On LibertyTicknor and Fields, 1863 - Всего страниц: 223 From the Introduction In his Autobiography, Mill predicts that the essay On Liberty is "likely to survive longer than anything else that I have written." He goes on to say that the essay is the expression of a "single truth: " "the importance, to man and society, of a large variety of types of character, and of giving full freedom to human nature to expand itself in innumerable and conflicting directions." In the essay itself, Mill defines his subject as "the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual." He defends the absolute freedom of individuals to engage in conduct not harmful to others, and the near-absolute freedom to express and discuss opinions of all kinds. Mill's essay survives, as he had predicted, because his powerful message is still widely rejected by the powerful, and by those who continue to seek power over the lives of others. |
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Стр. 31
... unless a strong barrier of moral con- viction can be raised against the mischief , we must expect , in the present circumstances of the world , to see it increase . It will be convenient for the argument , if , instead of at once ...
... unless a strong barrier of moral con- viction can be raised against the mischief , we must expect , in the present circumstances of the world , to see it increase . It will be convenient for the argument , if , instead of at once ...
Стр. 39
... unless they are quite sure of being right . But when they are sure ( such reasoners may say ) , it is not conscientiousness but cowardice to shrink from acting on their opinions , and allow doctrines which they hon- estly think ...
... unless they are quite sure of being right . But when they are sure ( such reasoners may say ) , it is not conscientiousness but cowardice to shrink from acting on their opinions , and allow doctrines which they hon- estly think ...
Стр. 41
... unless human affairs are , and have always been , in an almost desperate state it is owing to a quality of the human mind , the source of everything respectable in man either as an intellectual or as a moral be- ing , namely , that his ...
... unless human affairs are , and have always been , in an almost desperate state it is owing to a quality of the human mind , the source of everything respectable in man either as an intellectual or as a moral be- ing , namely , that his ...
Стр. 44
... unless the reasons are good for an extreme case , they are not good for any case . Strange that they should imag- ine that they are not assuming infallibility , when they acknowledge that there should be free discussion on all subjects ...
... unless the reasons are good for an extreme case , they are not good for any case . Strange that they should imag- ine that they are not assuming infallibility , when they acknowledge that there should be free discussion on all subjects ...
Стр. 53
... unless , therefore , it was his duty to adopt that religion , it seemed to be his duty to put it down . Inasmuch then as the theology of Christianity did not appear to him true or of divine origin ; inasmuch as this strange his- tory of ...
... unless , therefore , it was his duty to adopt that religion , it seemed to be his duty to put it down . Inasmuch then as the theology of Christianity did not appear to him true or of divine origin ; inasmuch as this strange his- tory of ...
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admit argument asserted authority believe better Calvinistic cerns character Christian concerns conduct considered contrary creed custom defending desire despotism discussion dition doctrine duct duty effect enforced eral error ethics evil example exer exercise exist experience faculties feelings freedom grounds heretics human important impulses individual infallibility intel intellect interests interference John Knox judgment justify legitimate liberty limit mankind Marcus Aurelius means ment mental mind mode moral nature necessary never object offence opin Parsees party penalties persecution persons political Poor Law Board practical prevent principle profess punishment question quired reason received opinion religion religious require restraint rulers rules self-regarding sentiments side sion social social rights social stigma society Socrates supposed things thought tion tivation toleration trines true truth tween Tyrannicide tyranny unless vidual whole Wilhelm von Humboldt wrong
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Стр. 36 - But the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error.
Стр. 28 - ... not harm them, even though they should think our conduct foolish, perverse, or wrong. Thirdly, from this liberty of each individual follows the liberty, within the same limits, of combination among individuals ; freedom to unite for any purpose not involving harm to others ; the persons combining being supposed to be of full age, and not forced or deceived.
Стр. 24 - Liberty, as a principle, has no application to any state of things anterior to the time when mankind have become capable of being improved by free and equal discussion.
Стр. 41 - Not by experience alone. There must be discussion, to show how experience is to be interpreted. Wrong opinions and practices gradually yield to fact and argument : but facts and arguments, to produce any effect on the mind, must be brought before it. Very few facts are able to tell their own story, without comments to bring out their meaning.
Стр. 222 - ... a State which dwarfs its men, in order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposes— will find...
Стр. 24 - It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to say that this doctrine is meant to apply only to human beings in the maturity of their faculties. We are not speaking of children, or of young persons below the age which the law may fix as that of manhood or womanhood. Those who are still in a state to require being taken care of by others, must be protected against their own actions as well as against external injury.
Стр. 29 - The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it. Each is the proper guardian of his own health, whether bodily, or mental and spiritual. Mankind are greater gainers by suffering each other to live as seems good to themselves, than by compelling each to live as seems good to the rest.
Стр. 145 - ... the fact of living in society renders it indispensable that each should be bound to observe a certain line of conduct towards the rest. This conduct consists first, in not injuring the interests of one another ; or rather certain interests, which, either by express legal provision or by tacit understanding, ought to be considered as rights...
Стр. 28 - Secondly, the principle requires liberty of tastes and pursuits, of framing the plan of our life to suit our own character, of doing as we like, subject to such consequences as may follow, without impediment from our fellow creatures, so long as what we do does not harm them, even though they should think our conduct foolish, perverse, or wrong.
Стр. 66 - But it is not the minds of heretics that are deteriorated most by the ban placed on all inquiry which does not end in the orthodox conclusions. The greatest harm done is to those who are not heretics, and whose whole mental development is cramped and their reason cowed by the fear of heresy. Who can compute what the world loses in the multitude of promising intellects combined with timid characters, who dare not follow out any bold, vigorous, independent train of thought, lest it should land them...