policy of the government | Columbia (British), discov-
towards America, 103. Chaucer, the father of En- glish poetry, 49. Cheriton Down, Royalists repulsed at, 80. Chevy Chase, battle of, 50. Chichester, origin of see, 4. China, three wars in, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122; treaty with, 122. Cholera in London, 118, 120; deaths from, 124. Christianity introduced into Britain in first century, 3. Church and King mob at Birmingham, 105.
Irish, proposals for its disestablishment and dis- endowment, 126. Cintra, convention of, 107. Circuits of the Judges in- stituted, 51. Cities and Boroughs, repre- sentation of,established,62 Ciudad Rodrigo taken by Wellington, 108. Civil Government, its fun- damental principle, “the original contract between king and people" estab- lished, 93; chief provisions of the revolutionary set- tlement, ib.
list established, 91; re- formed, 129. -war, outbreak of the, 79: table of battles and sieges during the, 81. Clarence (Duke of, brother of Edward IV.) drowned in Malmsey wine, 58; his son and daughter executed,
Clarendon, Constitutions of,
Claud us'sexpedition against the Britons, 3. Claverhouse's (Graham of) victory and death at Killiecrankie, 58.
Clive (Lord) founds the British empire in India. 101; capture of Arcot and victory of Plassey, 131. Coal, increase in its con- sumption. 133. Coalition Ministry, 104. Cobden (Mr.) negotiates a commercial treaty with France, 122.
Cobham (Lord), conspiracy of. 55.
Colchester, surrender of, 81. Colonial slavery, abolition of, 128. Colonization, beginning of successful, 95: progress of,
ery of gold in, 122; settle- ment at, 131. Columbus, assistance pro- mised to him by Henry VII., 65. Commerce, increased impor- tance of the middle classes from, 92.
and navigation, 133. Commercial panic of 1825,
Common Pleas, court of, 51.
Prayer, Book of, adopt- ed by Parliament, 68. Commons(House of), growth of its legislative power, 61; votes that the House of Lords is useless. 81; abolishes the office of king, ib.; peculiarity in its con- stitution. 92. Commonwealth, the, 82. Compurgation and compur- gators, 29. Concilium (Ordinarium) of the Norman kings, 72. Confederate States of Ameri- ca, secession of, 122; Con- federate envoys taken out of the Trent, but given back by the United States, 123; particulars of the Civil War, ib, and 124. Confirmation of the charters by Edward I., 51, 140; their provisions, 51. Congress (American) meets at Philadelphia, 103.
of Vienna, 109. Conquests and maritime as-
cendency of England, 130. Conscription, English army levied by, 72. Conservative Opposition, 128 Conservators (afterwards Justices) of the Peace, 51. Constantine the Great, son of Helena, a native of Britain. 3.
Constantinople, Latin em- pire established by the Crusaders at, 43; taken by Mahomet II., 57. Constantius (Emperor) dies at York, 3. Control, Board of, 104. Conventicle Act, 84. Convention, Parliament re- stores royalty, 83; Con- vention summoned by Prince of Orange declares throne vacant, and offers him the sovereignty, 88; Convention Parliament of William and Mary, 95. Convocation, decline of its power. 99. Cook's voyage to observe the
transit of Venus, 102; Cook the hero of oceanic discovery, 131. Copenhagen, battle of, 106; bombarded, 107. Corn Law Repeal Bill car- ried, 117, 118. Cornwall (Richard, Earl of)
chosen successor to the Emperor Frederick II., 45. Cornwallis (Lord) surrenders to Washington and Lafay ette, 103.
Corporate bodies with ex- clusive privileges erected,
Corporation Act. 84.
and Test Acts, 140. Corunna, retreat of, 107. Cotton famine, 123; imports of, 133
Council (Great), its succes- sive changes before assum- ing the form of Lords and Commons, 51. County Courts, 129.
Elections, stitutes for settling, 62. Coup d'état in France, 119. Courts of Justice, constitu- tion of Saxon, 28; after the conquest, 38; French dis- continued in courts of law, 49; Latin substituted for enrolments, ib. Covenant (Scotch National), for resistance to episcopa- cy, 79: the Scotch League and Covenant adopted by Parliament, 80. Covenanters defeated at Pentland Hills, 84. Cranmer (Archbishop),66, 69 Cressy, battle of. 48. Criminal law, amelioration of, 129.
Cromwell (Minister of Henry VIII.), attainder and exe- cution of, 67.
(Oliver), returned for Cambridge in the Long Parliament, 80; his mili- tary genius, 81; deter- mined hostility to Charles. ib.; takes Drogheda and Wexford, 82; defents the Scots at Dunbar, ib.; de- feats Prince Charles at Worcester, ib.; appointed Lord Protector by "the Instrument," ib. ; prospe- rity of England under his Protectorate, ib.; roval dig- nity offered to him, 83; his latter days unhappy from dread of assassination and from domestic losses, 83.
(Richard), proclaimed Protector, 83; abdicates, ib.
Cropredy-bridge, success of the royalists at, 80. Crusade, the first, 35; enu- meration of the seven crusades, 43. Culloden, battle of, 100. Curfew introduced by the Conqueror, 34. Curia Regis, its encroach- ments on the legislative functions of the Great Council, 38. Cymri, the, 3. Cyning, or king, Saxon title of, 28.
Czar, the title assumed by Ivan III., Grand Duke of Moscow, 58.
