policy of the government | Columbia (British), discov-

towards America, 103.
Chaucer, the father of En-
glish poetry, 49.
Cheriton Down, Royalists
repulsed at, 80.
Chevy Chase, battle of, 50.
Chichester, origin of see, 4.
China, three wars in, 115,
116, 120, 121, 122; treaty
with, 122.
Cholera in London, 118, 120;
deaths from, 124.
Christianity introduced into
Britain in first century, 3.
Church and King mob at
Birmingham, 105.

Irish, proposals for its
disestablishment and dis-
endowment, 126.
Cintra, convention of, 107.
Circuits of the Judges in-
stituted, 51.
Cities and Boroughs, repre-
sentation of,established,62
Ciudad Rodrigo taken by
Wellington, 108.
Civil Government, its fun-
damental principle, “the
original contract between
king and people" estab-
lished, 93; chief provisions
of the revolutionary set-
tlement, ib.

list established, 91; re-
formed, 129.
-war, outbreak of the,
79: table of battles and
sieges during the, 81.
Clarence (Duke of, brother
of Edward IV.) drowned
in Malmsey wine, 58; his
son and daughter executed,

ib.

Clarendon, Constitutions of,

42, 140.

Claud us'sexpedition against
the Britons, 3.
Claverhouse's (Graham of)
victory and death at
Killiecrankie, 58.

Clive (Lord) founds the
British empire in India.
101; capture of Arcot and
victory of Plassey, 131.
Coal, increase in its con-
sumption. 133.
Coalition Ministry, 104.
Cobden (Mr.) negotiates a
commercial treaty with
France, 122.

Cobham (Lord), conspiracy
of. 55.

Colchester, surrender of, 81.
Colonial slavery, abolition
of, 128.
Colonization, beginning of
successful, 95: progress of,

131.

ery of gold in, 122; settle-
ment at, 131.
Columbus, assistance pro-
mised to him by Henry
VII., 65.
Commerce, increased impor-
tance of the middle classes
from, 92.

and navigation, 133.
Commercial panic of 1825,

110.

Common Pleas, court of, 51.

Prayer, Book of, adopt-
ed by Parliament, 68.
Commons(House of), growth
of its legislative power,
61; votes that the House
of Lords is useless. 81;
abolishes the office of king,
ib.; peculiarity in its con-
stitution. 92.
Commonwealth, the, 82.
Compurgation and compur-
gators, 29.
Concilium (Ordinarium) of
the Norman kings, 72.
Confederate States of Ameri-
ca, secession of, 122; Con-
federate envoys taken out
of the Trent, but given
back by the United States,
123; particulars of the
Civil War, ib, and 124.
Confirmation of the charters
by Edward I., 51, 140;
their provisions, 51.
Congress (American) meets
at Philadelphia, 103.

of Vienna, 109.
Conquests and maritime as-

cendency of England, 130.
Conscription, English army
levied by, 72.
Conservative Opposition, 128
Conservators (afterwards
Justices) of the Peace, 51.
Constantine the Great, son
of Helena, a native of
Britain. 3.

Constantinople, Latin em-
pire established by the
Crusaders at, 43; taken
by Mahomet II., 57.
Constantius (Emperor) dies
at York, 3.
Control, Board of, 104.
Conventicle Act, 84.
Convention, Parliament re-
stores royalty, 83; Con-
vention summoned by
Prince of Orange declares
throne vacant, and offers
him the sovereignty, 88;
Convention Parliament of
William and Mary, 95.
Convocation, decline of its
power. 99.
Cook's voyage to observe the

transit of Venus, 102;
Cook the hero of oceanic
discovery, 131.
Copenhagen, battle of, 106;
bombarded, 107.
Corn Law Repeal Bill car-
ried, 117, 118.
Cornwall (Richard, Earl of)

chosen successor to the
Emperor Frederick II., 45.
Cornwallis (Lord) surrenders
to Washington and Lafay
ette, 103.

Corporate bodies with ex-
clusive privileges erected,

72.

of, 20.

Duke (title of), its origin in | EDWARD (the Martyr)reign |
England, 49, 61.
Dunbar, battle of, 46; Crom-
well defeats Scots at, 82.
Duncan, King of Scotland,
defeated and slain by Mac-
beth, 25.
Dunes, battle of the. 83.
Dunkirk, sale of, 84; the
Duke of York's expedition

to, 105.
Dunstan, Archbishop, 17, 18.
Dutch fleet enters the
Thames, 84.

E.

Earl, title substituted for
Ealdorman, 12; not to be
confounded with Eorl, 25;
title ceases to be official, 61.
Earls of the third penny,

25.

12.

EDMUND I. (King) passes
the first law for the pun-
ishment of robbery with
death, ib.; assassinated by
Leolt, ib.

II. (Ironside) defeated
by Canute, 22; shares En-
gland with Canute, ib.
Education, Committee of
the Privy Council for, 114;
government grants for,
134; early labourers in the
cause of, ib.
EDWARD
(the Elder)
changes the title of King
of the West Saxons, to
that of King of the En-
glish, 14; receives the
homage of Constantine of
Scotland, and Llewellyn of
Wales, ib.

of

picture of the sufferings
of the English under it, ib.
ETHELWOLF (King) reign
of, 10.

Evans (General) defeats the
Carlists, 113.
Evesham, battle of, 45.
Exchequer Chamber (court
of) organised, 129.
Executions within Prisons,
Act for, 126.
Exhibition of the Industry
of all Nations in Hyde-
park, 119.

-

123.

International, opened,

Exodus, the Irish, 118.
Exports, two systems of
computing, 133.
Eyre, Justices in, 51, 62.
F.

