firm bonds uniting students, faculty, and regents and brought about by the President's wise guidance; he proclaimed the flourishing condition of the University in scholarly work and numbers which has given it rank among the first institutions of learning in the world; and finally, in words coming from the fullness of his heart, he assured the President of the loyalty, affection, and admiration of the faculties. The members of the faculty seconded his every word by remaining standing throughout his address.

Well do I remember the President standing before us as he started to respond, his eyes moist, his voice trembling, his heart thrilled with the unexpected, but oh! so welcome, ovation following Dean Barrows' address. Welcome ovation, I say, for was this not the first time in a long fifteen years that a unanimous expression of appreciation of the faculties in meeting assembled had been given? To whom would it not have been welcome after so many years of uncertain toil? We knew without his assurance that it was the supreme moment of his life.

What was enacted in the intimate faculty circle less than two years past, we are today reaffirming in the wider family circle of the University, embracing regents, faculty, students, and alumni, yea indeed before the eyes of the state and the world.

But this occasion on which the cornerstone is being laid of the first building of a new group to rise above the ground as a token of the belief of the people of the State in their university, is also a welcome opportunity for the faculty to express its appreciation to the State of California for its generosity and to the alumni of the University through whose loyalty the initiative measure giving us these sadly-needed buildings was carried to success. This is also a welcome opportunity to do homage and to express our deepest gratitude to that first woman citizen of the State, Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst, through whose wise foresight the home of the University will be as perfect in design and as harmonious in artistic creation, as the truths

to be taught in it are honest in conviction and inspiring to higher ideals.

But why should just this first of the new group of permanent buildings given by the State be named Benjamin Ide Wheeler Hall?

The average length of service of former presidents of the University of California has been but three and one half years, and President Wheeler has told us that in coming here he saw no reasons why his should be a longer term. But today, in his seventeenth year of service, he is the dean of the forty-two state university presidents. While the faith of sister institutions and of other states in this University which was so well conceived by the founders and the people of the State was formerly shaken at times on account of frequent changes in administration, the long and successful service of President Wheeler has given the institution a stamp of permanence in the eyes of

The first building erected by the State on the permanent could produce. It is the permanence of high scholarship and of high ideals, the performance of high citizenship and of loyal service, of those who toil within the institution and of those who go forth from it.

The first building erected by the State on the permanent plan as a home for its students stands there below us to the northwest and with eminent fitness is named after our glorious state-California Hall. But now the faculties of the University rejoice over and concur in the happy decision of the Regents to name this new permanent building Benjamin Ide Wheeler Hall in honor of the man with whose coming the University entered upon an era of permanence in the service of American civilization.

And this permanence will endure as a monument to the man whom we honor today, long after this mass of steel and stone shall have crumbled into dust and disappeared from the face of the earth.

REMARKS PRECEDING AND FOLLOWING THE READING OF LIST OF ARTICLES PLACED UNDER CORNERSTONE

Within the recesses of the cornerstone of this building has been placed a box containing the following material:

Architect's Drawing of the completed building.

Photographs of the architect's drawings of the plan of Benjamin Ide Wheeler Hall.

Photograph of Benjamin Ide Wheeler, taken 1915.

Biography of President Benjamin Ide Wheeler.

Copy of the Daily Californian published by the students of the University of California, date of Wednesday, March 22, 1916, Vol. XVIII, No. 53, containing an account of the programme for Charter Day.

Copy of Berkeley Daily Gazette, for Tuesday, March 21, 1916. Copy of the Stanford Palo Alto News, of Friday, March 10, 1916, containing President Benjamin Ide Wheeler's address at the Founders' Day exercises of Leland Stanford Junior University, at Palo Alto, California.

Copy of the President's Annual Report for the academic year 1914-15.

Copy of the Directory of Officers and Students, issued February, 1916.

Register of the University of California for the academic year 1914-15, containing Circular of Information of August, 1915, Announcement of Courses for 1914-15, and other Announcements of the University.

Copy of Alexander the Great, by Benjamin Ide Wheeler, published in 1900.

Copy of Unterricht und Demokratie in Amerika, lectures by Benjamin Ide Wheeler, as Roosevelt Professor at the University of Berlin, 1909-10, published in 1910.

Reprints of various writings and speeches of Benjamin Ide Wheeler.

Remarks of Professor A. O. Leuschner, Dean of Graduate School, at Corner Stone Laying Ceremonies, Benjamin Ide Wheeler Hall, March 23, 1916.

When this stone descends into its resting place, this material will be sealed from human eyes forever. The Summer winds may come and the storms of Winter occur,

but I give you the hope that the contents of this box will never by by any act of nature, or otherwise, revealed to the eyes of the world until time shall be no more.

It is absolutely unnecessary for me to introduce to you the man in whose honor we are met today, and who will speak to you in his wonted way of his love not only for the University of California and all that it stands for, but his love for our great commonwealth, of which the University is an integral part.

REMARKS BY BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER

The typical activity of a university is teaching-but teaching inspired by fresh thinking.

The buildings of a university are of two sorts on the one hand library and laboratory, on the other the halls of instruction. The laboratories for the sciences and the library for the humanities yield the oxygen of the university life.

Back to back with the library and its seminaries representing discovery stands this new building representing teaching. Research and teaching-we must have them both and have them blended. Teaching without the quickening force of discovery will soon grow stale. Research, without telling its story to the quickening of others, and without embedding its lessons into the uses of human society, will grow selfish and die by the hand of its own zeal.

Here in this stately hall, for centuries to come, each generation will transmit to its successors the lessons of the past; here, by the contagion of sympathy, each generation will inspire its sons and daughters to nobler living; here by the mystery of inspiration, vision shall awaken vision and personality shall give its spiritual life-blood to the handing on of life, like as fire by the handing on of the racer's torch.

Go now to thy place, old stone. Take up thy long burden of the years.

LITERATURE AND HISTORY*

JOHN S. P. TATLOCK

We live in days of sedition, privy conspiracy and rebellion, of plague, pestilence and famine, of battle, murder and sudden death. The waves of the great world-earthquake spread and disturb the most deep-fixed of spiritual strata. Matters and values which we have always taken for granted now provoke searchings of heart. In particular we of the ancient society of Phi Beta Kappa, whose work and interest have lain largely in the invisible regions of thought and art, at times view them with new eyes. To talk of poetry when men are bleeding and empires are crashing seems at times like offering a plantain-leaf for a broken leg, like thinking of social precedences when the ship is sinking. But after the earthquake and the fire in the days of King Ahab came the still small voice; it is the so-called unpractical studies, the humanistic disciplines, that give men insight and enable them to understand; that give us faith and courage, for which we appeal to science in vain. We come back to our former associations with a new understanding, and feel a new value in them.

I

Of the various ways of studying literature the commonest may be called the appreciative. No doubt it is the primary method. Literature is a form of art, and before

* The Phi Beta Kappa Address delivered at the University of California, May 16, 1916.