D. Dane-gelt, 21; its extent an indication of English wealth in Saxon times, 22. Danelagh (the) ceded to
Guthrum by Alfred, 13. Danes first land in England, 9; massacre of the, 21. Darnley (husband of Mary Queen of Scots), his mys- terious death at the Kirk of Field, 70
De Donis, statute, 51, 140. Death punishment scarcely known among the Anglo-
Saxons, 28. Declaration of Rights, 88. Deira (kingdom of), founded by Aella, 6; anecdote of Gregory the Great relating to the name, ib. Derby (Lord) Prime Minis- ter, 119; for the second time, 122; his third Minis- try, 124. Dermot, King of Leinster, seeks aid from Henry II.,
Derwentwater and Kenmuir (Lords) executed, 99. Despotic power, practice of and claims to it distin- guished the Tudors from the Stuarts, 92. Dettingen, battle of, roo. Dispensing power assumed by James II., 93. Disraeli (Mr.) Premier, 126. Doge of Venice, origin of nis
marrying the Adriatic, 42. Doggerbank, defeat of the Dutch on the, 103. Domesday Book, 34. Dost Mohammed Khan de- feated, 115. Dover, secret treaty of, 139. Drake, Cavendish, and Ka-
leigh's expeditions, 73. Dudley, Earl of Leicester, received into favour by Elizabeth, 70.
Duke (title of), its origin in | EDWARD (the Martyr)reign | England, 49, 61. Dunbar, battle of, 46; Crom- well defeats Scots at, 82. Duncan, King of Scotland, defeated and slain by Mac- beth, 25. Dunes, battle of the. 83. Dunkirk, sale of, 84; the Duke of York's expedition
to, 105. Dunstan, Archbishop, 17, 18. Dutch fleet enters the Thames, 84.
Earl, title substituted for Ealdorman, 12; not to be confounded with Eorl, 25; title ceases to be official, 61. Earls of the third penny,
EDGAR elected king by the Witan of Mercia, 18; mar- ries Elfride after her hus- band had been found murdered, 19; receives the homage of eight tribu- tary kings, ib.: : his coro- nation oath, ib.; called the peaceable," ib.; clears the island of wolves, 19. Edgar the Etheling, sou of Edward the Outlaw, and grandson of Edmund Iron- side, 23; the sole male survivor of the early Saxon line, 26; his rights recognised by the Witan, 27; resigns them to William the Conqueror, ib. Edge Hill, battle of, 79. Edithe, wife of Edward the Confessor, called the" Fair Rose," 26; anecdote of her and Ingulphus, ib. Edmund's (St.) martyrdom,
EDMUND I. (King) passes the first law for the pun- ishment of robbery with death, ib.; assassinated by Leolt, ib.
II. (Ironside) defeated by Canute, 22; shares En- gland with Canute, ib. Education, Committee of the Privy Council for, 114; government grants for, 134; early labourers in the cause of, ib. EDWARD (the Elder) changes the title of King of the West Saxons, to that of King of the En- glish, 14; receives the homage of Constantine of Scotland, and Llewellyn of Wales, ib.
(the Confessor) restores the Saxon line, 26; abo- lishes Dane-gelt, ib.; col- lects and digests the laws, ib.; rebuilds Westminster Abbey, ib.; the promise to observe the laws of good king Edward" added to the coronation oath of his successors, ib.; his sur- name of "the Confessor" traced, 26.
1. annexes Wales, ib.; bestows the Scotch crown on Baliol as his vassal, ib.; defeats Wallace at Falkirk, ib.; takes possession of Scotland as a forfeited fief, ib.; dies on his march to oppose Robert Bruce, ib.
II. forced to banish his favourite, Gaveston, 47; the government is vested in twelve ordainers, ib. ; treason of the queen, ib.; the king deposed and murdered, ib. -III. defeats the Scots at Halidon Hill, ib.; nature of his claim to the crown of France, ib.; naval vic- tory over the French at Sluys, ib.; defeats the French at Cressy, ib.; the Scots defeated at Neville's Cross by queen Philippa, 48; genealogical table of the king's descendants, 57; table illustrating his claim to the crown France, 137.
ELIZABETH (Queen) re-
stores the religious insti- tutions of Edward VI., 70; her ecclesiastical suprem- acy confirmed by Parlia- ment,ib.; excommunicated by Pius V., 71; renown of her reign, ib.; great states- men and discoveries in her reign, ib.; character of her government, 73; no mourning allowed for her, 76.
of York marries Henry VII., 57. Elphege, Archbishop of Canterbury, 21. Emigrants to United States and British colonies, com- parative numbers of, 131. Emma of Normandy marries Ethelred II., 21. Emmett's insurrection, 106. Empire (British), growth of,
picture of the sufferings of the English under it, ib. ETHELWOLF (King) reign of, 10.
Evans (General) defeats the Carlists, 113. Evesham, battle of, 45. Exchequer Chamber (court of) organised, 129. Executions within Prisons, Act for, 126. Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations in Hyde- park, 119.
International, opened,
Exodus, the Irish, 118. Exports, two systems of computing, 133. Eyre, Justices in, 51, 62. F.
Factories Act, 117. Fair Maid of Kent, wife of the Black Prince, 49. Fairfax (Lord) defeated at Atherton Moor, 80. Falkirk, Charles Edward de- feats Royal troops at, 100. Fawkes (Guy), conspiracy of, 76.
Fenians convicted of treason- felony, 123; raid in Ca- nada, 124; risings of, 125; execution of, at Manches- ter, ib.; outrage in Clerken- well, ib.; attempt to as- sassinate the Duke of Edinburgh in Australia, 126.
Feudal System, its effect on the Church, 36; traces of it in England before the Conquest, 38; introduced with the consent of the Great Council in 1085, ib.; the system described, ib.; its political and social bear- ing, 38; burden on lands by the feudal tenures abolished, 84, 93, 140. Feuds, Saxon modes of re- conciling, 28.
Field of the Cloth of Gold, 66 Fifth Monarchy men, 84. Fitzherbert's (Mrs.) private
marriage with the Prince of Wales, 104. Five Mile Act, 84. Flagellants, sect of the, 45. Flodden Field, battle of, 66. Florence becomes the capital of Italy, 124. Fontainebleau or Paris, Peace of, 139. Fontenoy, defeat of Duke
of Cumberland at, roo. Forest laws established, 34. Forests, charter of, 51.
