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PREFACE,
CONTENTS.
ix-xx
CHAPTER I.
GENERAL ACCOUNT OF COMTE'S PHILOSOPHY.
Comte's fundamental principles-Their bearing on his view of
history-Decay of theology and of the social system founded
on it-Metaphysic, its strength for destruction and weakness
for construction-It prepares the way for positive science, on
which the social system of the future must be based—Necessity
for a new religion based on science-Humanity the true object
of worship-The social system corresponding to the religion of
Humanity-Man's intellectual and moral powers evolved in
conflict with nature-The nature of the social organization
and the three forms of society, the Family, the State, and the
Church-The Priesthood of Humanity and its office, 1-55
CHAPTER II.
THE NEGATIVE SIDE OF COMTE'S PHILOSOPHY-HIS OPPOSITION
TO METAPHYSIC AND THEOLOGY.
Growth of a new view of the social organism opposed at once to
Individualism and Socialism-Comte and the German Idealists
-Meaning of his attack on Metaphysic—His real agreement
with modern metaphysicians-He adopts Locke's principles
as to knowledge, yet is opposed to the Individualism of Locke's
French disciples--He attacks Realism as a Nominalist and
Nominalism as a Realist, and is really guided by a higher
principle than either-His mistaken attitude towards the
Critical Philosophy-Relation of Philosophy to Science-It
makes men conscious of their guiding principles—Comte's un-
consciousness of the categories that guide his thought-Con-
sequent defects in his view of the development of Religion, of
Philosophy, and of Science-Mr. Spencer's criticism and
Littré's answer—. -Ambiguity in the opposition between the
universal and the particular,
56-111
CHAPTER III.
THE POSITIVE OR CONSTRUCTIVE SIDE OF COMTE'S PHILOSOPHY
-HIS SUBSTITUTES FOR METAPHYSIC AND THEOLOGY.
His recognition of the need of substitutes for Theology and Meta-
physic-His assertion that his philosophy is relative and subjec-
tive-Double meaning of the relativity of knowledge as involving
the assertion or the denial of real or absolute knowledge-
Collision of Comte's earlier and later views on this point-
Comte's subjective synthesis not subjective in the sense of Indi-
vidualism, nor yet in the sense that a conscious subject is im-
plied in all objects-His compromise between these opposite
theories-His doctrine that man sees the world in ordine ad
hominem but not in ordine ad universum-Impossibility
of separating nature from man and of criticising the whole
system to which man belongs-Defects of Comte's religion
according to his own idea of religion-Schisms in the school of
Comte, . 112-176
CHAPTER IV.
COMTE'S VIEW OF THE RELATION OF THE INTELLECT TO THE
HEART-ITS EFFECT ON HIS CONCEPTION OF HISTORY AND
OF THE SOCIAL IDEAL.
The necessity for unity in man's intellectual and moral life—
Nature of the conflict between the intelligence and the heart—
It is really a conflict of intelligence with itself—Criticism of
Comte's doctrine that the intelligence must be subjected to the
heart-Its effect upon his conception of history, especially of
the history of Christianity—The two elements in Christianity,
their conflict and reconciliation in its development-The nega-
tive tendencies of medieval Catholicism and the positive ten-
dencies of the modern era-Comte's imperfect conception of the
Reformation and the Revolution His restoration of the
mediaval ideal-His general position as a Philosopher.
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177-249