sible for a telephone message delivered during one's absence to be recorded and reproduced at will. The telautograph, whereby the sender's own writing may be transmitted to the recipient was another of the remarkable inventions which succeeded the Columbian Exposition.

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition was very costly. In addition to the amount originally procured, that appropriated by the government for its own special exhibits, by the states, and by foreign governments, it was found necessary before the completion of the buildings to negotiate a loan of $4,600,000 from the general government, giving a lien on the gate receipts. This was a new expedient. However, the fact remains as was at the time pointed out: at such a remarkable showing of world concerns, one person may conceive a plan, invention or idea that may enrich the world beyond the entire expense involved. If this great undertaking demonstrated one fact more clearly than others it was that in those countries where education is most valued, there is to be found greatest commercial and industrial proficiency; that in countries that continue to compel classical training without the choice of scientific and modern courses, there is noticeable backwardness in commerce and industry.

The educational exhibit was particularly interesting in that it showed a unity in American educational training, although this is everywhere left to state provision. The National Educational Association which convenes each year has provided a channel through which whatever of advantage is discovered in one state becomes the property of all. In fact, in spite of many state systems, there was demonstrated greater similarity of work done in east and west of our wide country than in foreign countries where one system is maintained throughout.

It has long been conceded that the training of the young is vital to the well being of a country but this exposition went farther than that. It proved beyond the shadow of a doubt that supremacy among nations in the future will depend less upon their far reaching guns and well disciplined armies and more upon the general enlightenment and intelligence of their workmen; that the social problems that beset each land will be adequately understood and disposed of when each home is a cultural and educative center. Efficiency is the demand of the

age and to develop efficient children, parents must be efficient. "The education of men and women within their homes is fully as important as the education of children," was said and demonstrated. It is gratifying to note that women's work found its place with that of men-placed not to arouse surprise at what mere woman hath wrought but to be judged solely on its merits.

Finally, it served to deepen the impression already made by the Pan-American Exposition, that when these tiny exposition cities can be made so beautiful by co-operation of trained architects and decorators, it is manifestly unnecessary for mankind to continue to dwell in such unsightly cities as fill our land. The average citizen constructs his own dwelling without a thought as to that of his neighbor, beside which it must stand. If it is painted, the color is chosen without regard to the surroundings; thus a red house may stand beside a yellow, green or white one, one often increasing the ugliness of the other. We have already grown to compel pleasing and unified spectacles inside the exposition gates and this idea needs only to be carried a little further to insure us pleasing and unified effects within the towns and cities which are our permanent abodes. Nor is it purely fanciful, as it would once have been considered, to predict that a time may come when it will be denied that a man has the right to erect a house that by its architectural form and color scheme is injurious to the effect of the neighborhood as a whole and repellent to the trained eye.

CHAPTER XV.

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION.

THE Louisiana Purchase, as has been noted, occasioned much bitter criticism. The newly acquired territory was described as a region of jungle, swamp, desert, fit only for the habitation of savages, reptiles and fierce wild beasts. With a desire to modify some of the calumny that was heaped upon his head, but more particularly with a hope of ascertaining whether or not water connection with the Pacific might be found, President Jefferson determined to send out an expedition into the northwest. Accordingly, Congress appropriated $2,500 to defray the cost. This, at the time, was regarded as liberal provision.

Captain Meriweather Lewis, twenty-nine years of age, then acting as the President's private secretary, was eager to accompany the proposed expedition. Captain William Clark, another officer in the United States Army, and four years older, was appointed to share responsibilities with him. Having received full instruction to make a record of their experiences, to observe the nature of the country traversed, its vegetation, minerals where these could be discovered, and above all, to use the utmost diplomacy in dealing with the Indians, striving ever to win them by kindness, Lewis departed to meet Captain Clark in St. Louis. They arrived at this center of Upper Louisiana in December, 1803, and spent the winter in preparation and recruiting a party. Nine hardy young Kentuckians, fourteen volunteer soldiers, two French boatmen, an interpreter, a hunter and a negro servant made up the party proper, while to accompany them to the land of the Mandans-North Dakota-six additional soldiers, one corporal and nine rowers were also engaged.

The outfit when ready included a keel boat, fifty-five feet long, with cabin and forecastle, propelled by twenty-two oars and a square sail; two long skiffs, clothing, provisions, guns, powder and fourteen bales of gewgaws designed to attract the