Fortescue (Chief Justice) on the laws of England, 72. Forty shilling freehold fran- chise; when established, 62.
France, commercial treaty with, 122. Frank-pledge, 28. Franklin. Benjamin, 102.
Sir John's expedition, fate of, 120. Frederick Prince of Wales, son of George II., dies, 101. Free Church established in Scotland, 116.
Trade, great majority in favour of, 119. Freedom, elements of, in all tribes of Teutonic origin, 28; era of, 128. Freemen, classes of Anglo- Saxon, 29.
French Revolution, assembly of the Notables convened, 102; progress of the Re- volution, 103, 104. Frith-bohr or Frank-pledge,
Gaunt or Ghent, John of, unpopularity of, 49; his issue, 50, 57, 60. General Warrants, their ille-
gality determined, 102, GEORGE I. proclaimed by a Council of Regency, 98.
II., defeats the French, at Dettingen, 100.
III., Regency Bill on occurrence of King's men- tal disease, 102; alienation of King and Prince of Wales, 104; King's in- sanity, 108; Prince be- comes Regent, ib.
IV. married to Princess
Caroline of Brunswick, 106; Queen's trial, 110; visits Ireland, ib. George of Denmark's (Prince) death, 91.
Great Britain and America, 108.
Gibraltar surrenders to Sir G. Rooke, go; besieged by the French and Spanish, ib., splendid defence of, by Elliot (Lord Heath- field), 103. Girondists, the, 103. Gladstone (Mr.), extensive financial alterations cre- ated by his first budget, 119; Premier, 126. Glencoe, massacre of, 89. Glendower, (Owen), 54. Glenshiels, defeat of Jacob- ites at, 99. Gloucester (Duke of), son of Queen Anne. 91.
Statute of, 140. Goderich Administration,
Godwin Earl of Wessex, in- crease of his power, 25; his banishment and re- turn, 26; his death, ib. Gold discovered in Australia,
Golden Bull, the, 48. Gordon's (Lord G.), riot, 103 Gowries, their conspiracy to
assassinate James VI., 71. Grafton Administration, 102. Grand Alliance, 139. Granville (Ralph de) em- ployed by Henry II., to digest the laws of Eng- land, 42. Greece, Prince George of Denmark accepts the crown of, 123. Gregorian calendar intro- duced, 101. Gregory the Great (Pope) sends Augustine to con- vert the English, 6. Grenville (George), ministry of, 102.
(Lord) and Fox Ad- ministration, 107. Gresham (Sir T.) founds the Exchange, 73. Greece, independence of, proclaimed, 110. Grey (Lady Jane), her des- cent, 68; proclaime 1 Queen. 69; executed with her husband, Lord Guild- ford Dudley, ib. Grey's (Lord) Administra-
tion, 112. Guelphs and Ghibelins, ori- gin of the names, 37. Guttenburg prints the first edition of the Bible, 56. Gwalior annexed, 117. H.
Ghent, Treaty of, between Habeas Corpus Act passed
Hardy, Hcrne Tooke, and
Thelwall's trial for high treason, 105. Harley (Earl of Oxford), and St. John (Lord Boling- broke), rivalry of, 91. HAROLD I.(Harefoot), reign of, 24.
II. succeeds his father, Godwin, in the earldom of Wessex, 26; becomes king, 27; marches north- ward to oppose his brother, Tostig, ib.; killed at the battle of Hastings, ib. Harry (the Great), the first
ship of war of the Eng- lish navy, 65. Hastings, battle of, on October 14, 1066, 27; de- tails of the battle, ib.; edict of, requiring all ships to strike their topsails to the British flag, 44..
Warren, impeachment of, 104. Hauberk, derivation of the word, 39. Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 58. Helena, mother of Cou- stantine the Great, a na- tive of Britain, 3. HENRY I., reign of, 36.
II. (shortmantle) reign of, 42.
III., reign of, 35.
IV. representative of the House of Lancaster, 54; claim through Ed- mund Crouchback, son of Henry III., ib. --V. gains the victory of Agincourt, 55; treaty by which he is to succeed to the crown of France, ib.
HENRY VI.(red rose) crown- ed at Paris. 56; his mad- ness, ib.; defeat and depo- sition, 57; believed to have been put to death in the Tower, 58.
VII., his claim to the throne through a son (born out of wedlock) of John of Gaunt, by Catherine Swineford, 60; unites the houses of York and Lan- caster by marrying Eliza beth of York, 64; con- stitutional changes in his reign, 72.
VIII. marries Catherine of Arragon, 66; seeks a divorce from Catherine,ib.; is declared by Parliament Supreme Head of the En- glish Church, ib.; victims of his cruelty, 67; declared by the Irish Parliament. King, instead of Lord, of Ireland, ib.; character of his reign, 72. Henry III. of France assas- sinated by Clement, 71.
IV. of France assassin- ated by Ravaillac, 76. Heptarchy, or Octarchy, es- tablished, 3. Hereward takes refuge in the Isle of Ely, 34; sub- mits to the Conqueror, ib. Herrings, battle of the, 56. Hexham, battle of, 58. Hides, England divided into, 274, 950; 22. Hierarchy in England, the Pope's creation of a new,
High Commission, court of, 70; how constituted. 73. High Treason, law of, 49,
52; additions to, 72, 95,
Hlaford, or Lord, 29. Homage described, 38. Hong Kong ceded to Britain, 116.
Horncastle, victory of Crom- well and Sir T. Fairfax at, 80.
