Book III

THE EARLIER ANGEVIN KINGS, SOMETIMES CALLED

CHAPTER

PLANTAGENETS.

I. HENRY II. (1154-1189),

Reorganisation of the Kingdom-The great Scutage-The

Becket Quarrel-Judicial Reforms-Conquest of Ireland-

Abortive Revolt of the Barons-Quarrels in the Royal

Family.

II. RICHARD I. (1189-1199),

Exploits and Imprisonment of Richard-In his absence the

Kingdom is governed by his Ministers-Constitutional and

Social Progress of the time-Richard's Death.

III. JOHN (1199-1216),

John's ill character leads to the loss of France, a quarrel with

the Church, and finally his iniquitous life and Government

cause a union of all classes to extort the Great Charter-A

French Prince invited to take the Throne.

The Regency of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke His place

taken by Hubert de Burgh-Henry takes the rule into his

own hands, governs badly, and allows himself to fall into the

hands of Favourites-Rise of a Baronial Party under Simon

de Montfort-The Barons' Wars.

PAGE

135

157

167

182

Book IV

THE LATER ANGEVIN KINGS, SOMETIMES CALLED

PLANTAGENETS.

1. EDWARD I. (1272-1307),

Age of Legislative Activity-Final Conquest of Wales-A

Scottish Dynastic difficulty leads to its Annexation-Com-

plete and Model Parliament-The Confirmation of the

Charters-Scottish Revolt.

Piers Gaveston-The Lords Ordainers-Gaveston's Death-

Bruce's Scottish successes-Bannockburn-The Despensers-

Lancaster's Defeat at Boroughbridge, and Death-General

combination against the Despensers, headed by the Queen

and Mortimer, leads to Edward's Dethronement.

228

CHAPTER

III. EDWARD III. (1327-1377),

Fall of Mortimer-Scottish Affairs bring on War with France,

which led to important Constitutional Developments-Battles

of Sluys and Crecy-Siege of Calais-The Black Death, and

its effects on the Manorial System-Battle of Poitiers and

Treaty of Bretigny-Spanish Expedition leads to a disastrous

renewal of the War-Growth of a strong feeling against the

Pope and the Clergy-John of Gaunt and Wyclif-The

Reforms of the Good Parliament.

IV. RICHARD II. (1377-1399),

The Minority-Peasant Revolt-The Lollards-Opposition

Nobles displace the King's Ministers-Richard's personal rule

-His revenge on the Nobles, and final fall.

Book V

THE LANCASTRIAN AND YORKIST KINGS.

PAGE

242

278

299

324

Rebellions in Richard's Favour-The Lollards-Owen Glen-

dower-The Risings of the Percies and of Scrope-Foreign

Affairs-Henry's Constitutional Government.

II. HENRY V. (1413-1422),

The French Wars-Agincourt-Siege of Rouen-Treaty of

Troyes.

III. HENRY VI. (1422-DETHRONED 1461-DIED 1471),

French Wars-Siege of Orleans-Loss of France-Growth of

Hostile Parties headed respectively by the Beauforts and the

Duke of York-Outbreak of Civil War-Dethronement of

Henry VI.

Battle of Towton and Suppression of the Lancastrians-

Edward's Marriage-Warwick intrigues for Power-Restora-

tion of Henry-Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury-Death of

Henry-Expedition to France-Power of Edward.

348

V. EDWARD V. (1483),

361

Richard of Gloucester becomes Protector, and eventually Edward

is dethroned.

VI. RICHARD III. (1483-1485), .

365

Murder of the Princes-Morton's Conspiracy-Benevolences

condemned-Conspiracy of Henry Tudor-Bosworth.

Policy of Henry VII.-Rebellion of Simnel and Perkin-Ireland

-Strengthening of the Crown-Foreign Affairs.

II. HENRY VIII. (1509-1547),

Foreign politics-Flodden-Wolsey's career-The Divorce ques-

tion leads to the fall of Wolsey and the separation from

Rome-Changes in the Church-Dissolution of the Monas-

teries-Resistance to these changes-Henry's domestic life-

Later foreign policy.

III. EDWARD VI. (1547-1553),

The Arrangements for the Minority-Somerset-Battle of

Pinkie, and Rebellions in Devonshire and Norfolk-Ascen-

dancy of John Dudley-The Reformation-Unpopularity of

the Government-Plot to alter the Succession.

The Accession-The Spanish Match-Gradual Repeal of the

Ecclesiastical Legislation passed since 1529-Persecution of

the Protestants- War with France and loss of Calais-

Unpopularity of the Government.