Factories Act, 117.
Fair Maid of Kent, wife of
the Black Prince, 49.
Fairfax (Lord) defeated at
Atherton Moor, 80.
Falkirk, Charles Edward de-
feats Royal troops at, 100.
Fawkes (Guy), conspiracy
of, 76.

Fenians convicted of treason-
felony, 123; raid in Ca-
nada, 124; risings of, 125;
execution of, at Manches-
ter, ib.; outrage in Clerken-
well, ib.; attempt to as-
sassinate the Duke of
Edinburgh in Australia,
126.

Feudal System, its effect on
the Church, 36; traces of
it in England before the
Conquest, 38; introduced
with the consent of the
Great Council in 1085, ib.;
the system described, ib.;
its political and social bear-
ing, 38; burden on lands
by the feudal tenures
abolished, 84, 93, 140.
Feuds, Saxon modes of re-
conciling, 28.

Field of the Cloth of Gold, 66
Fifth Monarchy men, 84.
Fitzherbert's (Mrs.) private

marriage with the Prince
of Wales, 104.
Five Mile Act, 84.
Flagellants, sect of the, 45.
Flodden Field, battle of, 66.
Florence becomes the capital
of Italy, 124.
Fontainebleau or Paris,
Peace of, 139.
Fontenoy, defeat of Duke

of Cumberland at, roo.
Forest laws established, 34.
Forests, charter of, 51.

Fortescue (Chief Justice) on
the laws of England, 72.
Forty shilling freehold fran-
chise; when established,
62.

France, commercial treaty
with, 122.
Frank-pledge, 28.
Franklin. Benjamin, 102.

Sir John's expedition,
fate of, 120.
Frederick Prince of Wales,
son of George II., dies, 101.
Free Church established in
Scotland, 116.

Trade, great majority
in favour of, 119.
Freedom, elements of, in all
tribes of Teutonic origin,
28; era of, 128.
Freemen, classes of Anglo-
Saxon, 29.

French Revolution, assembly
of the Notables convened,
102; progress of the Re-
volution, 103, 104.
Frith-bohr or Frank-pledge,

Gaunt or Ghent, John of,
unpopularity of, 49; his
issue, 50, 57, 60.
General Warrants, their ille-

gality determined, 102,
GEORGE I. proclaimed by a
Council of Regency, 98.

II., defeats the French,
at Dettingen, 100.

III., Regency Bill on
occurrence of King's men-
tal disease, 102; alienation
of King and Prince of
Wales, 104; King's in-
sanity, 108; Prince be-
comes Regent, ib.

IV. married to Princess

Caroline of Brunswick,
106; Queen's trial, 110;
visits Ireland, ib.
George of Denmark's
(Prince) death, 91.

Great Britain and America,
108.

Gibraltar surrenders to Sir
G. Rooke, go; besieged by
the French and Spanish,
ib., splendid defence of,
by Elliot (Lord Heath-
field), 103.
Girondists, the, 103.
Gladstone (Mr.), extensive
financial alterations cre-
ated by his first budget,
119; Premier, 126.
Glencoe, massacre of, 89.
Glendower, (Owen), 54.
Glenshiels, defeat of Jacob-
ites at, 99.
Gloucester (Duke of), son of
Queen Anne. 91.

Statute of, 140.
Goderich Administration,

III.

Godwin Earl of Wessex, in-
crease of his power, 25;
his banishment and re-
turn, 26; his death, ib.
Gold discovered in Australia,

119.

Golden Bull, the, 48.
Gordon's (Lord G.), riot, 103
Gowries, their conspiracy to

assassinate James VI., 71.
Grafton Administration, 102.
Grand Alliance, 139.
Granville (Ralph de) em-
ployed by Henry II., to
digest the laws of Eng-
land, 42.
Greece, Prince George of
Denmark
accepts the
crown of, 123.
Gregorian calendar intro-
duced, 101.
Gregory the Great (Pope)
sends Augustine to con-
vert the English, 6.
Grenville (George), ministry
of, 102.

(Lord) and Fox Ad-
ministration, 107.
Gresham (Sir T.) founds the
Exchange, 73.
Greece, independence of,
proclaimed, 110.
Grey (Lady Jane), her des-
cent, 68;
proclaime 1
Queen. 69; executed with
her husband, Lord Guild-
ford Dudley, ib.
Grey's (Lord) Administra-

tion, 112.
Guelphs and Ghibelins, ori-
gin of the names, 37.
Guttenburg prints the first
edition of the Bible, 56.
Gwalior annexed, 117.
H.

25.

Hardy, Hcrne Tooke, and

Thelwall's trial for high
treason, 105.
Harley (Earl of Oxford), and
St. John (Lord Boling-
broke), rivalry of, 91.
HAROLD I.(Harefoot), reign
of, 24.

II. succeeds his father,
Godwin, in the earldom
of Wessex, 26; becomes
king, 27; marches north-
ward to oppose his brother,
Tostig, ib.; killed at the
battle of Hastings, ib.
Harry (the Great), the first

ship of war of the Eng-
lish navy, 65.
Hastings, battle of, on
October 14, 1066, 27; de-
tails of the battle, ib.;
edict of, requiring all ships
to strike their topsails to
the British flag, 44..

Warren, impeachment
of, 104.
Hauberk, derivation of the
word, 39.
Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 58.
Helena, mother of Cou-
stantine the Great, a na-
tive of Britain, 3.
HENRY I., reign of, 36.

II. (shortmantle) reign
of, 42.

III., reign of, 35.

