Hominal. Man is the exclusive representative of the last."—Quatrefages, "Rambles of a Naturalist," Translated by E. C. Otté, Longmans, Vol. I. Appendix I. It need scarcely be added that none of these modes of conceiving the relative rank of Man, physically considered, touches the essence of classification, as regards the forms below. 90. See generally, for striking analogies between the Organic Kingdoms, "Typical Forms and Special Ends in Creation." The writer had not made acquaintance with this valuable work when he sketched the parallelism in the text, nor was he aware that substantially the same idea had occurred to the French naturalist Dumortier. See note in Roget's Animal and Vegetable Physiology, Vol. I. p. 336. And compare the following: "In estimating their value, the characters of the classes are to be placed thus: 1. Wood [= vertebrate]; 2. Embryo [= mammalia]; 3. Leaves; 4. Flowers. The structure of the wood is of more importance than all the others the embryo than the leaves the leaves than the flowers. "-Lindley, School Botany, p. 23. "Gymnogens are essentially Exogens in all that appertains to their organs of vegetation, but they are analogous to reptiles in the Animal Kingdom [that is, to the typical Sub-mammalian Vertebrate of the Mesozoic Fauna], inasmuch as their ova are fertilized" in the same manner.- Lindley, Vegetable Kingdom, p. 221. Table I. p. 38. Compare In suggesting "Polypetalous," &c. in Table II. p. 89, as analogues to the cerebral graduation, I venture to follow (substantially) the French De Candolle, the German Endlicher, and our own Balfour, with Lindley himself (in his "School Botany"), although aware of the revision proposed by the latter in his larger work. For may not Beauty (conjointly with utility) as associated with the floral envelope, be truly the Creative goal in plants, even as Sagacity in the lower animals-essential perfection of Fabric and Reproductive System attained at previous stages in both? See the noble Chapter (XI.) in the "Plurality of Worlds "-(Section 30) so instructive even to those who must dissent from the main idea of the work. 91. Palæont, pp. 312, 376, &c. 92. Quarterly Review (on Darwin), No. CCXV. p. 264. It is added, with much force and felicity :-"The whole world of nature is laid for such a man under a fantastic law of glamour, and he becomes capable of believing anything. He is able, with a continually growing neglect of all the facts around him, with equal confidence and equal delusion, to look back to any past and to look on to any future." 93. Endeavours after the Christian Life, Vol. I. pp. 281-300. 94. With our own Shakspeare we may compare the most profound sayings that have come down from classic antiquity. "Men "In the are mortal gods, and gods are immortal men.” world there is nothing great but Man, and in Man there is nothing great but Mind." 95. Compare the profound legend of Pan-dora. 96. Owen, Vertebrate Skeleton, p. 197. 97. Bell On the Hand, p. 108. as manus parva, majori adjutrix.” 98. Ray in Bell, p. 109. "Albinus characterizes the thumb 99. Prometheus Vinctus, 495, &c. 100. Quinctilian, quoted by Bell, p. 218. 101. Endeavours after the Christian Life, Vol. I. p. 288. 102. The allusion is to the tale so beautifully told by Campbell. The deep affections of the breast That Heaven to living things imparts Are not exclusively possessed By human hearts. A parrot from the Spanish main, Full young, and early-caged, came o'er Of Mulla's shore. To spicy groves, where he had won His plumage of resplendent hue, His native fruits, and skies, and sun, He bade adieu. For these he changed the smoke of turf, But fretted in our climate cold He lived and chattered many a day, At last when blind and seeming dumb, To Mulla's shore. He hailed the bird in Spanish speech, The bird in Spanish speech replied; Flapped round the cage with joyous screech, 103. Dr. Brown's Hora Subsecivo: "Rab and his Friends." 104. Taylor's Natural History of Society, Vol. I. p. 40. 105. Kehama, Canto X. 106. Childe Harold, Canto IV. 107. Cowper's "Lines on his Mother's Portrait." 108. Longfellow: "Footsteps of Angels.” 109. Iliad VI. 482-484. Clytemnestra, 883-885. 110. Bell, p. 216. 111. Essays and Reviews, p. 139. 112. Auguste Comte, Positive Philosophy. I use Miss Martineau's translation, sanctioned by the author, Vol. I. pp. 415–417. 113. Essays and Reviews, p. 350. 114. Bishop Horsley writes thus :-- "These notions are indeed perfectly consistent with sound philosophy; but from them a conclusion has too hastily been drawn that a week would be too short time for physical causes to accomplish their part of the business; and it has been imagined that a day must be used figuratively to denote at least a thousand years. But the testimony of the sacred historian is peremptory and explicit. No expressions could be found in any language to describe a gradual progress of the work for six successive days, in the literal and common sense of the word day, more definite and unequivocal than those employed by Moses; and they who seek or admit figurative expositions of such expressions as these seem to be not sufficiently aware that it is one thing to write a history and quite another to compose riddles."-Horsley's Sermons, XXIII. So wrote, some half-century ago, the foremost divine of his day. No doubt the reasoning seemed conclusive, and the tone was re-assuring, and the rebuke was palatable to many timid and indignant contemporaries. But unfortunately what seemed helpful to faith fifty years ago has been transferred by the progress of discovery to another service; and we may imagine the poignant regret it would have cost Bishop Horsley to have been able to foresee his own success in convincing Mr. Goodwin! Is there nothing here to suggest caution lest the cause of Divine truth be committed to arguments, or implicated in modes of statement, to which the next half-century may lay successful siege? Assuredly none such are needed, so long as all that appertains to its life and essence-if we may use words of which we can understand the force though we transpose the application-"rests on a basis that cannot be shaken, lifting the possessor above the conflicts of erudition, and making it impossible for him to fear the increase of knowledge."-Phases of Faith, p. 202. Additional Note to § 27, § 37, and Appendix A. Perhaps the arguments from Celestial Mechanics and Chemical Proportions admit of a common expression as the Subjection of Matter to the Mathematics, that is to Forms of Thought. The movements and combinations of matter left to itself must needs have been alike chaotic. It is obvious, however, that the evolutions of a highly disciplined steam-squadron on a calm sea, or the dispositions of a consummately trained body of troops on a level field, are vastly less precise manifestations of order and pre-arrangement-in their contrast with the miscellaneous crowd of vessels or of spectators-than the marshalled planetary movements or chemical combinations are. Now Number and Figure are Forms of Intellect. Where there is shadow there is substance: where there is Mathematic there is Mind. Whatever is perusable by Thought, or speaks to Thought, must have sprung from Thought. That these movements and combinations can be scientifically apprehended by the mind of Man, implies that they must have been consciously projected from the Mind of Omniscience. So true, in its own sphere, the conception of the Divine Being as "geometrizing ;" and so trustworthy the great legacy of the Greek philosophy--whether we apply it to vital architecture or to cosmical phenomena the doctrine of the Platonic Archetype. Matter, then, and its primary properties, per se, must be distinguished from what we may call matter mathematicized. Gravitation, as a fact—the tendency of material particles to coalesce and cohere— was known to the ancients as well as to Sir Isaac Newton: as a * law, assuming numerical expression, it became, in his hands, for the first time, the revelation of Divine Reason and Rule. Note to Table I. p. 38.-In this Diagram, the Flora and Fauna columns, when read across, must not be rigidly referred to the column of single systems (the space available precluding such reference), but only generally to the type-systems or groups. 6 AU 61 G. CORNWALL AND SONS, ABERDEEN. |