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recognized as exceptional opportunity to demonstrate his power. He selected assistants and set them at work studying cotton-producing conditions from the soil to the sky and their influence on quantity, quality for various purposes, cultural methods, etc. He reviewed the subject as a whole and in divisions; studied each cotton state and finally produced two volumes illuminated with plates and maps, bristling with tables of analyses, statistics of production and, running through it all, edifying and inviting text. I need not try to characterize it as a whole except to say that the report as printed weighs over ten pounds-every ounce of which was made in California and is emblazoned with the insignia of the University of California, but it cost the state and the University not a cent. More than that, California was presented as a "cotton state" and her natural conditions were so thoroughly studied and so ably set forth that a part of that work entitled "The Physical Features of California" is cited and quoted to this day by those who desire to demonstrate fundamental things about the state. While his local patrons and employers were wondering how Hilgard could use $2500 for expense money, the United States gave him not less than $25,000 to spend in his cotton work-one wide-reaching result of which was that it made California famous.

Yes, the amateur detective was literally correct: "Hilgard was spending most of his time at home mending his harness." And what a powerful harness he made of it! It pulled him away from all doubt of the scientific quality and the industrial value of his work in the development of California. It made it easier to get appropriation for all kinds of research work: it made it easier for the University as a whole to get funds for its general purposes. Not that Hilgard nor the University was able to get as much as they needed to realize their beneficent purposes. Good research men and good institutions never did get as much as they need and probably they never will. Perhaps, if they should, they might cease to be good.

But this monumental cotton work, based upon the soil work which was one of its foundation walls, was nation-wide in its influences. It was accepted throughout the country as a demonstration that Hilgard could do the work which his California reports and other publications were urging upon the public mind. It was a force in engrafting original research upon the instructional work, established through the educational land-grant law of Morrill, by the enactment of the Hatch law for experiment stations in all states; and when those institutions were being developed in the latter '80's Hilgard and the research establishment which he had created in California were the accepted prototypes of men, means and methods.

Nor was he simply a national exemplar in his line. When he went abroad for a short year in 1892, after seventeen years of tireless and most productive work in California, he was received with unusual tokens of honor and esteem, and by many learned scientific bodies was prevailed upon to describe his ways of work and the notable differences, which he was first to formulate, of conditions in arid and humid climates in their scientific and economic aspects.

Hilgard resumed his work in the University in 1893— sooner than the regulations required because he could not longer restrain himself from his usual work. For more than a decade after his return he applied himself with his customary vigor, insight and success, upon undertakings which were growing by leaps and bounds because he had started and directed them aright. His last years of administration were his best years: his position of leadership was unquestioned; his physical strength seemed greater than during some of his earlier periods; the demands for instruction and the opportunities for research were multiplied. He labored like one who was realizing the results he had long desired and his heart was light as his time for greatest achievement had come. In the fullest warmth of popular appreciation and with the truest loyalty and devotion from the scores of associates whom he had chosen for particular

purposes, he did his best work for agriculture in the University by making the greatness of its future secure.

Thus, friends and admirers of Hilgard, have I tried to give you simply a few glances at the life which you honor and for which you are thankful. I have chosen to dwell upon remoter phases of his activity because only a few share with me the deep joy of having been with him then. I do not try to measure his achievements in science or technology, nor even to indicate them. It seems to me that we think first of the man, of the purpose that was in him and of the development of that purpose under his environment. Phases of that development which were precedent to your own periods of observation, therefore, have seemed most fitting to present. And yet I may say, confident of your approval, that the results of Hilgard's labors are in the warp of California's first half-century of intellectual and industrial life and upon such enduring work as he achieved will be spread the splendid fabric of the coming advancement and development of our state. He was quick to see his opportunities of public service, to recognize his duty therein and he was masterful and tireless in pursuit of it. He was bold in conquest of truth and fearless in his use of it for the interest of mankind-seizing gladly the smallest fact from research and pressing it to the humblest service but always perceiving and enforcing the relations of both the fact and the service to the broadest interests of his state and of his fellowmen. Thus all came to know him as richly wise, unswervingly true and deeply patriotic and humanistic-a man whose thinking was as clear and whose motives were as unselfish as his service of them was forceful and effective. His achievements were great and diverse and his honors therefore great and widely bestowed.

California has lost a citizen of great achievement and influence, whose monument will be the greatness of his work for California which can never be forgotten because it was so great, so everlastingly sound and true and so closely related to the happiness and prosperity of his fellow-citizens

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