IV. representative of
the House of Lancaster,
54; claim through Ed-
mund Crouchback, son of
Henry III., ib.
--V. gains the victory
of Agincourt, 55; treaty
by which he is to succeed
to the crown of France, ib.

HENRY VI.(red rose) crown-
ed at Paris. 56; his mad-
ness, ib.; defeat and depo-
sition, 57; believed to have
been put to death in the
Tower, 58.

VII., his claim to the
throne through a son (born
out of wedlock) of John
of Gaunt, by Catherine
Swineford, 60; unites the
houses of York and Lan-
caster by marrying Eliza
beth of York, 64; con-
stitutional changes in his
reign, 72.

VIII. marries Catherine
of Arragon, 66; seeks a
divorce from Catherine,ib.;
is declared by Parliament
Supreme Head of the En-
glish Church, ib.; victims
of his cruelty, 67; declared
by the Irish Parliament.
King, instead of Lord, of
Ireland, ib.; character of
his reign, 72.
Henry III. of France assas-
sinated by Clement, 71.

IV. of France assassin-
ated by Ravaillac, 76.
Heptarchy, or Octarchy, es-
tablished, 3.
Hereward takes refuge in
the Isle of Ely, 34; sub-
mits to the Conqueror, ib.
Herrings, battle of the, 56.
Hexham, battle of, 58.
Hides, England divided into,
274, 950; 22.
Hierarchy in England, the
Pope's creation of a new,

119.

High Commission, court of,
70; how constituted. 73.
High Treason, law of, 49,

52; additions to, 72, 95,

140.

Hlaford, or Lord, 29.
Homage described, 38.
Hong Kong ceded to Britain,
116.

Horncastle, victory of Crom-
well and Sir T. Fairfax at,
80.

Horne Tooke, Hardy, and
Thelwall acquitted, 105.
Hotspur, son of Duke of
Northumberland, killed in
battle with Henry IV., 54.
House of Commons estab-
lished, 45, 46, 51, 52; its
constitution, 62; its pri-
vileges the birthright of
the people. 92.
Howard of Effingham(Lord),
with Drake, Hawkins, and
Frobisher, defeat the
Spanish Armada, 71.

Ich Dien, origin of the
motto, 48.
Illumination of Anglo-Saxon
books, 29.
Impeachments, Parliament-
ary, 52.

Imports, comparative, before
and since Free Trade, 133.
Ina, King of Wessex, laws
of, 5.

Income tax imposed by
Pitt, 106.
Indemnity, act of, passed by
Charles II., 84; exclusions
from its benefit, ib.
India (East Indies), original
opening of the trade to,
73; origin of the East
India Company, ib.; the
company incorporated, 91;
the three presidencies, 95;
the trade thrown open,
113; under the double
government of the Com-
pany and the Board of
Control, 131; outbreak of
the mutiny, 121; narrative
of it, ib.; the transfer of
the government from the
Company to the Crown,
122, 131; rise of the Brit-
ish Empire in India, 130;
Governors General, 135-
Ingulphus, the monk of

Croyland, 26.
Inkermann, battle of, 120.
Intercommunication,growth

of, 133.
Interdict, England laid un-
der an, 44
Invasion of England. French
preparations for, 106.
Inventions for improve-
ments in manufactures,
133
Investiture of Bishops, dis-
putes on the right of, 36
Ionian Islands united to
Greece, 123.
Irel and conquered by Strong-

bow, 42; its six king toms,
ib.; placed under English
laws, 44; Euglish customs
substituted for Tanistry
and Gavelkind, 77; legisla-
tive independence granted
to, 104; the Young Ireland
party, 117; famine in i
Iron, increased production
of, 133.
Isabel (Queen of Edward II.)
her expedition against the
king, 47; guilty pass.on
for Mortimer, 48.
Italian war between Austria,
France, and Italy, 121; its
events, 122.

J.
Jacquorie in France, faction
of the, 49:
Jamaica ceded by Spain, 82;
negro insurrection in,
123
JAMES I., great grandson
of Margaret Tudor, 76;
assumes the title of King
of Great Britain, 76; mar-
ringe of his daughter,
Elizabeth, to the Elector
Palatine, 77; his favour-
ites. Carr and Villiers, ib.

II. (as Duke of York)
publicly professes Roman
Catholicism, 85; his ex-
clusion proposed, ib.; in-
dicted by Shaftesbury as
a Popish recusant, leaves
England,ib.; (as king) com-
mits seven bishops to the
Tower, 87; his flight, ib.;
lands at Kinsale, 88; ho'ds
a Parliament in Dublin,
ib.; death at St. Germain's,
87; his arbitrary measures,

93.

James, Prince, (afterwards
James I. of Scotland) cap-
tured by the English on
his voyage to France, 54;
released after 17 years'
captivity, 56; a poet, 57.
Janissaries, origin of the,
49; suppressed and mis-
sacred, III
Jausenists, the, 82.
Japan opened to the com-
merce of all nations, 121.
Jeffries (chief justice) hoids
the Bloody Assize," 86.
Jennings (Sarah, Duchess
of Marlborough), Queen
Anne's friendship for, 90.
Jerusalem taken and estab-
lished as a kingdom by
Godfrey de Bouillon, 35;
list of his successors, ib;
the city captured by Sala-
din, 42.

Jews admitted to Parlia-
ment, 122.