Elizabeth's Religious Settlement-Foreign Affairs-The Refor-

mation in Scotland-History of Mary Queen of Scots to her

Flight into England-The Civil Wars in France-The Revolt

of the Netherlands-Improvement in Elizabeth's position-

The Rivalry of the English and Spaniards in the South Seas

-Danger from Mary Queen of Scots-Her Execution-The

Spanish Armada-English Command of the Seas-Irish

Affairs-Essex's Career and Execution-The Monopolies.

PAGE

376

392

426

437

448

J. JAMES I. (1603-1625),

Book VII

THE STUARTS.

. 485

The Main and Bye Plots-The religious question-Parliament
-The Gunpowder Plot-The constitutional difficulties of
James-Death of Raleigh-The Thirty Years' War-Buck-
ingham--the Spanish Match.

CHAPTER

II. CHARLES I. (1625-1649),

Quarrels with his first Parliament-The Petition of Right-The

Rise of Laud and Wentworth-Imprisonment of Eliot—Arbi-

trary Rule-Wentworth in Ireland-Religious Difficulties

in Scotland-First Bishops' War-The Short Parliament-

Second Bishops' War.

The Composition of the Long Parliament-The Trial and Death

of Strafford-Reforming Measures-The Religious Question

and Division of Parties-Impeachment of the five Members-

Opening of the War-First Civil War-Imprisonment of the

King-Second Civil War-Trial and Death of Charles.

IV. THE COMMONWEALTH AND PROTECTORATE,

The Commonwealth-Wars in Scotland, Ireland, and with the

Dutch-Expulsion of the 'Rump'-Barebone's Parliament-

The Instrument of Government-The Petition and Advice-

Death of Cromwell-Events which led to the Restoration.

V. CHARLES II. (1660-1685),

The Acts of the Convention Parliaments-Clarendon's Ministry

-The First Dutch War-Fall of Clarendon-The Cabal-The

Treaties of Dover-Second Dutch War-Fall of the Cabal-

Danby's Ministry-Rise of the 'Country' Party-The Exclu-

sion Bill-Fall of the Whigs.

VI. JAMES II. (1685-1689),

Character of James-Monmouth's Rebellion-The Dispensing

Power-Hales' Case-The Ecclesiastical Commission-Attacks

upon the Universities-The Declaration of Indulgence-Ad-

verse Feeling in the Country-Birth of James' Son-Trial of

the Seven Bishops-Expedition of William of Orange-Flight

of James-The Interregnum-The Declaration of Right.

The Revolution in Scotland and Ireland-War with France-

Rise of Party Government-Financial Measures-Treaty of

Ryswick-The Partition Treaties-The Grand Alliance.

VIII. anne (1702-1714),

Character of Marlborough-The War of the Spanish Succession-

Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde, and Malplaquet-The Union

of England and Scotland-Ministerial Intrigues-Prosecution

of Sacheverell and Fall of the Whigs-The Treaty of Utrecht

-The Schism Act-Death of Anne,

PAGE

. 509

586

613

644

667

705

CHAPTER

Book VIII

THE HOUSE OF HANOVER.

1. GEORGE I. (1714-1727),

The Whig Ministers-Jacobite Rebellion of 1715-Foreign

Policy-Stanhope and Sunderland-The South Sea Bubble-

Walpole in Power-Wood's Halfpence.

II. GEORGE II. (1727-1760),

Walpole in Power-The Wesleyans-The Opposition-Spanish

War and Fall of Walpole-Carteret in Power-Foreign Affairs

-Henry Pelham-The '45-Rise of Pitt and Fox-Domestic

Affairs-The Seven Years' War-Triumphs of Pitt.

III. GEORGE III. (PART I., 1760-1789), .

Fall of Pitt-The Wilkes Case-Estrangement of the American

Colonies-The Middlesex Election-Junius' Letters-Loss of

the American Colonies-Parliamentary and Economical Re-

form-The Coalition-India-Ministry of the younger Pitt.

756

804

IV. GEORGE III. (PART II., 1789-1820). THE WARS OF THE FRENCH

REVOLUTION,

. 854

Causes and Progress of the French Revolution-Its effect on the

Relations of Great Britain and France-The War against the

French Republic-Irish Affairs-The Union, and Fall of Pitt

-The War against Napoleon-The Peace-Its effects on

England.

The Queen's Trial-Signs of Progress-Death of Castlereagh-

Policy of Canning and Huskisson-Affairs of Greece-Roman

Catholic Emancipation.

The Great Reform Bill-Period of Active Legislation-The Irish

Church-Slavery-The Poor Laws-The Municipal Reform-

Peel and Conservative Reaction-Lord Melbourne's Govern-

ment.

Canada-The Chartists-The Corn Law Agitation-The Afghan,

Scinde, and Sikh Wars-O'Connell-Repeal of the Corn

Laws-The Year of Revolutions-The Russian War-Indian

Mutiny-Parliamentary Reform-Foreign Affairs-Death of

Palmerston.

920

936

954