferved, in one part of his hiftory, that the wild cats of the province are no other than house cats that run from home; and yet, in another, he reckons the fkins of those animals amongst the COMMODITIES of the country. From this it appears that, whatever praise may be due to Scotch hofpitality, the life of a Scotch cat is not very defirable, fince they leave their home in fuch numbers that their very skins become an article of trade. The Military Hiftory of Moray is the subject of the fifth part, fome fhort extracts from which will fhew the propriety of thofe reflections which occurred to us at the beginning of this article. • When the earl of Huntley was at the battle of Brechin in May 1452, Archibald Douglas Earl of Moray took an advantage of it, entered the lands of Strathbolgie, burnt the caftle of Huntley, and committed many outrages through that Lordship. The account of this ftopped Huntley from improving his victory, and made him return in order to preferve his own lands: Douglas returned into Moray, and Huntley followed him with a confiderable force, especially of cavalry; Douglas with fix hundred foot, but few horfes, ftood on the heights of Whitefield, not daring to face Huntley in the plains. This provoked the Gordons to plunder Douglas's lands, and finding that one half of the town of Elgin had joined Douglas, they burnt that half, which gave rife to the proverb, Half done, as Elgin was half burnt." But in the evening, as a troop or two of the Gordons were fpoiling the lands of Kirkhill in the parish of St. Andrews, a fuperior detachment of Douglas's men fuddenly attacked, and drove them over Loffie, and fome of them were killed in the bogs and fens, which occafioned this rhyme, What's come of thy men, thou Gordon so gay? They're in the bogs of Dunkintie mowing the bay, &c.'-A fhameful and bloody conflict, happened betwixt the Macintoshes and the Munroes, in the year 1454. The occafion was this: 'John Munroe, tutor of Fowles, in his return from Edinburgh, rested upon a meadow in Strathardale; and both he and his fervants falling afleep, the peevish owner of the meadow cut off the tails of his horfes. This he refented, as the Turks would refent the cutting off their borfes tails, which they reckon a grievous infult: he returned foon with three hundred and fifty men, fpoiled Strathardale, and drove away their cattle; in palling by the loch of Moy in Strathern he was -pbferved. M Mac Intosh, then refiding in the island of Moy, fent to afk a flike raide, or Stike Criech, i. e. a road collop; a custom among the Highlanders, that when a party drove any fpoil of cattle through a gentleman's land, they fhould give him part of the fpoil. Munroe offered what he thought reafonable, but not what was demanded; Mac Intosh, irritated by fome provoking words given to his meffenger, convocated a body of men, purfued the Munroes, and at Clachnaharie, near Inverness, they fought defperately; many were killed on each fide, among whom was the laird of Mac Intosh; John Munroe was wounded and lamed, and ever after called John Bacilach. The Munroes had great advantage of ground, by lurking among the rocks; whilft the Mac Intofhes were expofed to their arrows. How rude and barbarous was the fpirit of men in those days? And upon what trifling, nay fhameful provocations, did they butcher one another?' Of the ancient military cuftoms we have the following ac count: Anciently, every chief of a clan was, by his dependents, confidered as a little prince, not abfolute, but directed by the gentlemen of his clan. As the primores regni, and all who held of the king in capite, were his grand council or parliament; fo the gentlemen and heads of families, were to the chief, by whofe advice all things that regarded the clan in common, or particular families, were deter mined, differences were removed, injuries were punished, or redreffed, law-fuits prevented, declining families fupported, and peace or war with other clans agreed upon. • Young chiefs and heads of families were regarded, according to their military, or peaceable difpofitions. If they revenged a clanquarrel, by killing fome of the enemy, or carrying off their cattle, and laying their lands wafte, they were highly efteemed; and great hopes were conceived of them. But if they failed in fuch attempts, they were little refpected; yea, defpifed if they did not incline to them. Clans had their military officers, not arbitrarily, or occafionally chofen, but fixed and perpetual. The chief was colonel, or principal commander. The oldeft cadet was lieutenant colonel, and commanded the right wing. The youngest cadet commanded the rear. Every head of a diftinct family was captain of his own tribe. Every clan had an enfign, or ftandard-bearer, which office was at first conferred on fome one who had behaved gallantly, and ufually it became hereditary in his family, and was fupported by a gratuity, or a small annual falary. Every chief ufually had his bard, poet, or orator, whofe office it was (as among the Germans) in time of war to excite and animate them, by reciting the brave actions of the clan, and particularly of their ancestors and chiefs, as LUCAN writes, Vos quoque, qui fortes animas, belloque peremptas, Plurima fecuri fudiftis carmina Bardi. At marriages they recited the genealogy of the married couple, and fung an Epithalamium; and at burials they mournfully fung the elegy of the chief, or great man. • Their • Their military mufic was the Grat-pype. The office of pyper was often hereditary, and had a small falary annexed to it: and the pypers of feveral clans had a chief pyper who governed them; and fchools in which they were inftructed. The most of their time being employed in military exploits, or in hunting, every clan had a ftated place of rendezvous, where they met when called by their chief. The manner of convocating them on a certain emergent, was by the Fiery cross. 'The chief ordered two men to be difpatched, one to the upper and the other to the lower end of his lands, each carrying a pole or ftaff, with a cross-tree in the upper end of it, and that end burnt black, As they came to any village or houfe, they cried aloud the military cry of the clan, and all who heard it armed quickly, and repaired to the place of rendezvous. If the runner became fatigued, another muft take the pole.' The fixth part contains an ample account of the Scotch Ecclefiaftical Hiftory; but here we can only afford room for the following very extraordinary Threnodia on the departure of dear MOTHER HIGH CHURCH. 2 N. N. C. 5. C. 5. Sub hoc marmore conduntur Reliquiæ O facinus impium et incredibile! h Spuriis omnibus peffime calcata, trucidata, ludibrio habita: Votivum, et Phanaticorum furore! Quanam in terra hoc? Concionatores, Atheistice, contra veritatem, Milites audaciter, impudenter, Wilhelmo Neroniano Duce, Contra honorem, contra humanitatem Agunt, Pudet hæc opprobria nobis ! Nam propter exfecrationem, perjurium, luget hæc Terra! Agrotavit, proh dolor! Mater chariffima, beatæ memoriæ, Tum manibus, tum pedibus, væ mihi, clauda fiebat Tandem per multis flagellis, ærumnis, miferere mei Deus! exhaufta, m Obiit Anno MDCCXLVIII. Vos omnes Seniores, Filii Filiæque • Orate pro ea, ut quiefcat in pace, et tandem beatam obtineat Refurrectionem Amen. Cum temerata fides, pietafque inculta jaceret, Patrem ; Illa Deum, patriamque fuam, patriæque P Parentem, Tramite nam recto gradiens, Nova dogmata fpernens, Servavit Fines quos pofuere Patres. Sacred to the Memory of our Dearest Mother, the CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. Stop Traveller, Read and Lament, A Miracle of Iniquity. Under this Marble lye the Remains (Let her lye concealed, that the may not be too much expofed') Who was dead while alive, And alive while dead. By the mitred Clergy of the neighbouring Kingdom, By certain Sons treacherously deferted, Trampled on by all fpurious, maltreated, held in derifion And "likewife" by the Fury of the Fanatics. In what Land is this? In an Island, Where the Monarch acts against the Monarchy, By the Act of Security. By the A&t against Unqualified Meetings. a In Teftimony of the Doctrine of praying for the Dead. • King James VII, Reformation Doctrines. P The Popish Pretender. The Unfcriptural Popish Ufages. The |