Joan of Arc relieves Orleans,

56; her heroism, ib; ex-
ecution on the charge of
witchcraft, ib.
JOHN (King), origin of his

suruame, Sans-terre, 44:
orders the assassination of
his nephew, Prince Arthur,
heir to the crown, ib.;
summoned as a vas-al of
France to answer for the
murder, 44; on his non-
forfeits
appearance
his
French fiefs, ib.; loses the
greater part of Normandy,
ib.; excommunication and
submission, ib.; league of
the Barons, ib; signs
Magna Charta, ib.; the
Barons offor the crown to
the Dauphin, ib.
John, King of France, his ran-
som fixed at 3 millions of
gold crowns, 49; returns
to England and dies at the
Savoy, ib.
Johnson's (Reverdy) conven-
tion with Lord Stanley not
confirmed by the Senate
of the United States, 126.
Jubilee to celebrate the 50th
year of George III.'s reign,
108.

Judges, independence of, 129;
increased in number, ib.
Junius's Letters, 102, 123.
Jurors originally witnesses
not judges, 51.
Jury, trial by, its principle
recognised in the Feudal
system. 38; in criminal
cases, substituted for the
wager of batle, 51; inte-
pendence of jurors estab-
lished, 93.

K.

Kent (kingdom of), founded
by the Jutes under Hen-
gist, 4; its kings euume-
rate 1, ib.

Kett's revolt in Norfolk, 68.
Khyber Pass, massacre in

the. 115. 117.
Killiecrankie, battle of, 88.
King de facto, assisting a, 72.
Kings of England before the
Conquest from Egbert to
Hard II., 8.

since the Conquest,
table of, 32.
Knights of the Shire repre-
sentatives of all the land-
holders in the county, 52;
originally military tenauts
under the crown, 62.

L.
Labuan added to the British

empire, 117.

Lady (the), a title substi-

tuted for that of Queon, 10.
Lanfranc Archbishop of Can-
terbury. 35.

Langton Archbishop of Can-
terbury, England indebted
to him for Magna Charta,

44.
Lausdown, defent of Sir Wil-
liam Waller at, 80.
Lateral extension of the
suffrage, 122.
Latin extensively used in

Norman times. 39.
Laud (Archbishop) executed,
80.

League (Catholic) in France,

organised by Henry of
Guise, 71.
Legal procedure, improve-
ments in, 129.
Legion(British)leaves Spain,

115.

Leo X. (John de Medici). 66.
Leopold accepts the crown
of Belgium, 113.
Levellers (the) conspire a-
gainst Cromwell, 83.
Levelling up, policy of, 126.
Lowes, battle of, 45; Mise
of, ib.
Lexington, battle of, 103.
Liberty of speech and of the

press, 129.
Limerick, treaty and surren-
der of, 89.

Lincoln ('resident) assas-
sinated, 124.

Lisbon, earthquake at, ror.
Literature (cheap), chief pro-
moters of, 134.
Liverpool's (Lord) Adminis-

tration 108; ends, having
lasted 15 years, 110.
Lodbrok (Ragnar), death
song of, 12.
Lollards, severe measures
against them, 54. 55; fear
respecting their intention
to deprive the lords spi-
ritual and temporal of
their lands, 55
London, great fire of, 84;

increase of population, 130;
relative greatness less than
at the Revolution, ib.

Londonderry relieved by the
troops of William III.,
88.

Lord Mayor, the City of

London acquires the right
of electing the, 44.
Lords (be), limited power
of 128.

Louis XIV. dies after reign-
ing 72 years, 93.

|

Marlborough's (Duke of)
victories, 90
Marquis, origin of title, 61.
Marriage Act (Royal) and
its causes, 103.
-new, 113.

Marian persecution. 69;
execution of Archbishop
Cranmer, Bishops Ridley,
Latimer, Hooper, and
Farrer, with 200 others, ib.
Marston Moor, battle of. 80.
MARY I., Queen, 69; marries
the Archduke Philip,
afterwards Philip II. of
Spain, ib.; her observation
to the chief justice in
favour of the liberty of
the subject, 72.
-II. (Queen with William
III.), her death, 89.
Mary, Queen of Scots, be-
trothed to the dauphin, af-
terwards Francis II., 68;
married to him, 69; mar-
riage with Lord Darnley,
70; with Bothwell, ib.;
deposed, and seeks refuge
in England, ib; taken
prisoner on landing in
Cumberland, ib; insurrec-
tions of Lords North-
umberland, Westmore-
land, and Dacre, for her
liberation, ib.; plot and
execution of Throgmorton,
71; of Babington and
others. ib.; her trial and
execution, 71.

Masham (Mrs.), fivourite of
Queen Anne, 91.
Matilda, wife of Stephen,
her virtues,
Maude (wife of Henry I.)
36; her learning, ib.
Maude, the Empress, daugh-
ter of Henry I. 36; crown-
ed, 37; forced to leave the
kingdom, ib.; agreement
with Stephen that her
son Henry should succoed

him, ib.

Maximilian, Emperor of
Mexico, 123; shot, 126
Maynooth College, endow-
ment of, 117.
Meai Tub plot, 85.
Mehemet Ali, viceroy of
Eypt, 114.
Melbourne ministry, 113, 114.
Merchant adventurers es-
tablished, 46; company
of, 73.
Mercia (kingdom of) found-
ed, 7; list of its kings, ib.
Merciless Parliament, 50.
Mêsne Lords, 38.
Methuen, treaty of com-
merce, go.

Mississippi scheme origin-
ated by Law, 98.
Monasteries during the

Octarchy the means of
diffusing civilisation, 11;
the preservation of the
literature of antiquity
due to them, ib.; suppres-
sion of, 67.
Money, present value of the,
forty shilling freehold
franchise, when first esta-
blished, 62.

Monk (General) enters Lon-
don, 83; created Duke of
Albemarle, 84.
Monmouth (Duke of) plans
an insurrection, 85; lands
at Lyme, 86; defeated
at Sedgemoor, ib.; exe-
cuted, ib.
Monopolies granted, 72.
Montfort (Simon de) killed
at the battle of Evesham,
45; the parliament sum-
moned by him in 1265, con-
sisting of citizens and
burgesses, as well as
knights, ib.