Horne Tooke, Hardy, and Thelwall acquitted, 105. Hotspur, son of Duke of Northumberland, killed in battle with Henry IV., 54. House of Commons estab- lished, 45, 46, 51, 52; its constitution, 62; its pri- vileges the birthright of the people. 92. Howard of Effingham(Lord), with Drake, Hawkins, and Frobisher, defeat the Spanish Armada, 71.
Ich Dien, origin of the motto, 48. Illumination of Anglo-Saxon books, 29. Impeachments, Parliament- ary, 52.
Imports, comparative, before and since Free Trade, 133. Ina, King of Wessex, laws of, 5.
Income tax imposed by Pitt, 106. Indemnity, act of, passed by Charles II., 84; exclusions from its benefit, ib. India (East Indies), original opening of the trade to, 73; origin of the East India Company, ib.; the company incorporated, 91; the three presidencies, 95; the trade thrown open, 113; under the double government of the Com- pany and the Board of Control, 131; outbreak of the mutiny, 121; narrative of it, ib.; the transfer of the government from the Company to the Crown, 122, 131; rise of the Brit- ish Empire in India, 130; Governors General, 135- Ingulphus, the monk of
Croyland, 26. Inkermann, battle of, 120. Intercommunication,growth
of, 133. Interdict, England laid un- der an, 44 Invasion of England. French preparations for, 106. Inventions for improve- ments in manufactures, 133 Investiture of Bishops, dis- putes on the right of, 36 Ionian Islands united to Greece, 123. Irel and conquered by Strong-
bow, 42; its six king toms, ib.; placed under English laws, 44; Euglish customs substituted for Tanistry and Gavelkind, 77; legisla- tive independence granted to, 104; the Young Ireland party, 117; famine in i Iron, increased production of, 133. Isabel (Queen of Edward II.) her expedition against the king, 47; guilty pass.on for Mortimer, 48. Italian war between Austria, France, and Italy, 121; its events, 122.
J. Jacquorie in France, faction of the, 49: Jamaica ceded by Spain, 82; negro insurrection in, 123 JAMES I., great grandson of Margaret Tudor, 76; assumes the title of King of Great Britain, 76; mar- ringe of his daughter, Elizabeth, to the Elector Palatine, 77; his favour- ites. Carr and Villiers, ib.
II. (as Duke of York) publicly professes Roman Catholicism, 85; his ex- clusion proposed, ib.; in- dicted by Shaftesbury as a Popish recusant, leaves England,ib.; (as king) com- mits seven bishops to the Tower, 87; his flight, ib.; lands at Kinsale, 88; ho'ds a Parliament in Dublin, ib.; death at St. Germain's, 87; his arbitrary measures,
James, Prince, (afterwards James I. of Scotland) cap- tured by the English on his voyage to France, 54; released after 17 years' captivity, 56; a poet, 57. Janissaries, origin of the, 49; suppressed and mis- sacred, III Jausenists, the, 82. Japan opened to the com- merce of all nations, 121. Jeffries (chief justice) hoids the Bloody Assize," 86. Jennings (Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough), Queen Anne's friendship for, 90. Jerusalem taken and estab- lished as a kingdom by Godfrey de Bouillon, 35; list of his successors, ib; the city captured by Sala- din, 42.
Jews admitted to Parlia- ment, 122.
Joan of Arc relieves Orleans,
56; her heroism, ib; ex- ecution on the charge of witchcraft, ib. JOHN (King), origin of his
suruame, Sans-terre, 44: orders the assassination of his nephew, Prince Arthur, heir to the crown, ib.; summoned as a vas-al of France to answer for the murder, 44; on his non- forfeits appearance his French fiefs, ib.; loses the greater part of Normandy, ib.; excommunication and submission, ib.; league of the Barons, ib; signs Magna Charta, ib.; the Barons offor the crown to the Dauphin, ib. John, King of France, his ran- som fixed at 3 millions of gold crowns, 49; returns to England and dies at the Savoy, ib. Johnson's (Reverdy) conven- tion with Lord Stanley not confirmed by the Senate of the United States, 126. Jubilee to celebrate the 50th year of George III.'s reign, 108.
Judges, independence of, 129; increased in number, ib. Junius's Letters, 102, 123. Jurors originally witnesses not judges, 51. Jury, trial by, its principle recognised in the Feudal system. 38; in criminal cases, substituted for the wager of batle, 51; inte- pendence of jurors estab- lished, 93.
Kent (kingdom of), founded by the Jutes under Hen- gist, 4; its kings euume- rate 1, ib.
Kett's revolt in Norfolk, 68. Khyber Pass, massacre in
the. 115. 117. Killiecrankie, battle of, 88. King de facto, assisting a, 72. Kings of England before the Conquest from Egbert to Hard II., 8.
since the Conquest, table of, 32. Knights of the Shire repre- sentatives of all the land- holders in the county, 52; originally military tenauts under the crown, 62.
L. Labuan added to the British
Lady (the), a title substi-
tuted for that of Queon, 10. Lanfranc Archbishop of Can- terbury. 35.
Langton Archbishop of Can- terbury, England indebted to him for Magna Charta,
44. Lausdown, defent of Sir Wil- liam Waller at, 80. Lateral extension of the suffrage, 122. Latin extensively used in
Norman times. 39. Laud (Archbishop) executed, 80.
League (Catholic) in France,
organised by Henry of Guise, 71. Legal procedure, improve- ments in, 129. Legion(British)leaves Spain,
Leo X. (John de Medici). 66. Leopold accepts the crown of Belgium, 113. Levellers (the) conspire a- gainst Cromwell, 83. Levelling up, policy of, 126. Lowes, battle of, 45; Mise of, ib. Lexington, battle of, 103. Liberty of speech and of the
press, 129. Limerick, treaty and surren- der of, 89.
Lincoln ('resident) assas- sinated, 124.
