Organizational EcologyHarvard University Press, 1989 - Всего страниц: 366 Michael T. Hannan and John Freeman examine the ecology of organizations by exploring the competition for resources and by trying to account for rates of entry and exit and for the diversity of organizational forms. They show that the destinies of organizations are determined more by impersonal forces than by the intervention of individuals. |
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Стр. 194
... likelihood ( ML ) and partial likelihood ( PL ) estimation . This section gives a brief overview of how these two kinds of estimation strategies are used with event - history data . Maximum Likelihood The likelihood function £ is ...
... likelihood ( ML ) and partial likelihood ( PL ) estimation . This section gives a brief overview of how these two kinds of estimation strategies are used with event - history data . Maximum Likelihood The likelihood function £ is ...
Стр. 196
Michael T. Hannan, John Freeman. as discussed earlier , by maximum likelihood . Letting f ( W ) and G ( W ) de- note the probability density function and the survivor function of the ran- dom variable W , the log - likelihood can be ...
Michael T. Hannan, John Freeman. as discussed earlier , by maximum likelihood . Letting f ( W ) and G ( W ) de- note the probability density function and the survivor function of the ran- dom variable W , the log - likelihood can be ...
Стр. 320
... likelihood ratio test rejects the hypothesis that the two parameters indexing the effects of grain are zero at the .01 level . So the data agree with this broad hypothesis . 10. Many respondents refused to divulge information about ...
... likelihood ratio test rejects the hypothesis that the two parameters indexing the effects of grain are zero at the .01 level . So the data agree with this broad hypothesis . 10. Many respondents refused to divulge information about ...
Содержание
Organizations and Social Structure | 3 |
Theoretical Background | 28 |
Boundaries of Forms and Populations | 45 |
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actors adaptation age dependence analysis analyzing boundaries Carroll carrying capacity chapter column competition covariates craft unions cross-effect defined density dependence develop disbanding rates discussed dynamics effects of density empirical entry rate environmental environments evolutionary example exit rate favor Figure fitness functions founding rate function gamma distribution gamma model generalists growth rates Hannan and Freeman hazard hazard function implies independent firms industrial unions inertia kinds of organizations legitimacy likelihood likelihood ratio test manufacturing merger ML estimates mortality rate national labor unions niche width non-monotonic observed orga organizational change organizational diversity organizational ecology organizational forms organizational populations parameters pattern period effects Poisson regression political population ecology populations of organizations production r-strategists restaurants scale parameter selection processes semiconductor firms significantly social Sociological specialists subpopulations subsidiary firms Table theory tional tions transition rates variability variations Weibull model workers zero