Montrose, Royalist victories
in Scotland under, 81;
defeated at Philiphaugh
by the Covenanters, ib.,
138; executed, 82.
Mooltan taken, 118.
Moorish power in Spain, its
fall, 64

Moors, their final expulsion
from Spain, 76.
More (Sir Thomas) executed,
67.
Morrice imprisoned for a
motion in Parliament dis-
pleasing to Elizabeth, 73-
Mortimer's Cross, battle of,
57; 58.

Mortmain, statute of, 51;

N.
Nantes, (Edict of) secures
religious liberty in France,
71; Revocation of it. 86.
Nantwich taken by Sir T.
Fairfax, 80.
Napier (Admiral), defeats
fleet of Don Miguel, 113.

(Sir Charles) conquers
Scinde, 117.

- (Lord) defeats the Abys-
sinians, 126.
Napoleon proclaimed Em-
peror of the French, 104;
defeats the Austrians at
Austerlitz, ib.; the Prus-
sians at Jena, 105; en-
ters Moscow, 106; ab-
dicates at Fontainebleau,
109; retires to Elba, ib.;
lands at Cannes and
enters Paris, ib.; the
Hundred Days, ib.; after
Waterloo gives himself up
to Captain Maitland of the
"Bellerophon," 106; Bri-
tish wars with, 107; death
at St. Helena, 110.
Naseby, battle of, 81.
National debt, commence-
ment of the, 88, 95; its ori-
ginal nucleus, 132;
its
subsequent history, ib.
Navarino, battle of, 111.
Nelson's victories, 106.
New Forest,

26 villages

cleared to form it. 34.
New York (then New Am-
sterdam) ceded by the
Dutch to England, 84.
Newburn, the Scots defeat
the royal troops at, 79.
Newbury, first and second
battles of, 80.
Newcastle surrenders to the
Royalists, 80.
Newport, treaty of, 81.
Newspaper press, 134.

stamp abolished, 121.
Ney (Marshal) shot, 107.,
Nicholas (the Czar) dies,

Normandy and Blois, genea-
logical table of the lines
of, 40.
Normans, dress and armour
of,

North's (Lord) Ministry, 102,
103.
Northampton, battle of, 57.
Northumbria divided into
the kingdoms of Bernicia
and Deira, 6.
Nova Scotia (Acadia) cap-
tured, 91; colonised, 95.

O.

Oates's (Titus), seli-contra-
dictory evidence of the
plot to assassinate Charles
II., 85.
O'Brien's (Smith) rebellion,
118; sentenced for high
treason, ib.
O'Connell (Daniel), elected
for Clare, 111; conviction
of, 116.
Octarchy or heptarchy es-
tablished, 3-
Orange(Prince of, afterwards
William III.)marries Mary,
daughter of James II., 85;
invited to come to Englaud
to redress the grievances
of the nation, 87; lands at
Torbay, ib.

Ordeal, trial by, 28; abolish-
ed, 51.

Oregon boundary, treaty

to

with America on the, 117.
Orkney and Shetland Isles
ceded by Denmark
Scotland, 57.
Orleans (Duke of), his re-

gency during the minority
of Louis XV., 98.
Orsini's attempt to assas-
sinate French emperor,121.
Orthez, battle of, 109.
Otho, King of Greece, 113.
Oudenarde, victory of, 91.
Overbury, murder of, 77.
P.
Paine's (Thomas) societies to
advocate the Rights of
Man, 105.

Pale, the Irish, 67.
Palmerston (Lord) dismissed
for recognising the coup
d'état without consulting
the Premier or the Queen,
119; his Ministry, 120, 121;
defeat of his motion to
make conspiring in Eng-
land against a foreign
sovereign a felony, 121;
Premier the second time,
122; improvements
pubic prosperity during
his last five years, 123.

in

Pampeluna, capitulation of,

108, 109.

Pandects discovered at A-
malfi, 37.
Paper duty, the Lords' oppo-
sition to its repeal, and
the resolution of the Com-
mons, forming an epoch in
Constitutional history,122.
Papal government sup-
pressed, 104.

Paris, first, second, and
third Peace of, 102, 139;
capitulation of. 109,
Parliament, citizens and
burgesses first summoned
to, 45; deputies from the
boroughs summoned by
Edward I., 46; Parliament
modelled into its present
form, ib.; enactment that
a parliament should be
held at least once in every
year, 52; constitution
of Parliament, 62; pecu-
niary qualification of
members, ib.; Parliament
Houses burnt, 113

the Long, 79.
Parliamentary army capitu-
lates under Essex. 80; ta-
ble giving particulars of
principal battles of the
Parliamentary war, 138.
Parr (Catherine), Queen of
Henry VIII., 68; her mar-
riage after the king's
death, ib.
Partition treaty (first and
second) between William
III. and Louis XIV., 90.
Pauperism in the United
Kingdom, 134.

Paul (the Emperor) assas-
sinated, 104.
Pax regis, 28.
Payment of borough mem-
bers, 62.

Peabody's (Mr.) donations,
134.

Pecquigny, treaty of, 139.
Peel (Sir Robert) Prime
Minister, 113, 115; his
death, 119.
Peerage originally terri-

torial, 61; weakened by

the wars of the Roses, 64.
Peers for life, the crown
not entitled to create,

Scots on Nisbet Moor, and
at Homildon Hill, 54.
Perceval (Spencer), Prime
Minister, 107; assassin-
ated, 108.
Persecution of Christians in
Britain under Diocletian
and Maximian, 3.
Persia, war declared against,

121.