Lisbon, earthquake at, ror. Literature (cheap), chief pro- moters of, 134. Liverpool's (Lord) Adminis-
tration 108; ends, having lasted 15 years, 110. Lodbrok (Ragnar), death song of, 12. Lollards, severe measures against them, 54. 55; fear respecting their intention to deprive the lords spi- ritual and temporal of their lands, 55 London, great fire of, 84;
increase of population, 130; relative greatness less than at the Revolution, ib.
Londonderry relieved by the troops of William III., 88.
Lord Mayor, the City of
London acquires the right of electing the, 44. Lords (be), limited power of 128.
Louis XIV. dies after reign- ing 72 years, 93.
Marlborough's (Duke of) victories, 90 Marquis, origin of title, 61. Marriage Act (Royal) and its causes, 103. -new, 113.
Marian persecution. 69; execution of Archbishop Cranmer, Bishops Ridley, Latimer, Hooper, and Farrer, with 200 others, ib. Marston Moor, battle of. 80. MARY I., Queen, 69; marries the Archduke Philip, afterwards Philip II. of Spain, ib.; her observation to the chief justice in favour of the liberty of the subject, 72. -II. (Queen with William III.), her death, 89. Mary, Queen of Scots, be- trothed to the dauphin, af- terwards Francis II., 68; married to him, 69; mar- riage with Lord Darnley, 70; with Bothwell, ib.; deposed, and seeks refuge in England, ib; taken prisoner on landing in Cumberland, ib; insurrec- tions of Lords North- umberland, Westmore- land, and Dacre, for her liberation, ib.; plot and execution of Throgmorton, 71; of Babington and others. ib.; her trial and execution, 71.
Masham (Mrs.), fivourite of Queen Anne, 91. Matilda, wife of Stephen, her virtues, Maude (wife of Henry I.) 36; her learning, ib. Maude, the Empress, daugh- ter of Henry I. 36; crown- ed, 37; forced to leave the kingdom, ib.; agreement with Stephen that her son Henry should succoed
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 123; shot, 126 Maynooth College, endow- ment of, 117. Meai Tub plot, 85. Mehemet Ali, viceroy of Eypt, 114. Melbourne ministry, 113, 114. Merchant adventurers es- tablished, 46; company of, 73. Mercia (kingdom of) found- ed, 7; list of its kings, ib. Merciless Parliament, 50. Mêsne Lords, 38. Methuen, treaty of com- merce, go.
Mississippi scheme origin- ated by Law, 98. Monasteries during the
Octarchy the means of diffusing civilisation, 11; the preservation of the literature of antiquity due to them, ib.; suppres- sion of, 67. Money, present value of the, forty shilling freehold franchise, when first esta- blished, 62.
Monk (General) enters Lon- don, 83; created Duke of Albemarle, 84. Monmouth (Duke of) plans an insurrection, 85; lands at Lyme, 86; defeated at Sedgemoor, ib.; exe- cuted, ib. Monopolies granted, 72. Montfort (Simon de) killed at the battle of Evesham, 45; the parliament sum- moned by him in 1265, con- sisting of citizens and burgesses, as well as knights, ib.
Montrose, Royalist victories in Scotland under, 81; defeated at Philiphaugh by the Covenanters, ib., 138; executed, 82. Mooltan taken, 118. Moorish power in Spain, its fall, 64
Moors, their final expulsion from Spain, 76. More (Sir Thomas) executed, 67. Morrice imprisoned for a motion in Parliament dis- pleasing to Elizabeth, 73- Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 57; 58.
Mortmain, statute of, 51;
N. Nantes, (Edict of) secures religious liberty in France, 71; Revocation of it. 86. Nantwich taken by Sir T. Fairfax, 80. Napier (Admiral), defeats fleet of Don Miguel, 113.
(Sir Charles) conquers Scinde, 117.
- (Lord) defeats the Abys- sinians, 126. Napoleon proclaimed Em- peror of the French, 104; defeats the Austrians at Austerlitz, ib.; the Prus- sians at Jena, 105; en- ters Moscow, 106; ab- dicates at Fontainebleau, 109; retires to Elba, ib.; lands at Cannes and enters Paris, ib.; the Hundred Days, ib.; after Waterloo gives himself up to Captain Maitland of the "Bellerophon," 106; Bri- tish wars with, 107; death at St. Helena, 110. Naseby, battle of, 81. National debt, commence- ment of the, 88, 95; its ori- ginal nucleus, 132; its subsequent history, ib. Navarino, battle of, 111. Nelson's victories, 106. New Forest,
cleared to form it. 34. New York (then New Am- sterdam) ceded by the Dutch to England, 84. Newburn, the Scots defeat the royal troops at, 79. Newbury, first and second battles of, 80. Newcastle surrenders to the Royalists, 80. Newport, treaty of, 81. Newspaper press, 134.
stamp abolished, 121. Ney (Marshal) shot, 107., Nicholas (the Czar) dies,
Normandy and Blois, genea- logical table of the lines of, 40. Normans, dress and armour of,
North's (Lord) Ministry, 102, 103. Northampton, battle of, 57. Northumbria divided into the kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira, 6. Nova Scotia (Acadia) cap- tured, 91; colonised, 95.
Oates's (Titus), seli-contra- dictory evidence of the plot to assassinate Charles II., 85. O'Brien's (Smith) rebellion, 118; sentenced for high treason, ib. O'Connell (Daniel), elected for Clare, 111; conviction of, 116. Octarchy or heptarchy es- tablished, 3- Orange(Prince of, afterwards William III.)marries Mary, daughter of James II., 85; invited to come to Englaud to redress the grievances of the nation, 87; lands at Torbay, ib.
Ordeal, trial by, 28; abolish- ed, 51.
