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Italian sage is said to have said it was. Yet Newton's apple-cut up—would have been a more potent antidote. Marvellous, indeed, is the whole sweep of the analogy. But who, perusing it with fresh eye, can possibly confound correspondence of design with identity of descent? The two series plainly have a common Architect. As plainly they have in nowise a common ancestry.

52. If this conviction needed rivetting and reinforcement, instead of being, as it is, abundantly secure by its own proper strength, we should only have to connect with Duplication of Outline, in the organic kingdoms, the simultaneous presence, throughout both, of Correlation of Superiorities. Not merely of co-adaptive and cooperating structures, set as yoke-fellows each to each, and each, in a sense, inter-necessitating the others. This indeed is a study second in significance to none of its class. The teeth, claws, and stomach of a lion or a cat are all correlated parts of a carnivorous whole; and so, on the herbivorous model, are the teeth, hoof, and stomach of an ox or a sheep. The furniture of each fabric is made to pattern. The organs so combined cannot change owners and cannot part company: they can neither be detached nor transposed: given one, you

have the key to the rest: no feline shall be found with ox-like teeth, no ruminant with cat-like claws. It was through his grasp on these truths that Cuvier became the founder of palæontology. 91 The principle on which he relied was that of the congress and conspiracy of means to ends. Where there are sails there will be masts. Where there are guns there will be powder. The blacksmith's bellows will not be found in the carpenter's shed, nor the carpenter's axe and plane beside the blacksmith's bellows. Cuvier's method rests on the conviction, inductively generated and inductively verified, that consistent adaptation, such as is seen in man's works, pervades the living workmanship of God. From the impressive tribute to Divine purpose which this method yields, or rather constitutes, the abusive construction of the phrase "conditions of existence" cannot detract. "Without uniting such conditions the creature could not have existed." It may be so; but there was no necessity that the creature should exist. We do not account for the mechanism of the loom by calling it a "condition of the existence" of cloth! Is it a whit more rational to apply this pretentious verbiage, for example, to the covering of animals? Between the cold-blooded reptile, which needs no clothing, and Man

who can clothe himself, lies the vast and varied series of warm-blooded creatures which can "neither work nor want"-neither provide raiment nor dispense with it. All are clad, but how differently! The whale is wrapped in fat, the bear in fur, the bird in feathers; these last beautifully correlated, not only to warmth but to flight. Does the circumstance that all these provisions are each exquisitely suited to its own sphere, and all totally unlike save in utility to the animal, strip them of their providential character? Most truly they are "conditions of existence;" but who or what brought them together? We do not assign a reason when we record a fact. Flimsy, however, as this subterfuge is, in view of structures and organs more or less manifestly mated to one another, it has, if possible, still less plausibility as regards the subject immediately in hand-the Correlation, that is, of General Superiorities. For a certain exuberance of endowment, however significant and beneficial, is not a sine quâ non to life and well-being, and therefore does not touch the "conditions of existence." It is by no casual synchronism then, and assuredly by no necessity in the nature of things, that we find this conflux of opulence as we ascend the scale in both the organic kingdoms. Thus it is that the dicotyle

donous embryo is attached to the exogenous stem, so that the vegetable equator defines itself almost as sharply by the build of the cradle as by the architecture of the house. The foliage, moreover, acquires a fresh beauty and elaboration; so that every tongue by which the plant can speak, the stem, the embryo, the very leaf,— have all the same tale to tell. An objection to this manifestation of Divine order, which may occur to some minds, will not only vanish, but be transformed into a proof of what is doubted, by a closer attention to the exact state of the case. The Acrogen, like the still humbler Thallogen, has no cotyledon: the fungus, in this regard, is on a level with the fern. The Endogen has its single cotyledon; and also the seed-vessel, or curtain for the cotyledon, which is the less important organ in the economy of reproduction. The Gymnexogen has the complete cotyledon, which is, of course, in this view, the more important organ; but no distinct seed-vessel. The Arch-exogen has both. Now there is no real retrogression in this scale; the pine, in vegetable anatomy, takes precedence of the palm: but what might seem a defect in the endowment of the Gymnogen will be reduced to its true value when we reflect that the earth's vegetation has effloresced at twice; and that, at

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