Peter the Great visits En-
gland, 88.

Hermit's preaching
leads to the Crusades, 43.
Petition of Right passed by
Parliament, 78; parti-
culars of it, ib.; the
second great charter of
English freedom, 92; can-
celled by Charles I. after
giving his full assent to it,

ib.
Petitioning, right of, 93.
Picts, irruptions of the, 3;
subdued by Kenneth II.,

IO.

Pilgrim Fathers settle in
New England, 95.
Pinkie, Scots defeated at, 68.
Pitt (the elder, Earl of
Chatham), 101; his gigan-
tic schemes for the aggran-
disement of England, 128.

(the younger, second
son of the Earl of Chatham)
Minister for 17 years, 104.
Plague, the great, 84.
Plantagenet kings, 41; re-
marks on the line of, 51;
genealogical table of the
House of, 53.
Plassey, Clive's victory at,
the beginning of the Brit-
ish Empire in India, 131.
Poictiers, battle of, 49.
Poland, first partition of,
102; second, 103; incor-
porated with Russia, 113;
merged in the Russian
empire, 123.

Pole (Cardinal de la), 69.
Police Act of Sir Robert
Peel, 111.

Pondicherry taken from the
French, 102.

Poor law established in the
reign of Elizabeth, 71; the
acts 39th and 42nd of
Elizabeth, 73; Poor Law
amendment act, 113.
Popes since the accession of
George I., 135.

Popish plot, pretended re-

velations respecting a, 85.
Population of Anglo-Saxon
England, 29; of England
and Wales at the end of
Elizabeth's reign. 73; of
England at the Revolution,

95; of England and Wales,
129; of England, Wales,
Scotland, and Ireland, ta-
ble of, 130.
Porteous (Captain) murdered
in Edinburgh, 100.
Portland's (Duke of) Minis-
try, 107.
Post Office, established, 95;
its growth, 133.
Postage (penny) established,

114.

Poyning's (Sir Edward) act
establishes the English
laws in Ireland, 64.
Præmunire, statute of, 50,

140.

Pragmatic sanction, the, 100.
Premier the organ of the
majority of the House of
Commons, 128.
Prerogative (Royal) its in-
crease under the Tudors,
72; struggle between it
and liberty, 92.
Presbyterian form of worship
established by Parliament,

81.

Presbyterians and Indepen-
dents, hostility between,

81.

Presidents of the United

States since the accession
of George I., 135.
Preston, the Scots defeated
at, 81.

Pans, Charles Edward
victorious at, 100.
Pretender (James Francis,
the Old), 87; recognised
by Louis XIV. as James
III., 89; arrives on the
coast of Scotland, 91; pro-
claimed by the Earl of
Mar at Braemar, 98; his
adherents defeated at
Preston, ib.; lands at
Peterhead, ib.

(the Young), see Charles
Edward.

Pride (Colonel) excludes the
Presbyterian Members of
the House, 81.
Priests (126 Roman Catholic)
executed under Elizabeth,

qualification for Mem-
bers of Parliament re-
pealed, 95.
Protestant religion estab
lished by Parliament, 68;
abolished by Parliament,
69; restored,
Protestation of the Com-

mons torn out of the jour-
nals by James I., 92.
Provisors (Statute of), 48.
Provisions of Oxford, 45.
Prussia, the Elector of Bran-
denburg assumes the title
of King of, 89; Prussia
concludes a treaty with
Italy and makes war on
Austria, 124; details of
the war, ib. and 125.
Publication, abolition of re-
straints on free, 129.
Punjab (the), annexed, 118.
Puritans, measures against
the, 71.
Purveyance, system of, 49.
Pyrenees, battles of, 108, 109.

Q.

Quadruple Alliance, 99, 139.
Quakers relieved from oaths,

114.

Qualification (Property) for

members of Parliament
abolished, 122.
Qualifications of electors and
members of Parliament,
62.

Quebec captured by General
Wolfe, 101.

Queen Anne's Bounty insti-
tuted, go.
Queen's Colleges established
in Ireland, 117.
Quia Emptores, statute of,

51. 140.

Quiberon Bay, Admiral

Hawke defeats the French
at, 1or; disastrous expe-
dition to Quiberon, 105.

R.

Radicalism, origin of, 128.
Railways, progress of, 133;

capital embarked in, ib.;
average profit 8:37 per
cent., ib.

Raleigh (Sir Walter), exe-
cuted after an imprison-
ment of 13 years, 77.
Ramilies, victory of, 90.

Rangoon taken, 110.
Rebecca riots in Wales, 116.
Rebellion in Ireland, 106.
Reeve or Gereeve, 28.
Reform Act of 1832, 128;
agitation previous to its
passing, 113; receives the
royal assent, 112; its chief
provisions, 113 reform
riot in Hyde Park, 124;
Reform Acts of 1867-68,
124; particulars of their
enactments, ib.; Reform
Acts, 140.
Reformation in Scotland es-
tablished by Knox. 70.
Regent, right of Parliament
to appoint the, vindicated
by Pitt, 104.
Regicides executed, 84.
Registration of births,
deaths, and marriages,
Act for, 113.
Reichstadt (Duke of), his
death, 113.
Reign of Terror, 103.
Repeal of the Union, agita-
tion for, 115; monster
meetings for, 116.
Reporting debates in Par-
liament, 129.
Representation (Remedial)
in Saxon times, 62; re-
presentation of the people
in Norman times, ib.; not
an original principle of
parliamentary

constitu-

tion, ib.; Representation
of the People Act, 125;
table of the comparative
state of representation at
the elections of 1831, 1865
and 1868, 125.
Restoration (the), its cor-

ruption and denial of
justice, 93.
Revenue, expenditure and
taxation, 132.
Revival of Letters, effects

produced on society, 92.
RICHARD I. (Cœur de Lion),
43; joins the third Crusade,
ib.; takes Acre, ib.; terms
made with Saladin, ib.