Oregon boundary, treaty
with America on the, 117. Orkney and Shetland Isles ceded by Denmark Scotland, 57. Orleans (Duke of), his re-
gency during the minority of Louis XV., 98. Orsini's attempt to assas- sinate French emperor,121. Orthez, battle of, 109. Otho, King of Greece, 113. Oudenarde, victory of, 91. Overbury, murder of, 77. P. Paine's (Thomas) societies to advocate the Rights of Man, 105.
Pale, the Irish, 67. Palmerston (Lord) dismissed for recognising the coup d'état without consulting the Premier or the Queen, 119; his Ministry, 120, 121; defeat of his motion to make conspiring in Eng- land against a foreign sovereign a felony, 121; Premier the second time, 122; improvements pubic prosperity during his last five years, 123.
Pampeluna, capitulation of,
Pandects discovered at A- malfi, 37. Paper duty, the Lords' oppo- sition to its repeal, and the resolution of the Com- mons, forming an epoch in Constitutional history,122. Papal government sup- pressed, 104.
Paris, first, second, and third Peace of, 102, 139; capitulation of. 109, Parliament, citizens and burgesses first summoned to, 45; deputies from the boroughs summoned by Edward I., 46; Parliament modelled into its present form, ib.; enactment that a parliament should be held at least once in every year, 52; constitution of Parliament, 62; pecu- niary qualification of members, ib.; Parliament Houses burnt, 113
the Long, 79. Parliamentary army capitu- lates under Essex. 80; ta- ble giving particulars of principal battles of the Parliamentary war, 138. Parr (Catherine), Queen of Henry VIII., 68; her mar- riage after the king's death, ib. Partition treaty (first and second) between William III. and Louis XIV., 90. Pauperism in the United Kingdom, 134.
Paul (the Emperor) assas- sinated, 104. Pax regis, 28. Payment of borough mem- bers, 62.
Peabody's (Mr.) donations, 134.
Pecquigny, treaty of, 139. Peel (Sir Robert) Prime Minister, 113, 115; his death, 119. Peerage originally terri-
torial, 61; weakened by
the wars of the Roses, 64. Peers for life, the crown not entitled to create,
Scots on Nisbet Moor, and at Homildon Hill, 54. Perceval (Spencer), Prime Minister, 107; assassin- ated, 108. Persecution of Christians in Britain under Diocletian and Maximian, 3. Persia, war declared against,
Peter the Great visits En- gland, 88.
Hermit's preaching leads to the Crusades, 43. Petition of Right passed by Parliament, 78; parti- culars of it, ib.; the second great charter of English freedom, 92; can- celled by Charles I. after giving his full assent to it,
ib. Petitioning, right of, 93. Picts, irruptions of the, 3; subdued by Kenneth II.,
Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England, 95. Pinkie, Scots defeated at, 68. Pitt (the elder, Earl of Chatham), 101; his gigan- tic schemes for the aggran- disement of England, 128.
(the younger, second son of the Earl of Chatham) Minister for 17 years, 104. Plague, the great, 84. Plantagenet kings, 41; re- marks on the line of, 51; genealogical table of the House of, 53. Plassey, Clive's victory at, the beginning of the Brit- ish Empire in India, 131. Poictiers, battle of, 49. Poland, first partition of, 102; second, 103; incor- porated with Russia, 113; merged in the Russian empire, 123.
Pole (Cardinal de la), 69. Police Act of Sir Robert Peel, 111.
Pondicherry taken from the French, 102.
Poor law established in the reign of Elizabeth, 71; the acts 39th and 42nd of Elizabeth, 73; Poor Law amendment act, 113. Popes since the accession of George I., 135.
Popish plot, pretended re-
velations respecting a, 85. Population of Anglo-Saxon England, 29; of England and Wales at the end of Elizabeth's reign. 73; of England at the Revolution,
95; of England and Wales, 129; of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, ta- ble of, 130. Porteous (Captain) murdered in Edinburgh, 100. Portland's (Duke of) Minis- try, 107. Post Office, established, 95; its growth, 133. Postage (penny) established,
Poyning's (Sir Edward) act establishes the English laws in Ireland, 64. Præmunire, statute of, 50,
Pragmatic sanction, the, 100. Premier the organ of the majority of the House of Commons, 128. Prerogative (Royal) its in- crease under the Tudors, 72; struggle between it and liberty, 92. Presbyterian form of worship established by Parliament,
Presbyterians and Indepen- dents, hostility between,
Presidents of the United
States since the accession of George I., 135. Preston, the Scots defeated at, 81.
Pans, Charles Edward victorious at, 100. Pretender (James Francis, the Old), 87; recognised by Louis XIV. as James III., 89; arrives on the coast of Scotland, 91; pro- claimed by the Earl of Mar at Braemar, 98; his adherents defeated at Preston, ib.; lands at Peterhead, ib.
(the Young), see Charles Edward.
Pride (Colonel) excludes the Presbyterian Members of the House, 81. Priests (126 Roman Catholic) executed under Elizabeth,
qualification for Mem- bers of Parliament re- pealed, 95. Protestant religion estab lished by Parliament, 68; abolished by Parliament, 69; restored, Protestation of the Com-
mons torn out of the jour- nals by James I., 92. Provisors (Statute of), 48. Provisions of Oxford, 45. Prussia, the Elector of Bran- denburg assumes the title of King of, 89; Prussia concludes a treaty with Italy and makes war on Austria, 124; details of the war, ib. and 125. Publication, abolition of re- straints on free, 129. Punjab (the), annexed, 118. Puritans, measures against the, 71. Purveyance, system of, 49. Pyrenees, battles of, 108, 109.
Quadruple Alliance, 99, 139. Quakers relieved from oaths,
Qualification (Property) for
members of Parliament abolished, 122. Qualifications of electors and members of Parliament, 62.
Quebec captured by General Wolfe, 101.
Queen Anne's Bounty insti- tuted, go. Queen's Colleges established in Ireland, 117. Quia Emptores, statute of,
Quiberon Bay, Admiral
Hawke defeats the French at, 1or; disastrous expe- dition to Quiberon, 105.
Radicalism, origin of, 128. Railways, progress of, 133;
capital embarked in, ib.; average profit 8:37 per cent., ib.
Raleigh (Sir Walter), exe- cuted after an imprison- ment of 13 years, 77. Ramilies, victory of, 90.
Rangoon taken, 110. Rebecca riots in Wales, 116. Rebellion in Ireland, 106. Reeve or Gereeve, 28. Reform Act of 1832, 128; agitation previous to its passing, 113; receives the royal assent, 112; its chief provisions, 113 reform riot in Hyde Park, 124; Reform Acts of 1867-68, 124; particulars of their enactments, ib.; Reform Acts, 140. Reformation in Scotland es- tablished by Knox. 70. Regent, right of Parliament to appoint the, vindicated by Pitt, 104. Regicides executed, 84. Registration of births, deaths, and marriages, Act for, 113. Reichstadt (Duke of), his death, 113. Reign of Terror, 103. Repeal of the Union, agita- tion for, 115; monster meetings for, 116. Reporting debates in Par- liament, 129. Representation (Remedial) in Saxon times, 62; re- presentation of the people in Norman times, ib.; not an original principle of parliamentary
tion, ib.; Representation of the People Act, 125; table of the comparative state of representation at the elections of 1831, 1865 and 1868, 125. Restoration (the), its cor-
ruption and denial of justice, 93. Revenue, expenditure and taxation, 132. Revival of Letters, effects
produced on society, 92. RICHARD I. (Cœur de Lion), 43; joins the third Crusade, ib.; takes Acre, ib.; terms made with Saladin, ib.
II. quells the insurrec- tion of Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, 50 deposed and murdered, ib.
III. (as Duke of Glou- cester), marries Anne, daughter of the great Earl of Warwick, 60; usurps the crown, 59; causes his ne- phews, Edward V. and the Duke of York, to be mur- dered in the Tower, 60. Richelieu, Cardinal, 77. Right, Petition of, 140. Rights, Bill of, 88, 140.
Riot Act passed, 98. Ripon, treaty of, 79. Rizzio, plot for the murder of, 70.
Robert of Normandy im- prisoned for 28 years, 56.
III., the first prince of the House of Stuart, 54. Robespierre overthrown and executed, 103. Robin Hood, 43. Rochelle, Buckingham's un- successful attempts to re- lieve, 78. Rockingham's (Lord) Ad- ministration, 102; second ministry, 104. Rodney's (Lord) naval vic- tory in West Indies, 103. Rome, early Saxon inter- course with, 10; triumvi- rate at, 118; French ex- pedition to, ib.; Papal go- vernment reestablished,ib. Roman Catholic Emancipa- tion act, III. -Empire(Holy) abolished,
States, diplomatic re- lations established with the, 118. Romans in Britain, 2; Em- perors who visited Britain, ib.; five provinces in Brit- ain, 3; Roman wall from the Tyne to the Solway, 3; from the Forth to the Clyde. ib.; Romans leave Britain, ib. Rosamond Clifford, 42. Roses (wars of the), in the later wars no quarter allowed, 58; table giving particulars of the battles in the, 138. Rump (the), the remains of the Long Parliament, 83. Rupert (Prince), nephew of Charles I., 8o. Ruric, chief of the north- men, or Varangians (sea- rovers), first Duke of Rus- sia, 11, 14. Russell (Lord John) Premier, 117; the second time, 123. (Lord William) executed, 85. Russia, war declared with, 120; detailed events of war, 119, 120, 121; its cost, 120. Ruthven, raid of, 71. Rye House plot, 85. Ryswick, peace of, 88, 89,139.
St. Alban's, first and second battles of, 57, 138.
St. John, Lord Bolingbroke,
Salamanca, battle of, 108. Salic law abolished in Spain,
113. San Sebastian taken, 108; capitulation of, 109. Sanitary science, 134, Savoy and Nice annexed to France, 122. Saxon Line, genealogical ta- ble of the, 30.
literature, 29; Bede and Alcuin, ib. Schism Act, 95. Schleswig and Holstein, de- tails of the war between Denmark and Prussia, re- specting, 123. Scinde, annexation of, 115. Scotland, union between
England and, 95. Scrope, Archbishop, 54. Scutages, 52, Seaton (Lord) quells an out- break in the Canadas, 114. Sebastopol, siege of, 120. Secretary of State for war and the colonies, and sec- retary at war, their offices distinguished, 107. Sedgemoor, Monmouth de- feated at, 86. Self-denying ordinance, 80. Semi-Saxon, 39. Septennial act, 39, 89, 95, 99,
Seringapatam taken, 106. Settlement, act of, 89, 140; its provisions, 94. Seven years' war, 101, 128. Severus (Emperor) dies at York, 3.
Seville, treaty of, 100, 139. Shakespere, Spenser, and dramatic writers in the reign of Elizabeth, 71. Sharpe, murder of Arch- bishop, 85. Shelburne (Lord), ministry of, 104. Sheriffs Depute, 101. Sheriffmuir, or Dumblane, battle of, 98. Shipmoney first levied. 79. Shipping,tonnage of English,
Sobraon, victory of, 118. Soc, or township, 28. Social Science, National As- sociation for, 134- Society of Jesus abolished by Clement XIV., 102. Solway Moss, defeat of the Scots at, 67. Somerset (Duke of) Protec- tor during the minority of Edward VI., 68. Sophia (the Princess), the crown settled on, and her issue, being Protestant, 89; her death, 91. -Dorothea, wife of George I., 99,
Soult, defeats of, 108. South American States, their independence recognised,
Standard, battle of the, 37. Staple (King's), and Mer- chants of the Staple, 47- Star Chamber, court of, 64. 73; origin of the name, 72; its constitution and juris- diction, 72; under Charles I., 79.