II. quells the insurrec-
tion of Wat Tyler and Jack
Straw, 50 deposed and
murdered, ib.

III. (as Duke of Glou-
cester), marries Anne,
daughter of the great Earl
of Warwick, 60; usurps the
crown, 59; causes his ne-
phews, Edward V. and the
Duke of York, to be mur-
dered in the Tower, 60.
Richelieu, Cardinal, 77.
Right, Petition of, 140.
Rights, Bill of, 88, 140.

Riot Act passed, 98.
Ripon, treaty of, 79.
Rizzio, plot for the murder
of, 70.

Robert of Normandy im-
prisoned for 28 years, 56.

III., the first prince of
the House of Stuart, 54.
Robespierre overthrown and
executed, 103.
Robin Hood, 43.
Rochelle, Buckingham's un-
successful attempts to re-
lieve, 78.
Rockingham's (Lord) Ad-
ministration, 102; second
ministry, 104.
Rodney's (Lord) naval vic-
tory in West Indies, 103.
Rome, early Saxon inter-
course with, 10; triumvi-
rate at, 118; French ex-
pedition to, ib.; Papal go-
vernment reestablished,ib.
Roman Catholic Emancipa-
tion act, III.
-Empire(Holy) abolished,

104.

States, diplomatic re-
lations established with
the, 118.
Romans in Britain, 2; Em-
perors who visited Britain,
ib.; five provinces in Brit-
ain, 3; Roman wall from
the Tyne to the Solway,
3; from the Forth to the
Clyde. ib.; Romans leave
Britain, ib.
Rosamond Clifford, 42.
Roses (wars of the), in the
later wars no quarter
allowed, 58; table giving
particulars of the battles
in the, 138.
Rump (the), the remains of
the Long Parliament, 83.
Rupert (Prince), nephew of
Charles I., 8o.
Ruric, chief of the north-
men, or Varangians (sea-
rovers), first Duke of Rus-
sia, 11, 14.
Russell (Lord John) Premier,
117; the second time, 123.
(Lord William) executed,
85.
Russia, war declared with,
120; detailed events of war,
119, 120, 121; its cost, 120.
Ruthven, raid of, 71.
Rye House plot, 85.
Ryswick, peace of, 88, 89,139.

S.

St. Alban's, first and second
battles of, 57, 138.

St. John, Lord Bolingbroke,

91.

Salamanca, battle of, 108.
Salic law abolished in Spain,

113.
San Sebastian taken, 108;
capitulation of, 109.
Sanitary science, 134,
Savoy and Nice annexed to
France, 122.
Saxon Line, genealogical ta-
ble of the, 30.

literature, 29; Bede and
Alcuin, ib.
Schism Act, 95.
Schleswig and Holstein, de-
tails of the war between
Denmark and Prussia, re-
specting, 123.
Scinde, annexation of, 115.
Scotland, union between

England and, 95.
Scrope, Archbishop, 54.
Scutages, 52,
Seaton (Lord) quells an out-
break in the Canadas, 114.
Sebastopol, siege of, 120.
Secretary of State for war
and the colonies, and sec-
retary at war, their offices
distinguished, 107.
Sedgemoor, Monmouth de-
feated at, 86.
Self-denying ordinance, 80.
Semi-Saxon, 39.
Septennial act, 39, 89, 95, 99,

£40.

Seringapatam taken, 106.
Settlement, act of, 89, 140;
its provisions, 94.
Seven years' war, 101, 128.
Severus (Emperor) dies at
York, 3.

Seville, treaty of, 100, 139.
Shakespere, Spenser, and
dramatic writers in the
reign of Elizabeth, 71.
Sharpe, murder of Arch-
bishop, 85.
Shelburne (Lord), ministry
of, 104.
Sheriffs Depute, 101.
Sheriffmuir, or Dumblane,
battle of, 98.
Shipmoney first levied. 79.
Shipping,tonnage of English,

112, 114.

Sobraon, victory of, 118.
Soc, or township, 28.
Social Science, National As-
sociation for, 134-
Society of Jesus abolished
by Clement XIV., 102.
Solway Moss, defeat of the
Scots at, 67.
Somerset (Duke of) Protec-
tor during the minority
of Edward VI., 68.
Sophia (the Princess), the
crown settled on, and her
issue, being Protestant,
89; her death, 91.
-Dorothea, wife of George
I., 99,

Soult, defeats of, 108.
South American States, their
independence recognised,

Standard, battle of the, 37.
Staple (King's), and Mer-
chants of the Staple, 47-
Star Chamber, court of, 64.
73; origin of the name, 72;
its constitution and juris-
diction, 72; under Charles
I., 79.

Statute De Tallagio non
concedendo, 46.
STEPHEN (King) disputes
with Maude the right to
the throne, 37-
Strafford (Earl of) executed,

79.

Stratton, battle of, 80.
Strongbow, Earl of Pem-
broke, conquers Ireland,

42.

Stuart, House of, its origin,
49; line and period, 75;
table of Kings and Pro-
tectors, ib.; genealogical
table, 96: remarks on the
Stuart line, 92.