Statute De Tallagio non concedendo, 46. STEPHEN (King) disputes with Maude the right to the throne, 37- Strafford (Earl of) executed,
Stratton, battle of, 80. Strongbow, Earl of Pem- broke, conquers Ireland,
Stuart, House of, its origin, 49; line and period, 75; table of Kings and Pro- tectors, ib.; genealogical table, 96: remarks on the Stuart line, 92.
Arabella, conspiracy to place her on the throne. 76: confined in the Tower till her death, ib. Stuarts, efforts of the exiled, 128. Succession to the crown, Saxon practice regulating, 17, 28. Suetonius
pursues the
Druids to Anglesea, where they were murdered, 3. Supremacy, act of, 73, 140. Sussex (kingdom of) found- ed, 4 Christianity intro- duced by Wilfrid into, ib.; kings of. ib. Sweating sickness, 64, Sweyn, the English swear allegiance to, 21; death, ib. Swiss Confederation, 48. Syria, naval war about, 114,
Tacitus's description of the system of government of the Teutonic tribes. 28. Tahiti occupied by the French, 114. Talavera, French defeated at, 107.
Tamerlane, conquests of, 48, Telegraph, Electric, 133. Tell (William) kills Gesler, 46 Temporalities of the Irish Church, act to amend the. 113.
Terminable annuities, con- version of stock into, 132. Test act passed, 85; and corporation acts repealed, III, 128. Tewkesbury, battle of, 58. Thanes, or Land-owners, 28; derivation of the word, 29. Theowes, Anglo-Saxon seris or slaves, 29. Thirty years'
war, com- mencement of the, 76. "Thorough" government of Lord Strafford, 78. Tilsit, secret treaty of, 137. Tithe commutation act, 113.
Titles of Duke, Count, and Earl used indifferently by ancient historians, 14. Toleration act, 88, 95, 140. Tonnage and Poundage, 78. Torres Vedras, Lines of, 138. Tostig, brother of Harold, 27. Toulon, siege of, 106. Toulouse, Wellington's final
victory over Soult at, 109. Tournament or Joust, 39. Towton, 30,000 men fell in the battle of, 58. Trades' Unions, crimes in
connection with, 125. Tralfagar, victory at, 107. Traitorous correspondence Bill, 105. Treason or misprision of
treason, statutes regu- lating trials for, 95, 140. Treaties and alliances, table of important, 139. Triennial Parliaments, Act for, 79. 89, 94; different uses of the word "trien- nial" as applied to parlia- ments, 95. Trinoda necessitas, 22. Triple alliance, 139. Troyes, treaty of, by which
the crown of France was united to that of England, 55, 139.
Walcheren, disastrous ex- pedition to, 107. Wales annexed to the Eng- lish crown, 46; divided into counties and subjected to English law, 67; first sends representatives to Parliament, 67.
(Princess Charlotte of),
(Albert Edward, Prince of), 115; marriage with Princess Alexandra, 123. Wallace defeats the English near Stirling, 46; chosen Regent of Scotland, ib.; defeated at Falkirk, ib.; executed, ib. Waller (Sir William) defeated at Lansdown and Round- way Down, 80. Wallingford, treaty of, 139.
House cabal, 83. Walpole (Sir Robert), Lord Treasurer and Chancellor of Exchequer, 99; holds power for 20 years, ib. Waltheof reduced to sub- mission by the Conqueror, 34; beheaded, ib. War the exclusive cause of the growth of the National Debt, 132.
Warbeck (Perkin) personates the murdered Duke of
York, 64; lands in Ireland, ib.; marries a relative of the King of Scotland, 65; executed, ib. Warrants (General) abolish- ed, 128. Warwick (Richard Neville, Earl of), particulars of his rebellion against Edward IV., 58; restores Henry VI. to the throne, ib.; his defeat by Edward IV.. and death at the battle of Barnet, ib. Washington captured by the British, 108.
(George) defeated at Brandywine, 103; his un- flinching resolution, ib. Wason r. Walter (case of). establishing freedom of parliamentary reporting,
Welsh, meaning of the word, 9; last of the native race of Welsh princes, 47- Wentworth committed to the Tower for making a motion praying Elizabeth to entail the succession to the crown, 73.
(Sir T., afterwards Lord Strafford), 78. Were-gild for murder, 28. Wessex (kingdom of), founded by Cerdic, 5: Christianity introduced by Birinus into, ib.; kings of, ib. Westminister, treaty of, 139; Statute of, 140; Abbey, origin of, 5. Westphalia or (treaty of) secures re- ligious liberty to the Pro- testants, 79.
WILLIAM I. (the Con- queror), the close ally of the Confessor, 27; declared by him his fittest suc- cessor, ib.; lands at Po- vensey, ib.; establishes the feudal system in England, ib.; legal changes intro- duced by him, 38
II. (Rufus), 35; shot in the New Forest. ib.: the story of his being killed by a chance arrow of Sir W. Tyrrel examined, ib.; his character by an old writer, ib.
III. and Mary II. William summons a con- vention, 88; gains the vic- tory of the Boyne, ib.
IV., reign of, 112. (the Lion of Scotland) made prisoner and forced do homage for his
Winchester, capital of En- glaud, 9; statute of Wit, or fine, for offences, 28. Witena-gemote, or meeting of wise men, its powers, 28; separate Witans for each Saxon kingdom after their union, ib.; pronun- ciation of the word, ib. Wolsey, Cardinal, 66. Wolves' heads (300) imposed as a tribute on the Welsh by Edgar, 19. Wool manufacture introdu- ced by a colony of Flem- ings, 49. Worcester. Charles II. de- feated at, 82. Wykeham, William of, 49.
« ПредыдущаяПродолжить » |