Arabella, conspiracy to
place her on the throne.
76: confined in the Tower
till her death, ib.
Stuarts, efforts of the exiled,
128.
Succession to the crown,
Saxon practice regulating,
17, 28.
Suetonius

pursues the

Druids to Anglesea, where
they were murdered, 3.
Supremacy, act of, 73, 140.
Sussex (kingdom of) found-
ed, 4 Christianity intro-
duced by Wilfrid into, ib.;
kings of. ib.
Sweating sickness, 64,
Sweyn, the English swear
allegiance to, 21;
death, ib.
Swiss Confederation, 48.
Syria, naval war about, 114,

115.

т.

his

Tacitus's description of the
system of government of
the Teutonic tribes. 28.
Tahiti occupied by the
French, 114.
Talavera, French defeated
at, 107.

Talliages, 52.

Tamerlane, conquests of, 48,
Telegraph, Electric, 133.
Tell (William) kills Gesler, 46
Temporalities of the Irish
Church, act to amend the.
113.

Terminable annuities, con-
version of stock into, 132.
Test act passed, 85; and
corporation acts repealed,
III, 128.
Tewkesbury, battle of, 58.
Thanes, or Land-owners, 28;
derivation of the word, 29.
Theowes, Anglo-Saxon seris
or slaves, 29.
Thirty years'

war, com-
mencement of the, 76.
"Thorough" government of
Lord Strafford, 78.
Tilsit, secret treaty of, 137.
Tithe commutation act, 113.

Tithings, 28.

Titles of Duke, Count, and
Earl used indifferently by
ancient historians, 14.
Toleration act, 88, 95, 140.
Tonnage and Poundage, 78.
Torres Vedras, Lines of, 138.
Tostig, brother of Harold, 27.
Toulon, siege of, 106.
Toulouse, Wellington's final

victory over Soult at, 109.
Tournament or Joust, 39.
Towton, 30,000 men fell in
the battle of, 58.
Trades' Unions, crimes in

connection with, 125.
Tralfagar, victory at, 107.
Traitorous correspondence
Bill, 105.
Treason or misprision of

treason, statutes regu-
lating trials for, 95, 140.
Treaties and alliances, table
of important, 139.
Triennial Parliaments, Act
for, 79. 89, 94; different
uses of the word "trien-
nial" as applied to parlia-
ments, 95.
Trinoda necessitas, 22.
Triple alliance, 139.
Troyes, treaty of, by which

the crown of France was
united to that of England,
55, 139.

Walcheren, disastrous ex-
pedition to, 107.
Wales annexed to the Eng-
lish crown, 46; divided
into counties and subjected
to English law, 67; first
sends representatives to
Parliament, 67.

105.

(Princess Charlotte of),

(Albert Edward, Prince
of), 115; marriage with
Princess Alexandra, 123.
Wallace defeats the English
near Stirling, 46; chosen
Regent of Scotland, ib.;
defeated at Falkirk, ib.;
executed, ib.
Waller (Sir William) defeated
at Lansdown and Round-
way Down, 80.
Wallingford, treaty of, 139.

House cabal, 83.
Walpole (Sir Robert), Lord
Treasurer and Chancellor
of Exchequer, 99; holds
power for 20 years, ib.
Waltheof reduced to sub-
mission by the Conqueror,
34; beheaded, ib.
War the exclusive cause of
the growth of the National
Debt, 132.

Warbeck (Perkin) personates
the murdered Duke of

York, 64; lands in Ireland,
ib.; marries a relative of
the King of Scotland, 65;
executed, ib.
Warrants (General) abolish-
ed, 128.
Warwick (Richard Neville,
Earl of), particulars of his
rebellion against Edward
IV., 58; restores Henry
VI. to the throne, ib.;
his defeat by Edward IV..
and death at the battle of
Barnet, ib.
Washington captured by the
British, 108.

(George) defeated at
Brandywine, 103; his un-
flinching resolution, ib.
Wason r. Walter (case of).
establishing freedom of
parliamentary reporting,

Welsh, meaning of the word,
9; last of the native race
of Welsh princes, 47-
Wentworth committed to
the Tower for making a
motion praying Elizabeth
to entail the succession to
the crown, 73.

(Sir T., afterwards Lord
Strafford), 78.
Were-gild for murder, 28.
Wessex (kingdom of),
founded by Cerdic, 5:
Christianity introduced by
Birinus into, ib.; kings of,
ib.
Westminister, treaty of, 139;
Statute of, 140; Abbey,
origin of, 5.
Westphalia or
(treaty of) secures re-
ligious liberty to the Pro-
testants, 79.

WILLIAM I. (the Con-
queror), the close ally of
the Confessor, 27; declared
by him his fittest suc-
cessor, ib.; lands at Po-
vensey, ib.; establishes the
feudal system in England,
ib.; legal changes intro-
duced by him, 38

II. (Rufus), 35; shot in
the New Forest. ib.: the
story of his being killed
by a chance arrow of Sir
W. Tyrrel examined, ib.;
his character by an old
writer, ib.

III. and Mary II.
William summons a con-
vention, 88; gains the vic-
tory of the Boyne, ib.

IV., reign of, 112.
(the Lion of Scotland)
made prisoner and forced
do homage for his

to

crown, 42.

Winchester, capital of En-
glaud, 9; statute of
Wit, or fine, for offences, 28.
Witena-gemote, or meeting
of wise men, its powers,
28; separate Witans for
each Saxon kingdom after
their union, ib.; pronun-
ciation of the word, ib.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 66.
Wolves' heads (300) imposed
as a tribute on the Welsh
by Edgar, 19.
Wool manufacture introdu-
ced by a colony of Flem-
ings, 49.
Worcester. Charles II. de-
feated at, 82.
Wykeham, William of, 49.